Yintoni ukubona e Kaliningrad? Museums, ezikhumbuzo, imbali, iifoto

Ukuba uthi eKaliningrad - iziko Russian eyayigquba zolawulo kunye ikomkhulu kowona mmandla wasentshona kwilizwe lethu - ukuba kunjani ukuba akukho nto. Esi sixeko sibizwa ngokuba window eYurophu, kodwa loo nto bonke. Anegunya magazini "IKOMMERSANT", efikelela kuyo simo yonyaka yezixeko ilungileyo Russia, eKaliningrad iye yanikezelwa kwindawo yokuqala kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo. Ngokutsho le ncwadi Forbes, zezona iimeko kakhulu kweli lizwe ukwenza ishishini. Kwakhona iKomiti igama isixeko eliligugu Kaliningrad Russia. Yintoni na ngoko nomtsalane kubakhenkethi? Andiqondi ukuba andiphazami ukuba ndithe kwindodana leyo elinomtsalane olukhethekeliyo isixeko unika umxube benkcubeko - Yurophu Western kunye Slavic. Eli nqaku ngamagqabantshintshi oko ukubona eKaliningrad kunye nakummandla iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukufumana apho

Abaninzi abafuna ukuyibona Amber ekupheleni yokoyika ukuba ngingqi eyayigquba. Oko kukuthi, akukho umda mhlaba ne-Russia. Ukusuka emantla nasempuma ngayo imingcele Lithuania nakumzantsi - kunye Poland. Ngoko ke, kukho umbuzo malunga ebusweni ipaspoti babakhenkethi, nkqu kunye visa. Kodwa usebenza kuphela kwabo iimeko apho uhambela ngololiwe, ibhasi okanye imoto yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iihambo ngomoya yokundwendwela ingafuneki; ngenxa yokuba ihamba ngaphakathi kwilizwe labo. Kwaye musa ukulibala ukuba entshona eKaliningrad, iifoto apho wena mhlawumbi ukubonwa iipowusta, owayamene kuLwandle lweBaltic. Oku kwenza kube lula ukufumana elunxwemeni Amber phezu kwamanzi. Unako ukuthatha uhambo umdla phezu inqanawa "Georg Ots" ukusuka St. Petersburg okanye ukuqubha xa kukho umkhweli wokuweza elula. Kwingingqi eKaliningrad, baseRashiya amaninzi musa ukuya kubona izinto ozibonayo ukuba bathenge iimoto. ukhenketho ivenkile Loo kwavula umkhondo in Lithuanian Embassy. Thatha visa transit baye eyayigquba Russian ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

Ekwahlukaneni kweendlela,

Lo mzi waba amagama amaninzi: Tuvangste, Königsberg, Krulevets, Kunnengsgarbs, Knigsberg, Karaliautsius yaye ekugqibeleni, Kaliningrad. Imbali isixeko lisukela emva zamaXesha Aphakathi. Kanye kolu eArabha, ngasechwebeni lomlambo Pregel, ezo iindawo zokuhlala ezintathu Prussia. Abemi ikakhulukazi abazibandakanya zokuloba intlanzi yityuwa. Ngowe-1255 leTeutonic Knights yakhiwe kufutshane kwilali - Tuvangste - inqaba enamandla. Akamsalisela wabizwa Koenigsberg imbeko uKumkani eBohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Kamva igama kwalutyhutyha lonke buhlanganiswe kunye kwiidolophana ekulotywa kuzo. Wazi abantu bayazibuza German: emva zonke, Königsberg ethetha ngokoqobo "entabeni basebukhosini ', wambiza linonxweme eliphantsi Pregel alinge. Kodwa simele sikhumbule ukuba igama inqaba wanika Prussians imvelaphi zwe. Le etymology kwegama ndawo, abaphandi ezininzi ezinxulumene igama "Royal Beach". Njengoko umzi leTeutonic Knights weza impumelelo kwezoqoqosho, ke wayengaziwa kuphela abamelwane elikufutshane. Bona liguqulelwe igama Königsberg ngeelwimi zabo. On Iimephu ubudala Russian ngexesha uPetros Enkulu, yena lubalwa Korolevets. Ngexesha Second World War, Königsberg yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo amabutho yiSoviet. Abakhululi ukuba kwamnika ngcono ngapha, negama lomzi wafika kwenye. NgoJulayi 4, 1946, Königsberg labizwa Kaliningrad. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kukhunjulwe oziphethe eSoviet. Oko kukuthi, uMikhail esibizwa. Ukususela ngoko, esi sixeko uhlala phantsi igama elitsha.

Ntoni ukuze abone e eKaliningrad iiyure eziliqela

Koenigsberg yamandulo shot ngonaphakade. Bendawo bathi bona ngokwabo wabadlali zonke iindawo esixekweni. Kodwa xa kufika usuku, yaye mandikunike nje ezimbalwa iiyure - akukho ngxaki. ukhenketho City ziya kukuvumela ukuba ubone izinto eziphambili kwaye bafunde iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngembali inqaba Königsberg kunye Amber Coast. Kwaye ke unako ukuhamba emimangweni yakho oyithandayo ukwenza izithonga nezisemaphandleni, enyuka ukuphumla ngokusebenzisa Altstadt - Old Town. Kuyo uya kufumana pubs ezininzi cafes, iivenkile kunye ezivenkileni. Ukuba uzive umoya yala Europe, musa ukukhanyela wena umlawuli angxamele ikomityi yeti kunye ehla yasekuhlaleni okumnandi kwi confectionery endala. A isidlo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka Königsberg klopsami - ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, wena akunguye imifino. Emva koko kufuneka uye kant kwisiqithi phezu ibhulorho abathandi, ngokupheleleyo axhonywe kunye iphumele. A bathabathe nabo ibe ibhokisi sitampu kufuneka marzipan. Ezi mveliso almond - izinto ezizodwa komzi Kaliningrad.

Museum Night, okanye xa kufika

Esi sixeko iimyuziyam ezininzi, yaye abanye babo, ngathi Amber Museum, iilwandle yeli hlabathi, aze inkwili B-413, ezikhethekileyo ngokwenene. iprojekthi le eKaliningrad Museum Night yasungulwa ngo-2006. Ukususela ngoko, wonke unyaka-veki ezithile zonke iintlafuno inkcubeko komzi iindwendwe ivula iingcango zalo iindwendwe umsebenzi imini nobusuku. Esi siganeko kunye eekonsathi esitratweni, imiboniso, imidlalo kumabala emidlalo kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi nembali kwakhona enactors-. Ngowe-2014, lo Night Museum yabanjwa ngomhla ngoMeyi 16-17. Ngoko ke izicwangciso kwixesha elizayo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ugxalathelwano kwabatyeleli, kuyimfuneko ukuba babhukishe ehotele kwangaphambili okanye ukuqeshisa endlini irente. Kaloku, ngaphandle eKaliningrad Museum Night, lo mzi kuhle ukuba atyelele kwelo entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Weather emehlweni usuku entle, ngongcwalazi emva kwexesha. In eKaliningrad abanye, iziganeko akukho umdla ngaphantsi. Umzekelo, i-International Jazz Festival. Ihlobo - ixesha ogqibeleleyo ukuhlola imibombo ka eKaliningrad kunye mmandla. Kholwani ndim, uhlobo elingasemntla Curonian Mothers na uyathandeka, nobuninzi iinqaba kwisithili balukuhlwe nje.

Imbali ye nqaba

Yintoni ukubona eKaliningrad kwindawo yokuqala? Ngokuqinisekileyo ngokwaneleyo, inqaba. Le akamsalisela nje akunakwenzeka ukuphoswa, ukusuka andishiye kwindawo yayo omnye - isikwere central. Le nto, kunokuthiwa ngalo, intliziyo mzi. Ukuba akunjalo naye, mhlawumbi kuya kubakho kunye eKaliningrad, yaye apho kuya kubakho kwiilali ezintathu zokuloba. Kwathatha Knights ukuya iimonki kule lalikunxweme? Inyaniso kukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII, solo ihlalwa nabahedeni. Pope ibhengeze yenkolo ezweni, ukuba atshintshele ukholo yamaKatolika le Prussians. YobuKristu abantu Aboriginal basekuhlaleni benze lendela Knights Templar Order, nemali kwi emkhosini ngemali nguKumkani eBohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Imbeko enqabeni yakhe, nto leyo yakhiwa ngo-1255, wambiza Koenigsberg. Ekuqaleni, yayenziwe ngamaplanga. Kodwa rhoqo yakhiwa ukugcina ubuchule yokuzithethelela. Ngapha koko, ngakumbi nangakumbi lugqibelele izixhobo. Ngenxa emifanekisweni eziliqela wabonakala kwinqaba iShushan enamandla. Ukongeza, kufuphi nesixeko iinqaba kwakhiwa yokuvimba utshaba kwangaphambili kunokwenzeka ukuba Koenigsberg. Apha yayigcinwa ingqokelela mizobo abaculi zaseYurophu, ingqokelela imveliso yephondo kunye Stars, imyuziyam zakudala owawusebenza. Apha yaba ngexesha lokugqibela lokuba abantu bakwazi ukubona odumileyo Amber Room, leyo yanyamalala ngexesha lemfazwe. Kwakhululwa le nqaba isixeko yena buhlungu kakhulu, yaye ngowe-1969 kumabhodlo nophondo kwaye ngabunye. Ke kaloku kukho eziqhutywa ngabembi bezinto, yaye ubonwa ngamehlo sinendawo ekhethekileyo lixhotyiswe abakhenkethi.

Castle nemizana

Ukuze isigqibo ukubona eKaliningrad kwakhona apho ukuya phambili, kufuneka ulumkele indima edlalwe yi isixeko enqabeni njalo. Phantsi komthunzi yoMyalelo Templar, zontathu ezi lali baqalisa nampumelelo. Baye ngokuthe ngcembe wanika amalungelo isixeko (ngo-1286, 1300 no 1327 kwiminyaka.) Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIV Altstadt, Neustadt kunye Kneiphof ukuhlanganiswa, Königsberg wajoyina i okhawulezileyo हायपरटेक्स्ट League (analogue kweNkalo yangoku Free Trade). Ngenkulungwane XV, impumelelo kwezoqoqosho lifikelele kwinqanaba kangangokuba lidlulise indawo yakhe apha Mfundisi Grand Order leTeutonic. Ngenkulungwane XVI, Albrecht Hohenzollern wenza Lobuthixo ibe duchy yehlabathi. De 1675, oko ekhonza of Poland. Icandelo layo kwinkulungwane XVIII, akubunjwanga ubukumkani eyahlukileyo Prussia. ntoni le ngalinye wasentshona baya njani isimo sethu? Kude 1945 Koenigsberg lo mmandla wawuyinxalenye eJamani njengoko iphondo East Prussia. Emva kwemfazwe, ngokutsho isigqibo kwinkomfa Potsdam, le ndawo yonke iye ligqithiselwe eSoviet Union, kunye nonyaka kamva le dolophu owathiywa igama Kaliningrad.

Cathedral

Njengoko ubona, idolophu kunye nqaba baba amaqhina kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho engenakususwa. A isimboli koyisa yokholo yamaRoma Katolika yaba Cathedral, leyo ngoku buyifanele Kaliningrad. Amafoto ongengowale ndalo onobungangamsha ubona apha. Yena wabeka isiseko yecawa, uBhishophu Johannes Clara ngo-1333. Itempile, elingcwele, Virgin Mary St Adalbert, sakhiwa siqithi Kneiphof (ngoku Kant), malunga nesiqingatha senkulungwane. Uyilo yokwakha lwesakhiwo ilawula kumntla Gothic, nangona ekuqaleni oko wakhawulwa njengenxenye iinqaba. Oku kungqinwa enamandla wamatye kodonga osempuma eziimitha ezintathu ubukhulu. Ukuze le ndlu yecawa phambi banawo Episcopal Palace kunye leenkedama. Eli bhotwe sakhiwa kunye iinkosi kwe Luther von Braunschweig kunye Vinrihe Kniprode imvelaphi, ngokunjalo izihlandlo le Duchy, xa isakhiwo efumaneke iimpawu Northern Renaissance. Xa University Albertina (1544) yasekwa ngo-Königsberg, zonke oonjingalwazi baqalisa ukuba ilungelo angangcwatywa ezindongeni Cathedral. Famous sobulumko Immanuel Kant yaba wokugqibela, ogama uthuthu kuphumla 1804 kwi sarcophagus zelitye lenyengane abamnyama, engqongwe imiqolo elinambini. Kananjalo apha engcwabeni Duke Albrecht kunye nentsapho yakhe. Ukubuyisa imfazwe itempile wonakala yaqala ngo-1990 kwaye kuyaqhubeka unanamhla. Ngoku isakhiwo yecawa ukuqhuba iinkonzo Orthodox namaProtestanti.

emzaneni Fishing

Yintoni ukubona eKaliningrad umdla kodwa? Msinyane nje wena phezu Kant siqithi, chu ecaleni indawo yokuhamba-hamba, ancome isakhiwo zelo University, kunye umnqamlezo adjustable lwenbhulorho ngaphesheya komlambo. Uya kuthathwa kwilali lokuloba eyakhelwe-2006 kwisiza yeendawo zokuhlala endala waseJamani. izindlu Half-ngamaplanga nophahla magumbi ukunika le fomu ezimbaxa kwisuntswana "Little Europe". iivenkile Apha elise, zentselo intlanzi, uqoqo umlindi "Mayak" nkqu ihotele "sikhundla". izitrato Village ahonjiswe enezikhanyiso zothando, izitulo bekhululekile, imifanekiso umdla. Akukho kumtshato emzini lugqityiwe ngaphandle ihlumelo ifoto kule kwikona mavoko. Ehlotyeni evela Marina Station River katerki uhambo on Pregel. Ukushiya Village Fishing, saya ukuphonononga eminye zesikhumbuzo. EKaliningrad - isixeko mihla, kodwa baqhayise yalondolozwa amasango yamandulo. Enyanisweni, ezi kumasango ezinqatyisiweyo ukuya Königsberg ubudala eziliqela. Kodwa okubaluleke selo awayebalasele le dolophu kwiSango Brandenburg. yokuvelela yabo ixhomekeke yokuba basaqhubekeka ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Isango Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso wabaza wabaHlaziyi kunye namanani zomkhosi. Bona igama ngenxa wema ngaphambili kwi indlela ekhokelela enqabeni kwegama elifanayo.

olondolozo lwembali

Yiyiphi enye into kwi Königsberg (ngoku eKaliningrad) ezinika ubudala? Amber Museum phezu emilebeni wonke. Le ukwakweli ngakuLwandle Ephakamileyo, kumbindi wesixeko. Ukutyelela yomboniso wakhe, unako ukufunda nje kuphela idipozithi inkulu ehlabathini yegolide evuthiweyo, kodwa bona a lot of gizmos elimangalisayo 'ilitye kwelanga ". Neengcibi eminyaka yoncutshe unyango lwe intlaka lukhuni imithi ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, yaye oku inokubonwa ngokujonga na izacholo evenkileni okanye isipho ivenkile. World Ocean Museum e Kaliningrad, kakhulu, wahlukile. Yiyo lo mboniso kuphela eRashiya, marinistike yokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo. Le myuziyam wavulwa ngowe-1990, yaye ukususela ngoko, ukuqokelelwa yakhe zezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye neentyatyambo ke othe rhoqo.

EKaliningrad Art Gallery abayiqokeleleyo kwiiholo yabo imisebenzi ngaphezu alishumi lamawaka imikrolo, ukupeyinta, kunye nezinto zobugcisa nokuhombisa. Königsberg Zoo uthathwa omdala eRashiya. Kuye kwavulwa 1896 yi van'wankumi waseJamani UHerman Klaas. Ngelo xesha, ukuqokelelwa yayiquka izilwanyana 900 kunye neentlobo-260 zeentaka. Ukuze engaphezu kwenkulungwane ubukho eli sesichengeni zoo sele landa. I-museum "inkwili" kwi eKaliningrad unolwazi kuphuhliso yomkhosi wamanzi kwilizwe lethu. Ngwenya B-413 ngo-1997 yaye kuyekiswa ngokusesikweni kwaye ajikwa imyuziyam. Königsberg njalo ngokuba sisixeko inqaba. iinqaba zayo enamandla zaphawula ezahlukeneyo ngoku yaba imyuziyam. Uyakwazi ukuhamba hamba namadlelo eKaliningrad ubone iOfele ukuba kanye sinamafu indlela eya utshaba esixekweni. Zabo elinesixhenxe, kodwa ukufumana injezu, kwi ngokwaneleyo ubuncinane ukuya kutyelela omnye. Königsberg waba kwindawo izimpi ngexesha Second World War. Malunga iziganeko etha Imiboniso museum "amaphenyane", "iposi Umyalelo nombolo 43," Amabali BBB, "Fort inombolo 5".

I Curonian Mothers

Ukuba sele isigqibo umbuzo wokuba yintoni ukuzijonga eKaliningrad umdla, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuya ngaphaya kwemida yesixeko. Kwisithili ezininzi iinqaba zamaxesha, wasishiya ifa Teutons empini. Ayikwazi ngoyaba uhlobo elimangalisayo Curonian Mothers kunye ehlathini lentsimi yayo ngokungqungqa ezizodwa. Ngesiquphe, imithi baqala begoba. Isizathu sokuba ukuziphatha okunjalo yehlathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho nanye oosonzululwazi akuziphelisi. Le usingasiqithi sandy of iindunduma zentlabathi nokuba zifakwe kuluhlu UNESCO. National Park kwavulwa kummandla wamtshicela.