Ukulwa kweJapan: iintlobo, inkcazo

IJapan lizwe apho izithethe zihambelana ngokukhawuleza kunye nezobugcisa ezintsha zakutshanje. Phakathi kwezakhiwo, iirobhothi kunye neekhomputer, kwakukho indawo yezobugcisa obuninzi bokusekwa kwezemidlalo ezenziwa phezu kweminyaka emide yobukho belizwe. Okwangoku, ngelixa ezinye iindawo zobugcisa be-kartial ziphuhlise ubuchule bokukhaba kunye nokukhaba, amaJapan ahlawula ingqalelo kwiinkqubo zokulwa, njengokugweba iinqwelo zabo ngeenqindi akuyona into ebalulekileyo kunazo zonke kwimfazwe. Ngenhlanhla, ezininzi zobugcisa zaseJapan zinobugcisa ziye zasinda nanamhla. Abanye ekufomeni ifomu, abanye baye basifikela phantse befana namakhulu eminyaka edlulileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iindlela zobugcisa zinengxaki ukufaka isicelo kwisakhelo se-duel yezemidlalo, eyenze ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa beliqela elincinci. Siyabulela kwimigudu yabantu abanomdla ukuba sinokufunda nokuphuhlisa ubuchule obuphuhliswe ngamajoni anamava aseJapan.

I-Japanese wrestling sumo

Yintoni abantu abaninzi abanxulumene naloo Mhlaba weLanga eliphumayo? Sakura, geisha, i-Samurai kunye, nokuba kunjalo, i-sumo. Uhlobo olumangalisayo lomzabalazo luvela kwimvelaphi yangaphambili. Nangona abaphandi baseJapan abaninzi befumana ubungqina bokuthi i-tournaments yokubambana yayibanjelwe kwintsimi yaseJapan namhlanje kuneminyaka eyinkulungwane edlulileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuseka umhla ochanekileyo wokuzalwa kwe-Sumo. Iingqungquthela zokubambana zaqhutyelwa kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye zahamba kunye nemikhuba eyahlukeneyo. Okokuthi, bekuninzi kunqulo kunokwenqatshulwa. Ekuqaleni, imithetho yaphantse ingazange ikwazi ukukhawulela amandla abaphengululi. Kwavunyelwa ukubetha kunye nokukhaba kunye nezandla kunoma yiphina inxalenye yomzimba, eyabangela ukulimala okukhulu.

Kuphela kwixesha likaHeian laliye lenziwe imigaqo yokulwa, kwakukho inkqubo ecacileyo yokupemela. Ukususela ngoko, i-sumo iye yalahlekelwa yintsikelelo yenkolo yayo kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo yayifana nemidlalo yamanje, eyayenza ukuba ibe yinto eyaziwayo kuphela phakathi kwabantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha leemfazwe ezimbi ezixakekayo ezasusa amazwe aseJapan, lolu hlobo lokulwa lwalusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngamajoni ekulwa. Ngoko kwakukho ukwahlukana phakathi kohlobo lwezempi lwe-sumo kunye neentlobo zezemidlalo. Ukususela kwinqanaba lokulwa emva koko waqala ukufaka isicwangciso kwizikolo ezininzi zobugcisa be-karate, ezaziwa namhlanje.

Sumo ezi ntsuku

Imincintiswano yamandulo yamaqhawe ayadumile eJapan kwaye namhlanje. Namhlanje i-Sumo ngumzabalazo wesizwe waseJapan, oye waba yimiqondiso engatshintshi kweli lizwe. I-sumoist zobuchwephesha, okanye i-rikishi, njengoko zibizwa kwilizwe lazo lobugcisa, zithandwa kakhulu, kunye neenkwenkwezi zezoshishino kunye nabadlali ababalaseleyo. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba yi-wrestler sumo namhlanje ayinakudumeka kakhulu kwimihla yakudala, kodwa abadlali abakhulu kakhulu bacebile kwaye baninzi abanomdla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-rikishi ephakamileyo iyanandipha impumelelo kunye nabasetyhini, nangona yonke imbonakalo yembonakalo. Abaphangi balula ekufumaneni umyinge, ngokwemigangatho yaseJapan, umvuzo kwaye phantse kumgangatho ofanayo nabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abaqhelekileyo.

Kutheni i-sumoids ikhulu kangaka? Into leyo kukuba namhlanje, njengeminyaka eyiwaka eyadlulayo, akukho zigaba zokunyusa, ezenza ukuba kuthathe inxaxheba kubo abadlali abanomzimba ongenalwazi. Imfazwe yanamhlanje ibanjwe kwibala elikhethekileyo lokujikeleza, i-4.55m ububanzi, eyakhiwa ngodongwe kwaye igqitywe ngentlabathi. Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokwakha lo mgaqo wendabuko, izithethe ezikhethekileyo zenziwa - phakathi kwendawo yokutya ekhethekileyo ingcwatywa, kwaye nje ngaphambi kokuba umdlalo, indawo iniselwa ngamanzi ngenxa yokungcwaliswa koothixo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwanamhlanje abasetyhini abavunyelwe ukunyathela kweli qonga. I-Tournaments ibanjwe kanye kwiinyanga ezimbini e-Osaka, eNagoya, eFukuoka kunye nenkunzi-dolobha yaseTokyo, apho sele ikhona i-3 ye-6 yeentambo. Njengangaphambili, i rikishi ihlulwe zibe ziinkampu ezimbini - eMpuma naseNtshona. Ngexesha lokufikelela kwipulatifomu isithethe esikhethekileyo siyabonwa, senzelwe ukugxotha imimoya emibi kunye nemimoya emibi. Ukubhinqa apho abambethayo bembethe kuthiwa i-kesyo-mawashi kwaye uyilo olubi kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi olunokuba lunzima ukuya kwi-10 kg. Le bhanki ihlotshiswe ngegolide nesilivere kwaye yenziwe ngesandla kuphela, ngoko ke iyabiza kakhulu. Oku kuphela kubonisa indlela ebaluleke ngayo indawo ebalulekileyo kwenkcubeko yanamhlanje yi-Japanese wrestling sumo.

Ubomi be sumo

Iiklabhu zokulwa zakwa-Sumo zithatha amantombazana aphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-15, ekhetha ukhetho olutsha olunamandla. Umntu omtsha, ukungena kwiqela leli lizwe elingavamile, akanalo namalungelo, kodwa ufumana imisebenzi eninzi. Kufanele apheke abafundi abadala, bahlambuluke baze bahlambe emva kwabo. Yonke imiyalelo umqalayo kufuneka enze ngokukhawuleza kwaye engenakho imibuzo engacingi. Ukuqeqeshwa komkhosi okunjalo kunokusongela abantu abangaqinisekanga, kodwa abo bahlala kwaye bahamba ngesikolo esinjalo baya kuba ngabadlali abakhulu, kwaye mhlawumbi omnye wabo uya kufumana isihloko esinqwenelekayo seqhawe okanye i-yokozuna. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-rikishi ezayo iza kule mdlalo kunye namakhwenkwe aqhelekileyo, kwaye ubungakanani obuhle buzuzwa ngenxa yombuso okhethekileyo womhla kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo.

I-sumoists ivuka ekuseni. Emva kwazo zonke iinkqubo eziyimfuneko, zihamba ngokukhawuleza iiyure ezinde zokuqeqesha. Lo mzabalazo waseJapan ufuna ukuzinikela ngokupheleleyo. Kule ndlela kuphela unokumelana neeyure ezingama-4 zoqeqesho. Emva kokuba abaphengululi bahlambe baze baye ekuseni. Ukutya okubalulekileyo ngeli xesha li-stew ekhethekileyo eyenziwa kwenyama kunye nemifuno - chanko. Iphekwe kwinqwelo emlilweni ocothayo kwaye iresiphi yesi sidlo iyaqhelana nayo yonke i rikishi, kuba iphendulela ukutya kwakhona. Emva kwesidlo sumo abaqhubi bahamba kwiiyure ezingama-2-3 zokulala, ukuze baguqule ngokufanelekileyo ukutya kwioli. Emva koko, kukho ukuqeqeshwa ngokuhlwa nakudla. Badla i-sumoist kabini ngosuku, kodwa kuninzi. Kwakhona azinqunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kotywala, oko kukuthi, ukusela ngexesha lokutya okanye ubhiya aluqwalaselwe kwimeko yendawo ye-wrestlers sumo into embi.

Jiu-jitsu

Okuchasene ngokupheleleyo kwe-sumo yiJapan yokulwa ne-jiu-jitsu, okanye i-jujutsu. Kulo, ngokuphambene neendlela ezinamandla zokulwa eziqhelekileyo ze-sumoist, ugxininiso lubekwe kwizakhono ezibonelela umloli onokumelana nomdlali onamandla. Inkqubo ye jujutsu yenziwa phantsi kweempembelelo ezininzi zeempi ze-internecine, ezithande kakhulu kwimbali yaseJapan. Ngako oko, lo mzabalazo waseJapan ugcwele izixhobo zokulwa. Ku-jiu-jitsu, kukho iindawo ezininzi kunye neengxaki ezenzelwe ukuphula umlenze okanye ukumbambisa umdlali. Kule ndlela yobugcisa bokulwa nezobuhlanga zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwiimpawu zamandla omtsha, okwenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ukhuphiswano olupheleleyo kulolu hlobo lomzabalazo.

Ubugcisa obuyingqayizivele obuJapan buninzi bendabuko kunezinye iintlobo zaseJapan zokulwa. Izindlela ezininzi zeJ jujutsu zibonakala ngathi umntu wanamhlanje unzima kwaye akanakwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, omnye kufuneka aqonde ukuba lo bugcisa buye lwadalwa kwimfazwe, apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ebandayo zazisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ubuninzi bezindlela ze-jiu-jitsu zijoliswe ekukhutshiseni intshaba okanye ngokuhlala kwindawo apho kulungele khona ukusebenzisa izixhobo zakhe. Imigaqo apho lo mzabalazo owakhelwe kuwo unomdla. I-Masters yaseJuu-Jitsu isebenzisa amandla omchasi ngokumelene naye, ekhetha ukungabandakanyeki kwi-confrontation ngqo. Olu bugcisa lusetyenziswa ngolwazi malunga ne-biomechanics kunye ne-levers, eyenza inkosi yejjutsu ibe ngumdlali onobungozi kunoma yimuphi umqhubi.

Judo

Umdali wale ndlela yokuthakazelisa ngumzabalazo yi-Dzigaro Kano - indoda ethathe isigqibo sokukhetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho esuka kwi-jujitsu ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ubugcisa bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba iJujutsu iguqulelwe njengobungqina bokuthobeka, ukuguqulelwa kweJajio kuthetha "indlela epholileyo". Ukulwa okunye, njengamanye amaninzi eentlanzi zaseJapan, amagama abo oya kudibana nalo kweli nqaku, utsho ukuba unqobe amandla okuthobeka. Iindlela ezikhethiweyo ezivela kwinkqubo yamandulo yasemkhosini zatshintshelwe ukuhlangabezana nale mgaqo. Kulo lokulwa olulodwa akukho zikhonkwane kunye nokukhaba, kwaye iindlela eziyingozi kakhulu zingabandakanywa. Ngako oko, kule ndlela yoMzabalazo waseJapan kukho ukhuphiswano, oluchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo ukulungelelwa kwabadlali.

Imfazwe e-judo iyenzeka kumathambo-elastiki ezenziwe ngezinto ezikhoyo okanye, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili, zenziwe ngotshani oluxinzelelweyo. Ababambisene banxibe kwiebhatyi ezinamandla, ezibangela kakhulu ukubaluleka kokubamba kakuhle, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwezinye iindlela zokuxhatshazwa. Le nto yokulwa neJapan ibonakaliswe ngama-shot amplitude kunye nezenzo ezincinci kwizicwangciso. Inkosi ye-judo ikwazi ukuva lula kwiziko lokudakalisa komdlali kunye nokuziva i vector, apho umzamo wakhe uqondiswa khona, ovumela ukuphosa usebenzisa amandla omdlali. Lo mzabalazo uthathe udumo lwehlabathi lonke. I-Judo iqhutyelwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye udumo lwayo lukhula kuphela. Akukho nto emangalisa kukuba le mzabalazo ifakwe kwinkqubo yeMidlalo yeOlimpiki.

YaseBrazil Jiu-Jitsu

Omnye umphathi we-judo kunye ne-jiu-jitsu wathuthela eBrazil, okwenze ukuba kubekho umdlalo olwabalalayo oye waba yinto ephawulekayo kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Igama lakhe lalinguMitsuyo Maeda, kwaye wafundisa ubugcisa bakhe kuCarlson Gracie - ilungu lokuqala leentsapho eziqingqileyo ezibeka iziseko zaseBrazil Jiu-Jitsu. Nangona okokuqala ukuba amaBrazil afunde ubuchule beJudo kunye neJjjutsu, okwenzayo kwakungekho mzabalazo waseJapan. Ulwalamano lwentsapho lukaGricie lwalugxininiswe ngobutyebi bezakhono ezijolise ekukhokeleni ukulwa ukusuka kwindawo yokulala emva. Le ndlela yokulwa eyahlukileyo yenziwa ngenxa yokuba amanye amalungu aloo ntsapho yenkqantosi yayinomzimba obuthathaka. Ndiyabulela kusebenziso olufanelekileyo lwezibhenqo kunye neempawu zesakhiwo somzimba womntu, banokuwunqoba abaphangi kunzima nakakhulu.

Ukugqithiswa kakhulu kwezobugcisa beentsapho zikaGricie ngenxa yokulwa kwabo kunye nabameli bezinye i-kartial arts, apho i-jujutsu yaseBrazil ihlala iphumelele. Babonisa ukuba abaphathi bamangalisa, abakwazi ukubulala umntu ngomsindo omnye, bayinyani. Ngomnye, abaphathi bezobugcisa be-kartial ababethatyathwa njengezona ziqine kakhulu kwezo zihlandlo. Ezi mpi phakathi kwabameleli bezobugcisa ezahlukeneyo zakwa-karate ziye zabeka isiseko seMMA eyaziwayo ngoku, apho abadlali baseBrazil Jiu-Jitsu bazive njengentlanzi emanzini.

Aikido

Lo mzabalazo waseJapan wenziwa ngumntu ongaqhelekanga-uMorihei Ueshiba, owayebizwa ngokuba ngu-O-Sensei, oku kuthetha "inkosi enkulu". Wazama ukudala ubugcisa obunikela abafundi ukuba bangaboni nje ukulwa kuphela, kodwa nabo bafundisa ukulawula amandla abo. Inokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba i-Aikido izitimela kungekhona nje kuphela umzimba, kodwa kunye nokuqonda komntu. Inkosi yalobugcisa bokulwa nekrele iyakwazi ukunciphisa intshaba, ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, kunokuba ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngeengcali zobugcisa. Kulo mzabalazo, njengokwi-judo, kugxininiswa ekuqondiseni amandla omnye umntu, endaweni yokusebenzisa eyakho. Ifilosofi ka-Aikido inqabela ukusetshenziswa kwalobugcisa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, kwaye ngokubanzi ayikhuthazi ugonyamelo kunaluphi na uhlobo. Ngoko ke, kule ndlela yomzabalazo akukho zixhobo ezihlaselayo, zonke iindlela zizikhusela kuphela kwimvelo.

Kendo

Ewe, xa uthetha ngeJapane, umntu akafanele akhohlwe malunga nesimo esibalulekileyo samamurai njengekrele le-Samurai. Ukulwa kwekrele laseJapan kuthiwa yi-kendo kwaye ubuyela ekude kudlulileyo, xa ukukwazi ukuba nekrele kunokuxhomekeka kubomi bomntu kunye nosapho lwakhe. Inkqubo yocingo yahlonishwa ngamawaka eminyaka, ngexesha apho abaphathi bekrele bahlala bekulwela imfazwe enegazi. Ukususela kwindlela yokulwa nomxhasi kuxhomekeke ekubeni unokusinda empini. Ngako oko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukuhamba okungenamsebenzi okanye ubunzima kwi-kendo. Ukulula nokusebenza kakuhle yilokho okuvumele ukuba lobu buchule bobukreti buphile kwiintsuku zethu.

Ngaphambili, ekuqeqesheni ucingo, abafundi baqhuba izakhono zabo ikakhulukazi kwiiplectile kunye nemithi, njengoko ukunyuka kwangempela kwakuyingozi kakhulu. Kwaye kwaba nokuqeqesha ukuqhutyelwa kwezixhobo, oko kwabangelwa ukulimala kakhulu. Namhlanje iinkemba ezikhethekileyo ze-bamboo kunye nokukhuselwa okuqinileyo kusetyenziswa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uqhube ukulwa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngempilo yabadlali. Nangona kunjalo, oku akulona nje ukulwa kweJapan kwiintonga, zonke iinkqubo ze-kendo zingasetyenziswa ngekrele le-Samurai. Ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki, lobu bugcisa bubuqili buza kukhula kwaye luye lwasasazeka kwihlabathi.

Abahlaseli beJapan banamhlanje

Namhlanje, ubugcisa bezobuhlanga kwiLizwe loKhuphuka kwelanga basasaziwa. Ababambisi baseJapan babonwa njengabaphakathi kwezona zinto zilungileyo kwihlabathi. Bathatha inxaxheba kwimincintiswano ngokwemiqathango ye-MMA, iJoor, iBrazil Jiu-Jitsu. I-freestyle yaseJapan yokulwa nayo iphuhliswe kakuhle. Eli lizwe lalingomnye wabokuqala ukubonela ubungako obuhle bokuzibandakanya kwezobugcisa. Kwaye kunikwa inani elikhulu labaphangi abahlala eJapan, kukho ukuhlala bekulungele ukungena emgodini. Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ubuchule beJajiokas zaseJapan, abahlala bebonisa iziphumo ezintle kwimincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Ndifuna ukukholelwa ukuba ukulwa kweMMA kweli lizwe kuya kwenza ubugcisa bekarati buye buyathandwa nakakhulu phakathi kweJapan, kwaye siya kukwazi ukulwa nabasemagqabini abanamakhono aseJapan.

UbuGcisa baseJapan

Ihlabathi elimangalisayo laseJapan lobugcisa bezobugcisa linezobuchwephesha kuzo zonke izinto. Ngokomzekelo, ukulwa kweJapan nge-handjowsu kunye nenani elikhulu lamandulo endlela, engeyona inkqubo yokuzikhusela kuphela, kodwa nelifa lemveli elilodwa. Kwabo banqwenela ukulwa nezixhobo zokutshitshiswa, kukho ikarati. Umntu onothando nonomusa uya kufumana konke okufunekayo kwi-aikido. Le nkqubo ayifundisi nje ukuzikhusela, kodwa inceda ekufezeni ukuvisisana nokupheleliswa kokomoya. Ukuba uthanda imincintiswano, uya kuthandana namanye amaJapan okulwa, ogama lakhe linguJaji. Izakhono ezifumanekayo kuyo ziya kukunceda ukuba uzimelele, kwaye indlela yokuphila yemidlalo iza kuzisa impilo kunye novuyo ebomini bakho. Ukulwa nokulwa kweJapan kuyathandwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa amawaka emagumbi akhuthaza ubugcisa belizwe loMhlaba ophumayo. Kukho izizathu zokukholelwa ukuba ubugcisa be - karate buza kudlalwa kakhulu ngaphezu kweminyaka. Oku kusinika ithemba ngekamva eliqaqambileyo.