Icawa yaseAntiyoki: imbali, urhulumente wamanje

Okwangoku, i-Orthodoxy yehlabathi iquka iicawa ezili-15 ezizimeleyo (ezizimeleyo). Phakathi kwabo, ngokweendlela ezamkelwe kwi- Orthodox yaseCroatia ye- Orthodox Church -umyalelo wokukhunjulwa kwe-liturgy kubafundisi babo, indawo yesithathu ihlala kwiCawa yase-Antiochian, enye yeyona ndlela indala kwihlabathi. Imbali yakhe kunye neengxaki zobomi banamhlanje ziya kuba yintetho yethu kwingxoxo.

Ifa labapostile abaNgcwele

Ngokomxholo, wasungulwa ngo-37 ngabapostile abangcwele uPetros noPawulos, abaye ba tyelela isixeko sase-Antiyokwe, esasemimandla yeSiriya yamandulo. Namhlanje kuthiwa yi-Antakya kwaye inxalenye yeTurkey yanamhlanje. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwakukho kwesi sixeko ukuba abalandeli bakaYesu Kristu babebizwa ngokuba ngamaKristu kuqala. Oku kuboniswa yimigca yesahluko se-11 seTestamente eNtsha yeZenzo zabaPostile.

NjengamaKristu onke enkulungwane yokuqala, amalungu eBandla laseAntiyoke emva kokuba isiseko sawo sithatyathwa kakubi yiNtlanga. Ukuphela kwafakwa kuphela ngabalawuli ababambisene noBukumkani baseRoma - abalawuli bamaConstantine Omkhulu kunye neLisini, ngo-313, ngesigqibo esikhethekileyo babhalisa inkululeko yonqulo kuzo zonke iindawo eziphantsi kwazo, kuquka neAntiyokwe.

Ama-monks-ascetics yokuqala kunye nokuqala kobukhokho

Kuyaziwa ukuba emva kweCawa yaseAntiyokwe yaphuma phantsi komhlaba, i-monasticism yayisasazeka kuyo, okwakusoloko kwakusenkonzweni entsha kwaye yayikho kuphela eYiputa. Kodwa, ngokungafani neendwendwe zeNayile yaseNayile, abazalwana babo baseSiriya babangela indlela yokuphila engavaliwe kwaye ihlukaniswe. Imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo yayiquka umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli kunye nothando.

Lo mfanekiso ushintshile kakhulu kwikhulu leminyaka ezayo, xa i-galaxy yonke yeembali zembali zangena kwimbali yecawa, iququzelela lolu hlobo lwe-ascetic feat, njenge-pandemonium. Iimonki, ezidumileyo ngale ndlela, ixesha elide zenza umthandazo oqhubekayo, ukhetha njengendawo evulekileyo yentonga, insika okanye itye eliphakamileyo. Umsunguli wale ntshukumo ngumnumzane waseSiriya, ulungelelaniswe ebusweni bukaMfundisi, uSimon Stylite.

Icawa yama-Orthodox ye-Antiochian ingomnye wabadala abaPatriatriates, oko kukuthi, iicawa ezizimeleyo zengingqi ezikhokelwa ngubo. Umbonisi walo wokuqala wayengumbhishophu uMaxim, owanyuka ngo-451 waya kwitrone yesizwe, owahlala enamandla iminyaka emihlanu.

Ukungqubuzana kwezeMfundiso ezibangele ukwahlukana

Ngexesha le-V ne-VII leminyaka, iBandla laseAntiyoke lafumana ithuba lokulwa phakathi kwabo babameli beendlela ezimbini ezichasene nezobufundisi. Elinye iqela lalingabalandeli bemfundiso yombini owenziwe nguYesu Kristu, ubungcwele bakhe kunye nobutyebi bomntu, abangenakuzibandakanya kunye nohlukileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-dyophysites.

Abachasi babo, iMyafisite, babenombono ohlukileyo. Ngokombono wabo, uhlobo lukaYesu Kristu lwalunye, kodwa luququzelelwe kuye uThixo kunye nomntu. Le ngcamango yachithwa kwaye yaqatshelwa njengecawa kwiBhunga likaCalcedon ngo-451. Nangona ixhaswa nguMbusi uJustus I, owayelawula ngaloo minyaka, abaxhasayo imfundiso kaMyafisite ekugqibeleni bakwazi ukuhlanganisa kunye nokuphumelela kwicala labo ininzi yabemi baseSiriya. Ngenxa yoko, i-patriarchate efana nayo yenziwa, eyayiba yiSonto lama-Orthodox yaseSiriya. Usengummiafisite, kwaye abachasene naye babeyingxenye yecawa yamaGrike.

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwama-Arabhu

Ngomhla ka-Meyi 637, iSiriya yayithathwa ngama-Arabhu, eyayiyintlekele ngokwenene kwimiphakathi yamaGrike-Orthodox ehlala kuyo. Imeko yabo yabe yongcipheko ngenxa yokuba abawunqobi babonayo kungekhona nje kuphela abangakholwayo, kodwa nabo banokubambisana nabo banokubakho intshaba enkulu, iByzantium.

Ngenxa yoko, abaPatriliyo baseAntiyokwe, beqala eMakedoni, abaye bashiya ilizwe ngo-638, baphoqeleka ukuba bathumele isebe labo eConstantinople, kodwa emva kokufa kukaGeorge ngo-702, u-patriarchate akayekanga. Ibandla laseAntiyokwe laphinde laba ngumongameli wayo emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane, xa uKhaliph Hisham owayelawula ngaloo minyaka wanika imvume yokunyula uotsharha omtsha, kodwa ngelo xesha waqalisa ukulawula ngokunyanisekileyo ukunyaniseka kwakhe.

Ukuhlasela kweeTurkey zaseSeljuk kunye nokuhlasela kwamaKreseli

Ngenkulungwane ye-XI, iAntiyokwe yaxhomekeka ngokutsha kweentshaba. Ngelo xesha babeyi-Seljuk Turks - enye yamasebe aseNtshona Koloni, ebizwa ngokuba ngumholi wayo uSeldzhuk. Nangona kunjalo, abazange bazimisele ukubamba ukunqoba kwabo ixesha elide, kuba sele sele beneminyaka engama-12 baxoshwa yi-Crusaders ebonakala kule ndawo. Kwakhona, iBandla laseAntiyokwe lanyanzeliswa ukuba linyamezele amaxesha anzima kunalo, njengoko lawela phantsi kolawulo lwa maKatolika, apho yonke indawo yayilinga ukubeka ukulawula ukuvuma kwabo.

Kule nto, baxoshwa nguMphathiswa omkhulu uJohn, owaye walawula ngelo xesha, kwaye i-prelate yaseRoma uBernard yafakwa kwindawo yakhe. Kungekudala bonke ababhishophu bamaOthodoki kwimimandla eyayingaphantsi kolawulo lwabaMkhosi baKhuseli bathatyathwa ngabaphathi bamaKatolika. Kule nkalo, iSebe le-Orthodox laseAntocoki laphinde lafudukela eConstantinople, apho kwada kwafika ngo-1261, xa isikhundla sama-European conquestors sancinci kakhulu.

Ukufudukela eDamasko kunye nejoka lase-Ottoman

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka yeshumi elinesithathu, abaxoshelwa kwintolongo baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye impahla yabo yokugqibela eMpuma, kodwa ngeli xesha ama-Orthodox, ayeneminyaka engamakhulu amabini edlulileyo ihafu yesigidi sabemi baseSiriya, ayedla ngokutshabalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayenziwe kuphela amaqela amancinane. Ngowe-1342, iSebe le-Patriarchal yeCawa laseAntiyoki lafudukela eDamasko. Kukho ikhoyo namhlanje. Oku kukuthi, ngendlela, impendulo kumbuzo ohlala wabuzwa malunga neCawa yaseAntiyoki namhlanje.

Ngomnyaka we-1517, iSiriya yafunyanwa nguMbuso wase-Ottoman, kwaye ngenxa yoko, uMphathiswa omkhulu wase-Antiyokwe wayephantsi komzalwana wakhe waseConstantinopolitan. Isizathu sokuba i-Byzantium yayisakuba phantsi kolawulo lwaseTurkey, kwaye uMphathiswa weConstantinople wayenomdla othile. Nangona icawa yeOthodoki yayininzi neentlawulo ezibalulekileyo, kwakungekho nto eyayiba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zayo zefowuni kunye nefayile. Kukho akukho mzamo wokubanyanzelisa ukuba u-Islamize.

Ixesha elidlulileyo kunye nelikhoyo

Ngeli xesha la namhlanje, iBandla laseAntiyoke lalinomdla weRashiya karhulumente. Kwakuye ngenkxaso yakhe ngo-1899 ukuba i-Orthodox Patriarch Meletios (Dumani) ithatha itrone yobukhosi. Isithethe sokukhetha ama-Arabhu kule ndawo sihlala nanamhlanje. Kamva, uNicholas ndayinika ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibandla ngeemali zemali.

Namhlanje, iCawa yama-Orthodox yaseAntocoki, ehamba ngekhulu elinamanci mathandathu anesibhozo ngu-patriarch uJohn X (Yaziji), iquka i-dioceses amabini anamabini anesibini, kunye nenani labafundisi, ngokweengqungquthela ezahlukahlukeneyo, zihluka phakathi kwezigidi ezimbini zabantu. Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, indawo yokuhlala yendlu yobukho ihlala eDamasko.

Ingxabano yeCawa eMbindi Mpuma

Ngo-2013, kwakukho ukungqubana phakathi kwamabandla amabini endala kwihlabathi. Isizathu salo sasingavumelani ngokubhekiselele kumalungelo kwi-Confessional presence e Qatar. I-Antiochian Patriarch John X yavakalisa ukunganeliseki kunye nomlingani wakhe waseYerusalem ngamabango akhe kwi-diocese kule mfundiso yeMpuma Mpuma. Ufumene impendulo ngolu hlobo olungenakunyamezela izichaso. Ukususela ngoko, ingxabano phakathi kweYerusalem kunye ne-Antiokia zecawa ziye zazingqongqo kangangokuba kwanxibelelwano lwama-Eucharisti (ityala) lwaphazamiseka phakathi kwabo.

Imeko enjalo, yebo, iwonakalisa intembeko kunye nobunye behlabathi lama-Orthodoxy. Kule nkalo, ubunkokheli bobuPhathiswa boMoscow babuye bavakalisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ithemba lokuba iicawa zaseAntiyoki naseYerusalem ziya kukwazi ukunqoba ukungafani kwaye zifumane isisombululo esamkelekileyo.

Ukwenqaba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiBhunga lama-Ecumenical

Kulo nyaka, ukususela ngoJuni 18 ukuya ku-26, i-All-Orthodox (i-Ecumenical) yaseKrete yayibanjwe eKrete . Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeke ngaphandle kweemasonto ezine zendawo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, zigatye isimemo sokuba bathathe inxaxheba. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho iBandla laseAntiyokwe. I-All Orthodox Council yalungiselelwa kwingqungquthela yeengxoxo ezivuthayo kwimicimbi emininzi eyabangela ukungavumelani phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba.

Kodwa ngenxa yesigxina esinexesha elide kunye neqela elenziwe ngabameli beecawa, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Oku, ngokukodwa, sizathu sokwenqaba kweCawa yaseAntiyokwe evela kwintlanganiso. Kwachazwa kwingxelo yommeli weSebe labo leSododal, elavakala ngoMeyi kulo nyaka. Isigqibo esifanayo senziwa yinkonzo yeeBrithani, isiGeorgia neyeRashiya zee-Orthodox.