Imithetho Gossen xa omnye iinkolelo angundoqo e-worldwork theory yoluntu abekelwe

UHermann Heinrich Gossen (1810-1858) wafumana sakhe isidanga komthetho kunye iminyaka engama-37 ubudala umhlala wazinikela ngokupheleleyo economics. Nguye ke umbhali eyodwa yokusebenza, eyapapashwa ngo-1854, kwaye kulo nyaka isuswe kwintengiso ngenxa kukunqongophala okupheleleyo imfuneko.

Ukuvela ingqiqo entsha kuqoqosho

Ngenxa iinzame ngezoqoqosho French Walras kunye IsiNgesi bulumko logic ncwadi Jevons, umbhali akukhange akukho udumo okanye ubutyebi, yafunyanwa kwazenzekela elayibrari, ukuba iprintwe kwakhona ngo-1927. Lo msebenzi kwathiwa ukuqala ukuvela indlela entsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye yoqobo ukuya engundoqo yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko, ingakumbi, ukuba achaze indlela eziluncedo ngayo yonke impahla bagqitywe, iziphumo zabo kwimfuno. Ababhali bayavuma ngunozala ingqiqo entsha. Le ngcamango yokulahlwa nezimaphambili ezingundoqo loqoqosho yamandulo lwezopolitiko, apho injini engundoqo inkqubela, leyo wanika yokukhawulezisa nophuhliso loluntu, yaba umvelisi nkulu, yaye "inhlamba" uqoqosho yamaphephandaba lwezopolitiko imveliso engahoywanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye unika phambili umbane. Layo inhlamba ukuba Marx kuba abameli kule ndlela yesikolo imithetho esisiseko bezoqoqosho ziyalela umda kwiklasi ye-Outlook yabo. Ukutshintsha amagama, iindlela, ukutolikwa, izikhokelo uqoqosho yayizezidala intshabalalo. Kuye senza kwenkcazo 'revolution. "

Merit Gossen

Gossen yaye kwezoqoqosho esivakalayo le ngobhalo eluncedo ebekiwe kunye nezibonelelo zalo eziphambili. Enye yemfundiso ogama njengabalandeli: umthetho Gossen. Ukubaluleka umbhali kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini liye landa kangangokuba ngo-1997 yaye yamiselwa ibhaso egameni lakhe ixabiso ngama-10 000 euro. Kwanikezelwa yena, efana iBhaso yeNobel ngo ezoqoqosho ngenxa yophando lwakhe okanye theory qwa kule intsimi, kunye njongo - ekuphuculeni ubomi nawuphi na kuluntu okanye uluntu ngokubanzi.

Umxholo postulates esisiseko

Ngokufutshane imithetho Gossen kaThixo ingavezwa nje. Kakuhle eli yokuqala, ukuba ukuselwa nantoni na eqhubekayo yothuba elithile sexesha, ixabiso nganye ingxenye elandelayo iza kuwa ngokunxulumene sele ukuyisebenzisa. Kulo mzekelo ukutya - iqhekeza yokugqibela kwexabiso (ukuba ukutya iya kuba yanele) ngu zero.

ISISHWANKATHELO umthetho wesibini ngolu hlobo - uyilo imfuno best (umlinganiselo) inokufumaneka xa phantsi izidanga kakhulu ukunqweneleka kwempahla ekhoyo. Kwakhona, kulo mzekelo ukutya - isityana eziphambili kunye isidlo icala kufuneka ezidityanisiweyo loo mali kunye nemali abanjalo losetyenziso lwawo bazuze kakhulu.

Umthetho yokuqala neyesibini Gossen negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu ingcamango kwezoqoqosho, yenza isiseko amaxabiso, wachaza amalungiselelo athile kwezoqoqosho emarikeni, zisetyenziselwa izibalo yonikezelo nkulu nemfuno. Kukho uluvo lokuba ezi imithetho echaza okungaqondakaliyo de indawo kwi kutheni diamond yonke yanto ixabisa obungako eninzi xa kuthelekiswa eyimfuneko ukuze amanzi obomi bomntu.

Imfundiso eluncedo ebekiwe

Umthetho wokuqala Gossen ibonisa meko zilandelayo: ukuba iinzuzo zininzi, ukuba yanto. Uthi xa ukusetyenziswa uluntu ezilungileyo ukunyuka, ukunyuka eliluncedo iyonke, kodwa eluncedo abekelwe kunciphisa. Zonke iziphumo zabo Gossen ukungqinisiseka ngokwezibalo kusetyenziswa izibalo-aljibra kunye namacebo. Ngoko ke, abameli yesikolo kwimathematika (yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko) bakugqala ukuba kuneyokuqala yayo ngqo.

Ekuqaleni, lo umthetho Gossen waba ezibanzi, oko kukuthi, ngezenzo zalo bawa ngaphakathi zonke iimvakalelo zabantu kunye neemfuno. Emva koko, le absolutism wahlaziywa, ekubeni kwiimeko ezithile umthetho kokunciphisa eluncedo bazisa iziphumo malunga ngokupheleleyo. Kwagqitywa ukuba kusebenza kuphela kwisangqa kunokuba emnxinwa iimpahla yabathengi eziyimfuneko (ukutya), kunye nolonwabo musa ukuza phantsi kwalo mthetho.

imfundiso Gossen ngayo ukuchazwa

Abameli kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo "anento yokwenza" uqoqosho yamaphephandaba lwezopolitiko ngelithi ukuba umthetho Gossen inceda abaphathi abanobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kushishino. Oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ukuba eluncedo abekelwe esilungileyo apha ngasentla abanye, kwaye ukwandiswa kwemveliso yawo ibe bubulumko yaye kuyimfuneko, imakethi ifumile, ixabiso eziluncedo ekugqibeleni iwela ngokunxulumene nezinye iintlobo kwempahla, kuba yimfuneko ukuba imveliso zabo. Emva koko, ngenxa yokungabikho inzuzo yokuqala emarikeni (ukususela imveliso yawo lancitshiswa) kuyo kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo. Konke oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwemveliso yoshishino.

Kwaye apha uqalisa ukusebenza umthetho Gossen, ngubani akagwetyelwanga na izibalo, uye lenxaki kunye wesekethe, kubandakanywa indlela "ukungakhathali curve". It iquka iinketho ezimbini. Eyokuqala lihlola iyunithi liqulathwe-ngokwalo of economic (ukulimela), yedwa. Injongo yale experiment - ukumisela imfuneko imveliso esinengqiqo kwempahla.

ukhetho lakhe elilandelayo linikeza ukuba kwisifundo esithile ukuba isixa esithile semali, kunye namaxabiso elibekiweyo a kuqoqosho yorhwebo. Oko kukuthi ukusetyenziswa limiters impahla amaxabiso kunye esipajini. Injongo - ngokwenza ukufumana imali kangangoko izibonelelo ezikhoyo phantsi kwezi meko, umntu unako ukuhlangula kwanelise.

Abalandeli Gossen ezi imithetho sisiseko yokubala yemfuno kunye namaxabiso. Xa siqwalasela oku postulate kwi mzekelo imbijana ngeveki umntu othile, kuya kuba kulingana eluncedo eziseludinini, nokuba yinto uju okanye isonka kwi inxalenye yokugqibela inani elipheleleyo izinto ezithengiweyo. Lo mthetho ubizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wesibini Gossen.

ukugxekwa theory

Ukugxekwa ephambili e-worldwork theory oluphuhliswe Gossen kunye zineziseko zalo ezisisiseko ugxininisa indlela ayinyani-idealist ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, kuquka isiseko zazo zophuhliso loluntu. Ngelo xesha atyeshelwa ngokupheleleyo imveliso kunye umongo walo kwezentlalo. Malunga "ubukrwada" e-worldwork theory eluncedo abekelwe of Marx umzekelo eluncedo oyikhethayo phakathi iapile violin. Yena ufumana kube nzima ukuba nokuba ukubuza umbuzo onjalo phakathi sizathu.