Ucalulo zamaqela ezopolitiko

Association elikhuselweyo kwezopolitiko, yinto ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loluntu. umsebenzi iqela lezopolitiko igqiba indima yalo ekuhlaleni. Yaye inani labo iphenjelelwa ngqo inqanaba lokuvuthwa kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye nezentlalo.

imidlalo ihlabathi zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye azingqinelani. Abanye ukuhlala ixesha elide elundini kwezopolitiko, abanye bukho ngomso. Omnye rhoqo kuchuma mna, ngelixa amanye amalungu kuphela nje amawaka ambalwa. Imbali edidayo zamaqela ezopolitiko, ukuqonda kwabo yohlobo nabenzululwazi kwakhokelela nkolelo nokumisa esi senzeko. Ukungena nzulu kakuhle lo mbuzo watyhila imiqondiso ezininzi ziqhelekile kwaye adale typology. Ucalulo zamaqela ezopolitiko akukho namnye. ngeyantlukwano yabo ixhomekeke koko njengenqobo na sisiseko.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlelwa amaqela ezopolitiko singaqamela kwimisebenzi yabo, iindlela zokusebenza, isiseko kwezentlalo, ideology, njalo-njalo. D.

Elinemveliso kakhulu kwaye waqonda ngokubanzi waye systematization ka Duverger. Waba kudidi lwe amaqela ezopolitiko. Kuye ngokusekelwe umbutho yobomi ngaphakathi amaqela, ngomhla umahluko kubume. Ngoko ke, zadweliswa ngokobunjani zezakhiwo, oko ichonge imibutho zilandelayo:

1. party Abasebenzi. Sisuka ngelo xesha ekuzalweni kwedemokhrasi xa ilungelo lokuvota ayizange ifumaneke kumntu wonke. Bavakalisa imidla bongxowankulu, yaye bafuna nje ukuba basebenze kangangoko kunokwenzeka ze ama kwezopolitiko, kunokuba ukwandisa izintlu zabo inani lamalungu qela. Ngokutsho amaqela ezifunda olukhoyo mgaqo ukutyumba iikomiti. Ikomiti nganye iqela esisigxina yamatsha ntliziyo abo amava esebenza noluntu. engundoqo indima yabo - ikhankasela nentlangano yayo. Bona benza kukhetho labaviwa konyulo. Phakathi kwabo iikomiti ngokuqhelekileyo bha. Amaqela eli hlobo akukho inkqubo yobhaliso, ubulungu, intlawulo eyondeleleneyo okubafaneleyo zobulungu. Le nyaniso ukuba Duverger kubabiza yabantu. Oko ezinjalo becala endala kunye melo yokuhlanganisa yaseYurophu.

2. Mass Party. Babonakala kunye nokusonjululwa bonke abemi ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba kulo nyulo. Eyona yagxila amaqela ezinjalo - imfundo inginginya, ukuyilwa bume yayo elite. Basenokuba yaququzelelwa qho indawo, kwaye kwimveliso. party Mass, ngokungafaniyo umntu, ihlala ivulekile amalungu amatsha nomdla imbonakalo yazo. Oku kuchazwe yi ubukho imibutho enjalo ngeendleko iminikelo rhoqo yamalungu ayo. Imfuneko inxaxheba kwimiba yezimali kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni eli umbutho kwenzeka phakathi lula isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya. Ukomeleza ubunye mbutho liqalise inkqubo iqela le.

imibutho yasekuhlaleni, koko, kodwa zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

- Communist;

- yobusoshiyali;

- zwilakhe.

Ubunzima kunye nabasebenzi amaqela ziyangqinelana ekhohlo ( "uyazazi") kunye nelungelo ( "impahla"). imibutho ngokungenalusini karhulumente engalawulwa ngulo mthetho, ukusukela, njengoko enobunzima, benayo kwithambeka ekunene.

Kwakhona, ukwahlulwa zibe ubunzima kunye nokuqeshwa ekwafanekisa le ukwahlulwa ibe amaqela kunye ababuthathaka kunye nombutho olomeleleyo. Unxulumano abangabantu zokwabela abaphantsi amagunya. Oku kukuvumela ukuba babele kumaqela kakubi umbutho. Zezona abasemagunyeni esembindini ayikho igunya kwiikomiti ezizimeleyo.

Izayamaniso efanayo abaninzi kukho umbutho womelele zangaphakathi.

Ngcembe yaye kwangaxeshanye, utshintsho rhoqo zentlalo kumazwe kwakhokelela into yokuba ukuhlelwa amaqela ezopolitiko, esiphakanyiswa Duverger, kungekhona nje ngcono, zincediswa kwaye yalungiswa. Sekunjalo, iyantlukwano enkulu emibonweni yabantu neenjongo kuhlala enye.