Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (icandelo 148 leNkqubo yePalali). Umthetho ngokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa

Ukugxeka imizwa yabazalwana baseRashiya kuyisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho. Kuphela kusekude kunokwenzeka ukuzisa umgcini-mthetho kumhlali. Kwaye ukuba kwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe, ngoko kufuneka sizame kanzima. Kwezinye iimeko, nokuba ukuqonda umthetho akuyimfuneko - kunye nokunyamezela ukukhanya kwamanyathelo kusetyenziswe kubaphulaphuli, abakholwayo. Ngoko ke, abaninzi abantu bazama ukuvala amehlo abo kweso siganeko, okanye ngandlela-thile balwe neengxaki ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, eRussia kukho umthetho wokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa. Ngokuchanekileyo, iCandelo leNkqubo yePalamende inequlethe elawula izigwebo ezibekelwe isenzo esenziwe. Ibeka iimeko ezinokuthi zenze i-judiciary ukuba ithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ekunqandeni ukuphulwa kweenkululeko kunye namalungelo enkolo. Ngoko ungalindela ntoni kule nto okanye kwimeko?

Uluntu

Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa kunokugwetywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwindlela olwaphulo-mthetho ngayo. Ewe, iimeko kunye neenkcukacha ezincinci zinokuchaphazela isigqibo senkundla. Isiqendu 148 seNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho iqala kunye nelokuba linikeza amanyathelo alula kwaye angabi nzulu kakhulu ekuthukeleni imizwa yamakholwa kunye nenkululeko yabantu kuluntu. Oko kukuthi, kwindawo kawonkewonke, ngaphandle kweemeko ezimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isijeziso salo msebenzi sinokuhluka. Eminye imilinganiselo ayifani nantoni na umntu kwaye ungakuphazamisi ekuhlaselweni koluntu ekukholweni kunye nenkululeko yomntu.

Ngokomzekelo, kuyafaneleka ukunikela ingqalelo kwiintlawulo zokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa. Iyakwazi ukuhluka, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bezophulo-mthetho ezenziwe. Ukuba bekungekho iimeko ezihlaselayo, umntu unokuthemba ukuba akusiyo isohlwayo esona sikhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengokuba kunzima ukuqiqa, ihlawuliso semali lwenziwa.

Umthetho wokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa uthi kwisenzo esilula esingathwali nakwezinye iimeko, kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula i-ruble 300,000. Ngokomgaqo, oku kufana nokusebenza kwabo bahlawula umonakalo wokuziphatha. Iintlawulo zekheshi zingabonakaliswa njengengeniso nayiphi na imali. Umoni uya kuhlawula imali enkundleni eya kumkhupha yona, kodwa akufanele iphumelele kwinzuzo yommi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-2. Yiyo le migaqo esekelwe eRashiya okwangoku.

E mse benzini

Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (ubugcisa be-148 ye-Code Code) kungabuye kuhlawulwe ngemisebenzi kawonkewonke. Enyanisweni, ubude bezo ziya kuhluka ngohlobo oluthile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaxesha angenayo nayiphi na imeko enzima. Ngokomzekelo, kuthini ukuphula umthetho okuchazwe kwicandelo lokuqala le nqaku? Sithetha ngamacala xa ukugxeka inkululeko yonqulo kwenzeka kuluntu, kodwa kungekhona kwezinye iindawo zonqulo.

Oko kukuthi, awukwazi kuphela ukufumana intlawulo. Ukugxeka imvakalelo yabakholwa, ngokwemithetho yeRussian Federation, ikwahlwayelwa ngemisebenzi kawonkewonke. Inyanzelekile okanye iyinyanzeliso. Akunamanyathelo aqhelekileyo, kodwa ayenzeka. Ngokwenza njalo, imali yokuhlawula imali idlalwa rhoqo. Kucingwa ngokungathandekiyo, kwaye kusebenza ngakumbi. Umsebenzi onyanzelekileyo kwikhomishini yolwaphulo-mthetho luya kufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-240, kwaye unyanzelekile - amaxesha amaninzi. Inkundla inelungelo lokwenza isigqibo ngoko msebenzi wentlalo uhlala kwiinyanga ezili-12. Lo ngumlinganiselo onzima kakhulu, kodwa, njengoko kubonisa ukubonisa, awukhuthazi ngokukhethekileyo abaphulaphuli ukuba bahambisane nemithetho. Kodwa loo nto ihle.

Ngemivalo

Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (ubugcisa 148) abukho kuphela imisebenzi yoluntu kunye neentlawulo zemali. Le yindlela enzulu kakhulu, kunye nemiphumo. Ngokwenzayo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezinonophelo, ukuhlukana okulandelayo kokuphuhliswa kweemeko kuyinqabile kakhulu, kodwa kwenzeka. Ngokumalunga nenkululeko.

Oko kukuthi, ukuhlambalaza imizwa yamakholwa ungabanjwa ejele. Ukuba wenza nje lo lwaphulo-mthetho kwindawo kawonkewonke, soyika! Emva koko, kule meko, entolongweni entolongweni kwimimandla yeerhulumente ezahlukeneyo (ngokwengqiqo yenkundla, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulungiswa komthetho okanye jikelele kubanjelwa) ngowona mnye unyaka. Akuninzi kakhulu, kodwa kungekho encinci.

Ngethamsanqa, njengoko sele kushiwo ngaphambili, ukulungelelaniswa kweziganeko ezinqabileyo ziqhuba. Emva koko, ukuhlambalazwa kwemvakalelo kunye nenkululeko eRashiya kaninzi nje kungabonwa nje ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokungahambi kwamabango avela kumaxhoba. Akukho mntu ufuna iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu, ngakumbi xa umntu ehlasele ukholo lwakho kwindawo kawonkewonke. Oku, ngelishwa, akuyinto engavumelekanga ukuba iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza enkundleni. Nangona ngokomthetho unelungelo elipheleleyo lokwenza njalo. Yaye ukuyisebenzisa okanye ungayisebenzisi, zigqibo ngokwakho.

Iindawo ezizodwa

Isiqendu "Ukugxeka imvakalelo yamakholwa" (I-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation), njengoko sele sifumene, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwaye ityala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye babo bayesabisa, ezinye ziqhelekileyo zendlela nje, ezingabakhuthazi abemi ukuba bagcine imithetho. Amanyathelo angakumbi afanelekileyo asetyenziswa kubaphulaphuli ukuba ukunyeliswa kokholo lomntu kwenzeka kwiindawo zonqulo ezikhethiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwibandla okanye kufuphi ne-altare yonqulo. Oku sele kuthethwa njengento ehlaselayo. Kwaye ke kukufanelekile ukulungiselela amanyathelo amanyathelo angqongqo ekunqanda ukuphinda aphulwe.

Ukugxeka imvakalelo yamakholwa, inkundla inakho ukuhlwaya, kwakhona, iintlawulo zemali. Ewe, oku kulungile. Kule meko, landa, kwaye sele likhulu kakhulu. Ukuhlambalaza inkululeko kunye namalungelo enqulo kwiindawo zonqulo ezikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo, kuya kufuneka uhlawule ama-ruble angama-500,000. Okanye unokulahlekelwa ngumvuzo wakho kwiminyaka emithathu. Eli lixabiso lemida. Akunjalo ukuba ingeniso kufuneka ibonakaliswe ngendlela yemvuzo, qwalasela oku. Into ephambili kukuba kuphela inzuzo esemthethweni ithathwa ingqalelo.

Umsebenzi

Ukuhlambalazwa kwiimvakalelo zonqulo zamakholwa, ezenziwe kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethekileyo kubemi, zijeziswa, njengoko zacaca, ngokugqithiseleyo kunezinto ezingavumelaniyo kunye nokunyaniseka kuluntu. Oku konke kuboniswe kwisihlwayo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindlela ezibhalwe ngasentla. Ngoko eRashiya kukho imithetho emininzi. Oko kukuthi, imilinganiselo efanayo ifakiwe, kodwa ibe yinto enzulu.

Umsebenzi wentlalo kwisenzo sobugwenxa senzekile. Umsebenzi onyanzelekileyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa - akukho mntu wawakhansela. Ewe, ekusebenzeni, ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (i-Code Criminal, i-Article 148, i-RF) ayinaso isohlwayiso eso sihlwayo, kodwa ngokomthetho, zenzeka.

Ixesha lokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi liya kwanda. Ngoku, endaweni yeeyure ezingama-480 zomsebenzi, uya kuba ne-360 ephezulu. Oku akunjalo, ukuba ucinga ngako. Ukuthelekiswa nokunyanzeliswa. Emva koko, ukususela ngoku ukuhamba kwabo kuya kwandisa amaxesha amaninzi. Ngoku kuya kuba yiminyaka emithathu. Umhla wokugqibela uza kusekwa kuphela xa inkundla ingxoxo, iqwalasele zonke iimeko kunye neziganeko eziye zavela.

Inkululeko

Umthetho wokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa, njengokuba sele sichazile, kubonisa ukunyanzelwa inkululeko. Oko kukuthi, unako "u-zagremet" emva kwexesha elithile. Kuphi na kwaye yimiphumo yintoni, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Kodwa, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, emva kokuphula umthetho owenziwe kwiindawo zonqulo ezikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo, umgaqo okhethekileyo uya kusetjenziswa kwisikhubekiso. Yiyiphi na? Ngale nto kamva kamva.

Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhlambalaza imvakalelo yabakholwa (CC RF, i-article 148) iyahlawulwa ngokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethekileyo kumakholwa, isijeziso siya kuba seminyaka engama-3-ngokunjalo nangokuba umsebenzi onyanzelekileyo unokuqhubeka. Le nto isele imilinganiselo enzulu ngokwenene, eyoyikisayo. Kodwa ngeli nqanaba, isijeziso asipheli. I-Article ye-Criminal Code "Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa" inikezela amanyathelo angaphezulu aya kuhlawulwa (okanye kungekhona - kwinqumeni yezobukhosi) emva kokukhululwa entolongweni.

Ephakamileyo

Into leyo kukuba kwinqanaba lesibini le-Art. I-148 yeCandelo loPhulo-mthetho lingabonwa: ngaphezu kokunyanzelwa inkululeko, abaphulaphuli banelungelo lokusebenzisa amanyathelo athile. Akunjalo kakhulu, kodwa, sinokuthi, kushukumisa ukulungisa ukuziphatha.

Sithetha ntoni na? Ukongezelela ekuthineni inkululeko, kwezinye iimeko (apho, inkundla inquma isigqibo kwimeko nganye), ukukhutshwa kwenkululeko kuyancika. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimiqathango yesigqibo. Kule ndlela uza kugwetywa, uya kuphawulwa kwamapolisa, kwaye uqwalasele nje ukuba wenze ubugebengu. Ukuthintela inkululeko yinto efana nokukhonza isijeziso, kodwa kwisimo esiqhelekileyo kuthi sikwazi ukuphula umthetho. Ngaphandle koko, nakweyiphi na inkqubo, umlinganiselo onjalo uya kuthathwa njengento ehlaselayo.

Ukuhlambalaza imvakalelo yamakholwa kwiindawo zonqulo ezikhethiweyo ngokukhethekileyo, kunye nakwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo yonqulo kunye neenkonzo zonqulo, kungekhona nje ukunyanzelwa inkululeko, kodwa kunye nesigwebo esinqunyanyisiweyo siyadingeka. Ukuba iya kubelwa kuwe, nceda uqaphele: ubude bayo bude kuphela ngonyaka ongu-1 kuphela. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuvalelwa entolongweni, eli nani lingenanto. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sele kushiwo ngaphambili, umda wenkululeko unyanzelekile kumthetho, njengomlinganiselo wesigwebo, kungekhona. Ngokwenza oko, kwenzeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kukukhuthaza kakhulu ukulungisa indlela yokuziphatha ngayo.

Ukuvalwa

Amatyala athandwayo kakhulu acingelwa kwakhona kumthetho. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni isenzo sobugebengu esingathintela ngokungekho mthethweni imisebenzi yemibutho yonqulo okanye imicimbi efana nayo? Okumangalisa ngokwaneleyo, kodwa lo msebenzi uthathwa njengengcikivo kwimvakalelo yabakholwa (CC RF). Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, abaphulaphuli ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuxhomekeka kumanyathelo athile okuthintela ityala lesibini. Umzekelo, ulungile. Oku, njengoko ubonayo, ngumlinganiselo osetyenziswayo kwiimeko ezininzi. Yaye kungekhona nje ukuhlambalaza inkululeko kunye nokholo. Ngokwenza oko, liqeshwe kaninzi. Xa kungabikho mthethweni ukukhusela izithintelo kwiinkonzo zonqulo, kunye nokuvimbela imisebenzi esemthethweni yemibutho yonqulo, kufuneka ihlawulwe imali. Kuyafana nangoko kwimeko yeziqhelo eziqhelekileyo - mhlawumbi ama-300,000 aphezulu, okanye umvuzo / inzuzo yomntu onetyala ngenxa yexesha elingadluli kwiinyanga ezingama-24. Ngokomgaqo, abaninzi baye banikezela le milinganiselo.

Umsebenzi oyanyanzelisayo kunye nokulungisa uyenzeka. Kuphela abaye baqeshwe kaninzi xa besenza imithintelo kwimisebenzi yenkolo esemthethweni. Kwimeko yokuqala, isijeziso siphelela kwiiyure ezingama-360, kwinyanga yesibini ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12. Awona amanyathelo angundoqo, kodwa ayenzeka. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlamba kwiindawo zoluntu ezijoliswe kumasiko, isohlwayo esinikiweyo asibi kakhulu.

Omnye, kodwa umlinganiselo ongeyomgangatho wendaba yethu yanokubanjwa. Ukugxeka imvakalelo yeenkolelo (CC) inokuhlawulwa ngolu hlobo. Ukubanjwa kuya kutyunjwa kummi ukuba unokuphazamisa imisebenzi esemthethweni yemibutho yonqulo, kwaye yathintela yonke imizamo (okanye uzame ukwenza njalo) ukuqhuba amasiko. Ewe, sithetha kuphela ngamacala omthetho, akukho nto.

Ukubanjelwa kwimeko enjalo yokuphuhliswa kweziganeko ayiyi kuba yinde kakhulu-iinyanga ezintathu, lo ngumda. Ngokwenza oko, ngokuqhelekileyo umntu owayekhangekile ngenxa yokuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (uluhlu lwezohlwayo ezinokuthi sele esaziwa kuthi), uyahlawuliswa kwaye abanjwe iintsuku ezili-15. Oku kuqhelekileyo eRussia. Kunoko, isiganeko esinjalo singabizwa ngokuba ngumthetho ongenamthetho.

Indawo yesevisi

Kodwa le nqaku yeCandelo loPhulo-mthetho ayipheli apho. Into ekhoyo kukuba kukho ezinye iimeko ezihlaselayo ezihlwaywa ngokwenene. Ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (inqaku 148, i-RF Code Criminal), okanye kunoko, isithintelo esingekho mthethweni kwiziganeko zonqulo ekusebenziseni isikhundla sesikhundla-oku kunene lubugebengu obukhulu. Kwaye, njengoko kusebenza, kuboniswa kakhulu.

Umzekelo, ulungile. Akuyonto enkulu, ngoko ke ayisoloko isetyenziswe kwisenzo. Kuphelele, kuya kufuneka unike ama-ruble angama-200 000, okanye ingeniso yakho kwithuba eli-1 kunyaka. Akuninzi kakhulu, ukuba ucinga ngako. Ukunyanzeliswa, ukulungiswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi kuya kwenzeka. Amagosa abo amagosa amiselweyo atyunjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuhlawuliswa kwimeko.

Kuza kube nini eli thuba? Konke kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi obelwe. Umzekelo, unyanzelekile - iiyure ezingama-480, unyanzelekile - unyaka o-1, ulungiso lweenyanga-24. Le miqathango ithathwa njengeyona nto iphezulu, kwezinye iimeko ziyakwazi ukunciphisa ukuqonda kwenkundla. Kodwa ngokwenene oku kwenzeka kakhulu kunqabile.

Ukunyuswa kwenkululeko kunye namanye amanyathelo angaphezulu ayenzekayo. Kule meko, xa ulwaphulo luhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesikhundla esisemthethweni, kuya kufuneka ukuba "uhlale" iminyaka engama-1, kwaye iminyaka engama-2 ukulahlekelwa ilungelo lokuhlala kwizithuba ezithile kunye nezithuba (ngokuqhelekileyo zikhokela), kwakunye nokuqhuba omnye okanye omnye umsebenzi ngexesha elifanayo. Ngulo mlinganiselo (endaweni yokubanjwa) eya kusetyenziswa kumenzi wesono. Mhlawumbi, xa usebenzisa isithuba esisemthethweni ukuze ukhubekise iimvakalelo zamakholwa (icandelo leCC 148), le yimeko eqhelekileyo.

Iisongelo kunye nobundlobongela

Imeko yokugqibela enokuqwalaselwa kuphela kwinqaku lethu namhlanje liyesongelo lobundlobongela okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezi zenzo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iimeko apho uzama ngokungemthetho ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yonqulo, kunye nemisebenzi yezo mibutho.

Into ekhoyo kukuba le mpazamo, sesele sazi imilinganiselo yokuthintelwa kobugebengu obuphindaphindiweyo. Zeziphi na? Ngokuchanekileyo kufana nokusetyenziswa kwesimo esisemthethweni.

Oko kukuthi, unako ukufumana i-ruble yee-ruble ezingama-200 okanye ukuqokelela kwanoma yiyiphi inzuzo yakho esemthethweni kwiinyanga ezili-12. Ukongezelela, ukutyunjwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yoluntu-kunyanzelekile, kuyinyanzeliso kunye nokulungiswa komthetho. Ubude babo bade sele besaziwa. Le iiyure ezingama-480, iinyanga ezili-12 kunye neminyaka emi-2, ngokulandelanayo. Ukufika entolongweni (leyo, inkundla inquma) nayo inokwenzeka, ngaphezu koko, kunye nokulahlekelwa yile lungelo lokuqhuba le nto okanye loo msebenzi. Iimimiselo zisebenza kwizabasebenzi. Awukwazi ukusebenzela kuyo nayiphi na indawo, kwaye uhlala nezikhundla ezithile. Ngokwenza, ngokuqhelekileyo sikhuluma ngezikhundla zobunkokheli. Olu hlobo lwesithintelo lubekwe ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2. Kodwa "kuhlala" kuya kuba malunga nonyaka. Mhlawumbi ngaphantsi, ukuba ngaba sinjenjalo isigqibo segunya lamagosa.

Njengoko uyakubona, ukuhlambalaza iimvakalelo zamakholwa (inqaku elilawula isigwebo solwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kulo okanye kunjalo, siyazi) luphulo olunzulu. Yaye ukuba uthe wenyuka umcimbi ngokuchanekileyo, unokuhlala ukhusela amalungelo akho nenkululeko yonqulo. Ngokwenza oko, njengoko sele kuthethiwe, oku akunakwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Emva koko, bambalwa abaza kubonisa ukuba iimbono zakhe zibuhlungu ngandlela-thile.

Eyona ngxaki inkulu enokuthi zivele ngexesha lengxoxo yezomthetho - bubungqina. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ubonise ukuba lilungu lukholo ethile, andilandele ke. Kungenjalo, inqaku nje akuyi kusebenza. Kunqweneleka ukuba ezinye uhlobo amangqina akanamdla ngubani na ndiwazalise amazwi akho.

Kakade ke, lo mthetho uya kwenza; njengokuba kuthiwe, kuphela xa izithethe zonqulo kunye neziganeko, ngokunjalo nezenzo imibutho yenkolo inakanwa ezisemthethweni. Kungenjalo, ukhuselo akayi kuba nako ukufumana. Plus, musa ukusebenzisa isohlwayo enikwa ukholo, ukuba baqaphele ingozi kunye mthethweni. Umzekelo, lukaSathana. Banqula uSathana Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umthetho. Ekumelaneni iimvakalelo amakholwa (kwiSiqendu 148 of Code Criminal) alisebenzi banqula uSathana, njengoko oku "ukholo" akuvunyelwa ngokusesikweni eRashiya. Kodwa abanye zonke banelungelo nokuqhathwa imithetho Russian. Le mithetho nime kweli lizwe. Njengoko ubona, bonke nto nje kunzima njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. musa ukoyika ulikhusele njani ilungelo labo yonqulo, ukuba ke ungayoni - Eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Inkundla kufuneka sime kwicala lakho, ukuba umsebenzi wakho ayikho lomngcipheko eluntwini kwaye ngokwaneleyo, esemthethweni.