Ukulinganiswa kweelwimi zeelwimi 2016

Kwilizwe lanamhlanje, iprogram enye yezona zicwangciso ezinempumelelo kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe. Imfuno yokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ayibuzwa, kuba ngoku okwenzekayo yonke imisebenzi icomputer. Yingakho abaprogram abalungileyo baxabiseke kakhulu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngokufutshane malunga neelwimi zeprogram

Ulwimi lwenkqubo yinkqubo yeempawu ezihambelanayo zokubhala iinkqubo zekhompyutha. Ukongezelela, kukho imigaqo yemithetho ethintela uhlobo lwenkqubo. Kuxhomekeke kule mithetho, ikhomputer yenza iinkqubo zokuqulunqa iinkqubo okanye ilawula izinto. Le ndlela yokwenza iprogram yenzelwe kuphela ukusebenzisana komntu.

Kukho ezimbini iindidi eziphambili zeelwimi kwiprogram:

1. Umgangatho (isethi yezinto ezimele i-syntax kunye ne-semantics).
2. Ukuphunyezwa komgangatho (isofthiwe ngokwayo, ukuvumela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komgangatho).

Ngaphandle kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kwamanqanaba ekhoyo okwangoku, akukho nqobelelo iphela. Iindidi zeenkqubo zinokushukumisela ukuba siqulunqe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi. Ukunyuka kwamaprosesa kunye nokuhamba ngokubambisana kuye kwakha umsebenzi omtsha kubathuthukisi.

Umlando

Ukususela ekudalweni kweekhompyutha zekhompyutha zokuqala, malunga neelwimi ezili-8 zeelwimi ziye zaqulunqwa kwiprogram. Kwaye ngoku ziqhubeka zidalwe phantse nsuku zonke. Enyanisweni, abaninzi kakhulu baziwa kuphela kubadali ngokwabo, kodwa ezinye zazo ziyafumaneka ukusetyenziswa kwezigidi zabantu.

Imvelaphi yeprogram iyenzeka ngekhulu leshumi elinesithoba. Kwinqanaba elithile, iifowuni ezicwangcisiweyo ziquka, umzekelo, i-looms kunye ne-pianos yomatshini. Umgaqo wabo wolawulo wawusekelwe kwimimiselo, enokuthi ithathelwe njengemodeli yeelwimi ezikhoyo ngoku, zilula kakhulu kwaye zincinci.

Umsunguli wokudalwa kweelwimi zeprogram ngu-Ada Augusta Lovelace, isazi seMathematika saseBrithani esiphakathi kwekhulu le-18 ubudala wabhala inkqubo yokubala kweenombolo zeBernoulli ezijoliswe kumatshini ohlalutyo kaCharles Babbage. Nguye onokuthathwa njengomqambi wokuqala, ngokuhlonipha i-mathematiki baqamba ngolwimi olunye lweelwimi.

Ezisiseko

Ngokuphuhliswa kwamashishini ezobugcisa, kwavela isidingo sokwenza iinkqubo ezilawula iinkqubo zokubala, ukudala into. Kule nto yaqala ukuvela kwiintlobo zeelwimi zokusetyenziswa.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

• I-Assembler yilwimi elisezantsi lenzelwe ukusebenzisana ngqo kunye ne-hardware.
• I-BASIC iyona elula kwinkqubo; Kubalulekile ukuqala kokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo.
• "Cobol" - izinga eliphezulu; Zasetyenziselwa ukuxazulula iingxaki zoqoqosho
• I-Fortran liphezulu; Yadalwa ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi yekhompyutheni.
• "Isihogo" liphezulu; Yenzelwe ukuzenzekelayo ukulawula inkqubo (egama lingu-Ada Lovelace).
• Pascal - yenzelwe ukufundisa iprogram.
• C kunye neC ++ - ulwimi jikelele ukulungisa iingxaki; Iimfuno zeprogram yenkqubo zihleli phantsi.

Iilwimi ezidumeleyo

Isilinganiselo sokuthandwa kweelwimi ze-RedMonk zisekelwe kwinqanaba leGitHub kunye neengxoxo kwiwebhusayithi yeStartOverflow. Ngo-2016 olu luhlu lubonakala kanje:

• JavaScript.
• Java.
• PHP.
• Python.
• C #.
• C ++.

Ukujonga ngokulinganisa, iilwimi ezithandwa kakhulu zifana neJavaScript kunye neJava. Oku akumangalisi, kuba zifakwe kwiiphequluli ze-Google Chrome kunye ne-Safari, ezisoloko zisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi emhlabeni. Ukongeza, ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezidumileyo kwi-AdobeAcrobat kunye ne-Reader. Ngenxa yoko, ukulinganiswa kweelwimi zeprogram kusekelwe ekuthandeni kwezi zinto okanye ezinye iindlela zabasebenzisi.

Kodwa ngokwephepha le-IEEESpectrum, eyaziwayo yiC. Kulandelwa yiJava, i-Python ne-C ++. Olu luhlu lugqitywa ngokufuna iziphumo kwizicelo ezizodwa kumaziko awaziwayo.

I-index ye Tiobe

I-Tiobe - isicatshulwa esikuvumela ukuba ufumane ukutyekela kunye nokufaneleka (ukulinganiswa) kweelwimi zokufunda. Ukubala kwenziwa ngumbuzo wokukhangela oqulethwe ngolwimi oluthile.

Uhlobo lweelwimi lweelwimi lwe-Tiobe luboniswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: IJava yindawo yokuqala, C isibini, kwaye i-C ++ yowesithathu. Ngo-Matshi 2016, iJava yabamba i-25% yemarike yokuthandwa phakathi kwezinye iilwimi. Ukuthandwa kwe-C efanayo kwawa ngo-2% kwaye kwafika ku-14%. Ngokugqithiseleyo yalahlekelwa yendawo yayo InjongoC, into emangalisa, kuba iyona iqonga eliphambili kwi-iPhone ne-iPad. IJavaScript iphinda ilahlekelwe ukuthandwa kwayo ngokufudukela ekupheleni kwoluhlu.

Olu luhlu lweelwimi lwenkqubo luxhomekeke kutshintsho oluqhelekileyo, njengoko lwakhiwa ngokuxhomekeke kumdla wabathengi abajoliswe kuzo.

Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo

Xa udala i-OS, akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela oko umsebenzisi uya kuyifuna ngokukodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba i-OS ayinakho umsebenzi ongenakunikezwa. Ngenxa yokudalwa kwazo ukuba iilwimi zeprogram ziyimfuneko, ngoncedo apho ikhowudi ekhethekileyo ibhaliwe kwaye iphunyezwe. Iyabonwa yikhompyutha kwaye ihlela inkqubo okanye idala uncedisayo. Imisebenzi enjalo, iilwimi ezithandwa kakhulu yiC kunye neC ++, kunye ne-BASIC ne-Pascal. Ngokuqhelekileyo badala iinkqubo zeWindows kunye neDOS.

Iilwimi zeprogram zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Umxhasi (ummeli nguJavaScript).
2. Umncedisi (HTML ngumzekelo omhle).

Ngendlela, yi-HTML ephakamisa ukulinganiswa kokusetyenziswa kweelwimi zeprogram. Iintlobo zayo zifumaneka ngokulula kwiimifanekiso ze HTML ngeyiphi na iiphequluli ezikhoyo. Olu lwimi luyisiseko, ngaphandle kolwazi lwayo alukwazi ukufudukela kumazinga aphezulu eenkqubo.

Ukufaneleka kweelwimi

Ukulinganiswa kwemfuno yeelwimi zenkqubo kusekelwe ekubalukeleni kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yengqesho. Iinkqubo zeemali zifuna izixhobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye ezahlukeneyo zokudala iinkqubo, njengeJava kunye neC #. Kodwa kumaphepha ewebhu kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo udinga ulwimi olulula nolushushu, umzekelo, iJavaScript okanye iRuby.

Kwinqanaba labaqeshi, ogqithisekayo kakhulu ulwazi ngu-SQL. Ngesiseko sayo, iinkcukacha ezifana ne-MySQL, iMicrosoft SQL, ezisetyenziswa ngamaziko amaninzi amakhulu, zenziwe. Ukongeza, zonke iifowuni ezisekelwe kwi-Android kunye ne-IOS zinokufikelela kwisiseko seSQL, esibizwa ngokuba yiSQLite.

Uhlobo lweelwimi zeprogram kule ndawo lukhokelela kuluhlu olulandelayo lokubaluleka: IJava, iJavaScript, iC # nabanye.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba. Ukulinganiswa kweelwimi zeprogram zonyaka we-2016 kuboniswe ngeendlela ezifanayo ngokuthandwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufaneleka. Kodwa kukho ukungafani, kwaye isizathu salokhu yiimfuno ezahlukileyo zemisebenzi ethile.