British Labour Party: ideology Wasekwa, olunomdla

UK Labour Party (LPV) yenye mabutho yezopolitiko ngempela ukuba babanga ukuba amandla e Albion. Ngokungafaniyo oyimbangi Conservative Party, iLabour Party ekuqaleni zigxile ngakumbi ekuphuculeni umgangatho yentlalo abemi balo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olupheleleyo zezepolitiki kwi UK kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa indima lombutho eluntwini. Makhe ukulandelela imbali kunye nophuhliso la mandla zezopolitiko, ngokunjalo ufumanise ekucingwa babethi yi-Labour Party.

ukuvela

I-Labour Party yasekwa ngo-1900. Noko ke, igama lokuqala oko kwakungathi Labour Committee Abamele. Xa sele ibekwe ngokwayo njengommeli sabasebenzi, simanyene nemibutho yabasebenzi, kwaye uye wafuna ukuba angenelele kumlo belawula ngelo xesha amaqela baseBritani - babebambelele kunye ekhululekile. Enye iinkokeli lombutho ukususela kwimihla yokuqala ka Ramsay MacDonald waba PPF. Yena ofisi yakhe imi indlu. Ezinye iinkokeli ezaziwayo-kakuhle baba Dzheyms Keyr Hardi, uArthur Henderson kunye Dzhordzh Izisele.

Ngowe-1906, intlangano bafumana igama layo ngoku, nto leyo IsiNgesi kubhaliweyo njengoko lezaBasebenzi Party, yaye iguqulelwe Russian njenge "lezeMisebenzi Party".

Ekuqaleni Isigaba wophuhliso

Kulonyulo lokuqala ngo-1900, nto leyo yinxenye kakhulu kutshanje wadala iqela labaviwa elinesihlanu ukuya iPalamente British namadoda amabini, nokuba mali kweli phulo, 33 kuphela uneemina.

Sele kunyulo olulandelayo ngo-1906, inani labameli oyiLabour Party ePalamente liye landa abantu 27. Inkokeli eliphikisayo yasepalamente yaba Dzheyms Hardi. Le ubunkokheli kwakuthetha kwaye zasematyotyombeni lowo, njengoko isithuba eyahlukileyo njengentloko Yabasebenzi Party yayingekabikho 1922.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ekuqaleni Labour Party kwi-UK baba ngomthunzi amaqela emithethweni futhi silinene, apho wazama ukubaleka. Noko ke, ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane lezihlalo epalamente, kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenzisane nabo ideology kufutshane melo. Le ntsebenziswano close iza kuqhubeka de 1916. Ngokwendalo, ngokubambisana kwe Enesisa Party wabelwa indima umzalwana omdala.

Phakathi kwe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngowe-1918, iLabour Party liyakwamkela charter zayo kwaye inkqubo, apho kamva yaba kwindawo yokuqala ukuba kwizikhundla umbutho kwimiba eziphambili kwezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo.

Iqembu elibusayo

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kwakukho kuqhekeka ndakukhupha Enesisa Party kunye yintshukumo yabasebenzi waqalisa ukuzuza ukwandisa ngalo mzuzu ngenxa ekukhuleni imeko ye revolution eYurophu. Kwaye ke British Labour Party weza komdlalo omkhulu, njengokuba amandla eyahlukileyo yezopolitiko.

Ngowe-1924 baba okokuqala kwimbali kukwazi ukwenza urhulumente. I-Labour Party akazange afumane isininzi epalamente, nangona kwathabatha inani irekhodi labameli iqela - abantu abali-191. Kodwa ukungavisisani babebambelele kunye benkululeko uvumelekile ukuba zenze ikhabinethi. Ngaloo ndlela ke uyaphule kubungangamsha zamaqela emithethweni futhi silinene, yathatha kangangeenkulungwane. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ezi okhuphisana eziphambili kumzabalazo amandla waqala lezaBasebenzi kunye babebambelele.

Ummeli we Labour Dzheyms Ramsey MacDonald waba Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Noko ke, ekupheleni konyaka urhulumente lezeMisebenzi, ngenxa yoxinzelelo ngamayelenqe ndawonye, ukuba balwe kuyo babebambelele kunye benkululeko, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa. Ukongeza, ngenxa ithombo sikhuphisana ekwenzeni ngonyulo ezintsha ePalamente Labour Party wavuthululwa nguSirayeli, kunye nenani labameli balo lancitshiswa kubantu 151.

Kodwa kuphela yokuqala elandelayo Death Labour yeKhabhinethi.

uhulumeni Macdonald

unyulo ngo-1929 sele, i-Labour Party okokuqala kwimbali iphumelele izihlalo ezininzi kwipalamente (iindwendwe 287) kwaye sele ufumene ilungelo kwakhona zenze lwekhabhinethi. Prime Minister of Great Britain Dzheyms Makdonald kwakhona. Kodwa ngenxa kuthotho ukusilela kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kurhulumente omtsha kwabakho kuqhekeka lezeMisebenzi Party ngokwayo. Dzheyms Makdonald baya rapprochement kunye babebambelele ukuba ngenkxaso enamandla epalamente. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ngo-1931 wayishiya iqela, wadalwa ngokuchasene kuyo i-National Labour Organization, kodwa waqhubeka yokubamba kwisikhundla sokuba yinkulumbuso de-1935, xa esi sikhundla indawo ngummeli we babebambelele.

Inkokeli entsha ye-Labour Party wayengomnye abantu ababekade bema imvelaphi yalo intshukumo - Arthur Henderson. Kodwa ke kuqhekeka iqela, kwakunye amanyundululu zezopolitiko ziye zakhokelela ekubeni kulonyulo zepalamente omtsha ngowe-1931, oko akuphumelelanga kakubi, ukuba igunya lowiso ka 52 ummeli UK.

Attlee era

Sele kunyaka ozayo njengentloko iqela Henderson endaweni Dzhordzh Lensberi, yaye eminye iminyaka emithathu - Klement Ettli. Le inkokeli Yabasebenzi Party iye yabamba isithuba ngaphezu kwakhe nawuphi na ngaphambili okanye ukusukela - engama-20. Attlee ixesha ngangosuku 1935 ukuya 1955.

Kunyulo ka-1935 iqela phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe uye akwazi ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo, ukuba ummeli ePalamente 154. Emva yokurhoxa evela Premiership Chamberlain endala ngo-1940, Attlee wakwazi ukungena uhulumeni of Winston Churchill.

I post-imfazwe uphuhliso APs

Ngenxa kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, unyulo zilandelayo zaye zabanjwa kuphela kwiminyaka eli-10 ngo-1945. Emva kwabo, iLabour Party yafumana ingxelo ngoxa 393 izihlalo epalamente. Oku kwaba ngaphezulu kwe ngokwaneleyo ukuze kwakhiwe yikhabhinethi eyayikhokelwa Klementom Ettli, ngubani wayekiswa ukuba inkulumbuso Conservative Winston Churchill baphulukana unyulo. Wezemisebenzi ayikwazanga kuphela wavuyisana kwi le mpumelelo, ekubeni uloyiso kwabo ngexesha wakhangela ngathi a ukuzwa ngokwenene.

Kufuneka ke ukuba lesithathu ukuza amandla Labour Party iye yaba nempumelelo kakhulu ngaphezu kwabo emibini edlulileyo. Ngokungafaniyo McDonald kaThixo, Attlee wakwazi ukubamba inani lemithetho ezibalulekileyo yezentlalo, zokuvelisa phantsi kwesizwe ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu, ukubuyisela uqoqosho lizwe, abethwa imfazwe. Le mpumelelo ziye negalelo yokuba unyulo ngo-1950 i-Labour Party kwakhona lubhiyozelwa uloyiso, nangona eli xesha eqhelekileyo abangakumbi zimelwe epalamente - Abantu 315.

Noko ke, iKhabhinethi Attlee abazange uloyiso nje omnye. Umgaqo-nkqubo yezimali ayiphumelelanga kwaye ukwehla esikiti kukhokelele kwinto yokuba unyulo ekhethekileyo 1951 afunyanwa yi-babebambelele ukhokelwa Winston Churchill. I-Labour Party wafumana izihlalo 295 epalamente, nangona oko kwanele ukuba aqhubeke zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo imigaqo yelizwe, ngenxa yokuba abo babebambelele kwakukho izitulo ezisixhenxe kuphela ngakumbi.

nokhetho ngo-1955 yazisa i-Labour Party ngakumbi ndaxakwa, ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zabo bafumana izihlalo 277 kuphela epalamente, i babebambelele woyisa bunamandla gqitha. Esi siganeko esinye sezizathu ukuba lo nyaka Klement Ettli warhoxa-nkqubo enkulu kwaye njengenkokeli lezeMisebenzi, yena indawo yi Hugh Gaitskell.

Imbali esilandelayo kwiqela

Noko ke, Gaitskell kwaye ingabi indawo Attlee befanelekile. I-Labour Party liya yokulahlekelwa kwayo, njengoko oko kungqinwa nokuncipha kwamanani abo epalamente emva konyulo abantu 1959 ukuya 258.

Ngowe-1963, emva kokufa Gaitskell, inkokeli lezeMisebenzi Harold Wilson waba. Yena uneminyaka engaphezu kwama ilishumi njengentloko iqela. Sele kunyaka olandelayo phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe Yabasebenzi Party uphumelele emva ikhefu kunyaka-elinesine, waphumelela unyulo yasepalamente kunye izihlalo 317, 13 ngaphezu babebambelele. Ngenxa yoko, Wilson waba ngowokuqala Labour Prime Minister Klementa Ettli emva UK.

Noko ke, ubunkokeli labaSebenzi ePalamente yaba iyaxokozela kangangokuba akazange abanike ithuba ku tiva amanyathelo asisiseko kwinkqubo. Le meko ukuba ayibambe 1966 kunyulo ekhethekileyo apho lezaBasebenzi Party iphumelele ukudilika uloyiso ezafumana izihlalo 364 epalamente, okt 111 izihlalo ngaphezu babebambelele.

Kodwa ke 70s ekuqaleni ', uqoqosho UK wabonisa amanani zamanani bakude zimbi. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kunyulo ezintsha ngowe-1970, abo babebambelele iphumelele ayinyaniso ngayo, ngokuphumelela ngaphezu kwama-50% ezihlalo epalamente, kunye lezeMisebenzi baneliswe izihlalo 288 (43.1%). Ngokwendalo, isiphumo ezi ziphumo yaba yokurhoxa ka Harold Wilson.

Babebambelele babengahlali kwizinto ezilindelweyo kuzo, yaye kunyulo olulandelayo entwasahlobo ka-1974 afunyanwa yi-Labour Party, Noko ke, yi whisker. Le nyaniso ngenkani ukuba ekwindla ka nyaka ukuqhuba unyulo okhethekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelele lezaBasebenzi Party iphumelele isininzi izinzile. Wilson iphethwe urhulumente kwakhona, kodwa hayi ngenxa yezizathu ecacileyo kakhulu, ngowe-1976, barhoxa. ezihlangwini zakhe abe yinkokeli yepati nosihlalo inkulumbuso yaba Dzheyms Kallagan.

Eliphikisayo,

Noko ke, ukuthandwa Callaghan ayikwazanga azinakulinganiswa popularity Wilson kaThixo. Elihlazo Labour Party kunyulo ngowe-1979 kwaba ngenxa yendalo yalo. Ixesha le Conservative Party, esalinikwayo amaNgesi ezinjalo abalungiseleli ezibalaseleyo yinkulumbuso ezifana Margaret Thatcher (Prime Minister uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-11 ilandelelana) kunye Dzhon Meydzhor. Le neFrance le babebambelele epalamente lweminyaka-18.

Ngeli xesha, lezeMisebenzi kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye inkcaso. Callaghan emva yokurhoxa ukusuka isithuba inkokheli yeqela ngo-1980, yaye ekhokelwa Michael Unyawo (1980-1983), Neil Kinnock (1983-1992) kunye Dzhon Smit (1992-1994).

Labour entsha

Emva kokufa Dzhona USmita ngo-1994 ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJulayi yentloko ebambeleyo yentloko qembu uMargaret Beckett, kodwa inkokeli unyulo Labour Party iphumelele yezopolitiko oselula ukuvelela Toni Bler, lowo ngelo xesha iya kuba yiminyaka-31 kuphela ubudala. Inkqubo ehlaziyiweyo iye negalelo ukuvulwa iqela 'umoya wesibini. " Ixesha kwimbali beqela, eqalela unyulo Blair nenkokeli yalo ngo-2010, ngokuthi "Labourism Entsha".

Xa iziko yenkqubo "New Labor" ekuthiwa-Indlela yesithathu, nto leyo ikwindawo iqela njengendlela eyenye capitalism kunye socialism.

ukuziphindiselela of Labour

njani ngempumelelo iqhinga okhethwe Toni Blerom, wababonisa ukhetho lwepalamente ka-1997, apho i-Labour Party okokuqala kwiminyaka eli-18 waphumelela. Kodwa nje loyiso, kodwa ngophanziso yokwenene ye babebambelele ikhokelwa ngu John Major, emva kokuba lezeMisebenzi Party iphumelele izihlalo 253 ngaphezulu. Inani lilonke abameli Yabasebenzi Party ePalamente yaba bantu 418, nto leyo irekhodi yenkonzo engakhange iqhawuke iqela. Toni Bler waba Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Kunyulo ngo-2001 yaye ngo-2005 i-Labour Party kwakhona bazuze uloyiso esima ngokubanzi, yaye esi sicatshulwa, ngokulandelelana izihlalo 413 no 356 epalamente. Kodwa nangona iziphumo ezilungileyo ngokubanzi, isiqhelo zibonise ukuhla okubonakalayo ukuthandwa of AP kubavoti. Oku akukho umlinganiselo omncinane negalelo kule nkqubo ndlongondlongo angaphandle of Labour Party ikhokelwa ngu Toni Blerom, wavakalisa, ingakumbi, kwinkxaso esebenzayo yamajoni ngoncedo American e-Iraq, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba iziqhushumbisi lwaseYugoslavia.

Ngo-2007, Toni Bler wayeka, yaye njengoko yinkokeli yepati kwaye inkulumbuso wakhululana uGordon Brown. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho yokuqala yepalamente emva yokurhoxa Blair, owenzeka ngo-2010, yaba ukoyiswa yoMbutho Party kunye uloyiso ngayo abo babebambelele, ikhokelwa ngu- David Cameron. Le result negalelo yokuba uGordon Brown likhuphe kuphela Premiership, kodwa washiya isigxina inkokheli yeqela.

modernity

Kumzabalazo isithuba zentloko of Labour Party ngo-2010 waphumelela yi Ed Miliband. Kodwa ke ngokoyiswa iqela kulonyulo zepalamente-2015, apho wabonisa nokuba ngaphantsi ekholisa japan ngaphezu ngexesha lokugqibela, uMnu Miliband kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa.

Kungoku nje intloko Nachaphazelekayo yi Dzheremi Korbin, owathi, ngokungafaniyo Blair and Brown, ngummeli we iphiko lasekhohlo iqela. Ngelo xesha, owayekwabizwa ngokuba ngowelinye iqela le Iraq imfazwe.

Evolution of emibonweni

Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, le ngcinga lezoBudlelwane Party unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni, oko ingqalelo zabasebenzi kunye nemanyano yabasebenzi intshukumo, ekuhambeni kwexesha ngakumbi nangakumbi ithathe izinto nkulu, ngaloo ndlela sifudukele kwindawo ideologically nembangi lwakhe olungunaphakade - Conservative Party. Noko ke, impumelelo ubulungisa kwezentlalo kweli lizwe isoloko zibandakanyiwe eziphambili zeqela. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Union Labour party ne ndawonye kunye nezinye kwemisinga ashiywe obukhulu.

Labour kukonke ideology ingachazwa wedemokhrasi lwentlalo.

amathuba

Kwizicwangciso elandelayo Labour Party yanqoba kunyulo zepalamente ecaleni kuqhutywa ngo-2020. Kakade ke, ukuze baphumeze oko bekuya kuba nzima kakhulu, banikwa ilahleko yangoku sympathies lonyulo ukuya epatini, kodwa ixesha ukutshintsha izimvo umvoti ngokwaneleyo.

Dzheremi Korbin uceba ukufumana abavoti umusa ngokubuyela kwiimbono ekhohlo-iphiko, nto leyo ekuqaleni ezendeleyo imithetho iLabour Party.