Ubomi Personal kunye ngobomi Tsiolkovskogo Konstantina Eduardovicha. Mpumelelo kwasungulwa Tsiolkovskii

Biography of Tsiolkovsky umdla nje kuphela ngokwemigaqo kwempumelelo, nangona oku Isazinzulu enkulu kakhulu. Tsiolkovsky yaziwa ukuba abaninzi umbhekisi phambili lokuqala rocket imodeli, nako ukubhabha emajukujukwini. Ukongeza, yena sisazinzulu sehotele endle aeroastronavtiki, ezihamba kunye Aeronautics. Le inzululwazi space sokuba ludumo yehlabathi. Biography of Tsiolkovsky ngumzekelo nokunyamezela. Nkqu meko zinzima, a swi nga wala ukuba baqhubeke nomsebenzi yenzululwazi.

Origin, ebuntwaneni

Tsiolkovskiy uKonstantin Eduardovich (iminyaka yobomi - 1857-1935) wazalwa ngomhla we 09/17/1857 e Ryazan, kwidolophana Izhevsk. Noko ke, yena waphila ixesha elide kakhulu. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-3 ubudala, e Ignatievitch Edward, uyise nzulu, neenzima inkonzo iqale. Ngenxa yoko, intsapho Tsiolkovsky washukumisela ngo-1860 e-Ryazan.

Umama wenza lokuqala ukusekwa uConstantine kunye nabazalwana bakhe. Yaba yena bamfundisa ukufunda nokubhala, kwakunye simazi kakuhle iziseko arithmetic. "Tales" Aleksandra afanaseva - incwadi apho wafunda ukufunda Tsiolkovsky. unina wamfundisa unyana wakhe alfabhethi kuphela kwaye kwakha amagama iileta, thelekelwayo ngokwakhe Kostya.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, wabona umkhuhlane emva sledding kunye nomkhuhlane obubomvu. Esi sifo kwingxaki, nto leyo yakhokelela ekulahlekelweni wokuva uKonstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Deaf Constantine akazange ithemba, musa waphelelwa ngumdla ebomini. Yaba ngeli xesha waqala ukufumana ukuzibandakanya nangobungcibi. Tsiolkovsky wayemthanda ekwenzeni iphepha amanani ezahlukeneyo.

Edward Ignatievich ngo-1868 kwakhona baphelelwe umsebenzi. Intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Vyatka. Apha, abazalwana wamnceda Edward ukufumana umsebenzi omtsha.

WeMfundo yokwenza umthambo, ukufa umntakwabo nonina

Constantine, kunye Ignatius, umninawa wakhe, waba isifundo iinkunzi Vyatka yokujima ngo-1869. Ubunzima obukhulu, ukuba wanikwa uqeqesho - kwakukho izifundo ezininzi, yaye ootitshala engqongqo. Ukongeza, kanye ukungeva kuthintele lo mfana. Lo nyaka akubona ukufa umntakwabo nguDmitry wakhe omdala uConstantine. Yena wavuthulula intsapho iphela, kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - unina, uMaria Ivanovna (ifoto yakhe echazwe ngentla), nto leyo wayeyoliswa kakhulu amathambo. Ngowe-1870, yena ngesiquphe waza wafa.

ukufa umama kothusa inkwenkwe. Kwaye phambi kokuba oko yakulazi kakhulu Ziolkowski waqalisa ukufunda ngakumbi. Waba wayibona va ukungeva kwabo, ngenxa eyaba ngakumbi nakakhulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Tsiolkovsky badla kohlwaywa ngenxa ezihlekisayo bakhe, wada wangena kule elipholileyo. UConstantine waba ngomnyaka wesibini kwibakala yesibini. Emva koko, udidi lwesithathu (ngo-1873), ukuba agxothwe. Okuninzi Tsiolkovsky ndawo bangaze bafunda. Ukususela ngelo xesha, wasebenza ngokuzimeleyo.

imfundo-self

Naso xa Tsiolkovsky wafumana ubizo lwenene. Lo mfana yaqala ukufumana imfundo ngokwabo. Iincwadi, ngokungafaniyo utitshala kolwimi lo, ngesisa ukwahlulahlula ulwazi Tsiolkovsky bangaze bagxeka. Ke uConstantine wajoyina ubuchule lwenzululwazi nobugcisa. Tsiolkovsky wadala lathe ekhaya, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla.

Ubomi eMoscow

Edward Ignatievich ukukholelwa isakhono unyana wakhe, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye eMoscow, ngoko wabhalisa kwiSikolo of Engineering (ngoku MSTU. Bauman). Oku kwenzeka ngoJulayi 1873. Kodwa Kostya esikolweni kwaye wenze ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo. Waqhubeka Tutor eMoscow. Tsiolkovsky bahlala kakubi kakhulu, kodwa ke ukuzondelela ulwazi. Ayichitha izixhobo kunye neencwadi njengabathunyiweyo nguye uyise yemali oyigcina.

Lo mfana wahamba yonke imihla Chertkovsky kwilayibrari karhulumente, apho ndafundela ezenzululwazi. Apha wadibana Nikolaem Fedorovichem Fedorovym, umseki cosmism Russian. Le ndoda indawo uConstantine oonjingalwazi eyunivesithi.

Tsiolkovsky yayingunyaka wokuqala wobomi e Moscow, wafunda zemvelo nemathematika ekuqaleni. Zazilandelwa engundoqo kunye ezohlukileyo calculus, geometry ungqukuva nabaqiqayo, algebra ngaphezulu. Kamva, Constantine wafunda ubucukubhede, imichiza, kunye neenkwenkwezi. Iminyaka 3 Iyakwazi inkqubo yesikolo igrama, kwakunye inxalenye ephambili yale yunivesithi. UBawo ngale xesha ayikwazanga ukunika ubomi Tsiolkovsky eMoscow. Constantine wabuyela ekhaya ekwindla ka-1876 badiniwe buthathaka.

izifundo zabucala

Umsebenzi onzima kunye neemeko ezinzima kwakhokelela ngokonakala mbono. Ziolkowski waqala izibuko emva kokubuyela ekhaya. Ukubuyisela amandla, waqala ukunika izifundo zabucala kwimathematika physics. Emva kwethutyana, yena ingasafuneki abafundi, njengoko waba ngumfundisi omkhulu. Tsiolkovsky isicelo yi eziveliswe kuye ukuziphatha izifundo, wayephakathi apho umboniso eziphambili zetekisi iindlela. Tsiolkovsky ukuba izifundo geometry wenza iimodeli of polyhedrons ezenziwe ngephepha, zibanjwa kunye abafundi ucwaningo physics. Oku amenza isidima ngutitshala, echaza ngokucacileyo umbandela. Abafundi wayemthanda iiklasi Tsiolkovsky apho wayesoloko umdla.

Ukufa umzalwana wakhe, a iimviwo ngempumelelo

Ignatius, lo umninawa ka Constantine, wafa ekupheleni kuka 1876. Abazalwana kufutshane kakhulu ukususela ebuntwaneni, ngokunjalo ukufa kwakhe kwaba ngesibetho esikhulu uConstantine. usapho Ziolkowski ngo-1878 wabuyela Ryazan.

UConstantine nangoko emva kokufika kwakhe uluphumelele uvavanyo lonyango, iziphumo ngenxa yokungeva wakhululwa emkhosini. Ukuze uqhubeke usebenza njengomfundisi, ukuba afune ubungqina zemfundo. Kwaye Tsiolkovsky kusonjululwa le ngxaki - ukuwa-1879 agqithayo uviwo njenge umfundi lwangaphandle lomthambo yokuqala yephondo. Ngoku ngokusemthethweni waba ngumfundisi imathematika Tsiolkovskiy uKonstantin Eduardovich.

impilo Personal

UKonstantin Tsiolkovsky ngehlobo lowe-1880 watshata intombi umnini kwelo gumbi awayephila kulo. Yaye ngoJanuwari 1881, wafa Eduard Ignatievich.

abantwana uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky: intombi, oonyana abathathu Love - Ignatius, Alesandire Ivan.

Sebenza esikolweni kwisithili Borovsk, amaphepha zokuqala enzululwazi

Tsiolkovsky wasebenza utitshala wesikolo kwisithili Borovsk, ngaxeshanye ngokuqhubeka ukufunda ekhaya. Wakwenza imizobo, wasebenza kwi-ngqangi, wavavanya. umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yabhalwa kwi ubucukubhede eziphilayo. Tsiolkovsky ngo-1881 wadala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukuba kungathathwa zenzululwazi ngokwenene. Sithetha ukuba "ingcamango iigesi". Kodwa ke bafunda di Mendeleev ukuba Ekufunyanisweni kwalo theory kwenzeka kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo. Tsiolkovsky, nangona ukucuthwa, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe.

Uphuhliso lwesakhiwo ibhaluni

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu, apho kuhlala kuye ixesha elide, le thiyori iibhaluni. Emva kwexesha elithile Tsiolkovsky waqonda ukuba le ngxaki esithile ukunikela ingqalelo. Le Isazinzulu liphuhlise indlela yakhe ibhaluni. Isiphumo umsebenzi Tsiolkovsky "Imfundiso kunye namava njengebhaloni ..." (1885-86 gg.). Kulo msebenzi ukuba wayegwetyelwe ekudalweni ivele ngokwesiseko esitsha kuyilo ukuba iqokobhe metal obhityileyo.

House umlilo Tsiolkovsky

Biography of Tsiolkovsky ephawulwe iziganeko ezibuhlungu ka-Aprili 23, 1887 Ngale mini, ebuya evela eMoscow emva wokusungula le ngxelo. Kwaba ngoko ukuba umlilo yenzeka endlwini Tsiolkovsky. Wamtshisa imifanekiso, imibhalo-ngqangi, ithala leencwadi, imizobo yonke ipropati yosapho, ngaphandle umatshini wokuthunga (ukuba lilahlelwe kungena eyadini ngefestile). Yaba kunzima kakhulu ukuba Tsiolkovsky. Uvakalise iimvakalelo neengcinga-ngqangi othi "Umthandazo."

Ukudlulisela ukulungela ukusebenza, imisebenzi emitsha kunye nezifundo

DS Unkovsky, umlawuli yezikolo sabaqalayo, 27 Januwari 1892 ecetywayo lokutshintshela sisikolo ukulungela enye 'sabakhutheleyo "yaye" amandla "lootitshala. Apha Tsiolkovsky waphila de ukufa kwakhe. Ukususela 1892 wasebenza utitshala wesikolo yesithili ukulungela of geometry nasekubaleni ngamanani. Ukususela ngo-1899, i-nzulu wamnika izifundo yemvelo in School wabafazi Diocesan. Tsiolkovsky babhala ukulungela imisebenzi yabo lusetyenziswayo kwithiyori jet basafunda, aerospace, ibhayoloji isithuba kunye namayeza. Ukongezelela, waqhubeka nomsebenzi kwi kwithiyori dirigible sisinyithi uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky. Amafoto thaca ngezantsi - nomfanekiselo lesikhumbuzo sisazinzulu eMoscow.

Ngowe-1921, emva kokuphela yokufundisa, wanikwa ubomi pension yakho. Ukususela ngelo xesha de ukufa kwakhe Tsiolkovsky biography kuphawulwa ngokuntywiliselwa kweso sifundo, ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi, ukusasazwa izimvo zabo. Nokufundisa ayisa umshado.

Kakhulu ixesha nzima

Le Tsiolkovsky esisinda ukuba eli-15 yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ignatius, unyana wakhe, bazibulala ngo-1902. Ukongeza, ngo-1908, endlwini yakhe ngexesha lezikhukula le Oka River nezikhukhula. Ngenxa yoko, thina unkqonkqozile ngaphandle umatshini nemiboniso ezininzi, baphulukana izibalo ezininzi ezizodwa.

umlilo Okokuqala, ngoko izikhukula ... Kubonakala ukuba Tsiolkovsky hayi inobuhlobo iziqalelo. Hi ndlela leyi, khumbula umlilo ngo-2001, nto leyo lwenzeka kwi enqanaweni Russian. Zamob wabamba umlilo, ngoJulayi 13 kulo nyaka - "uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky," umkhombe. Ngethamsanqa, lo gama kungekho namnye wabulawa, kodwa inqanawa ngokwayo yayonakele kakubi. Ngaphakathi, yonke into kutshiswa ngumlilo ngo-1887, zisekhona uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky.

Ibali lobomi bakhe iphawulwe ubunzima ange kwaphulwa abaninzi, kodwa hayi ucheogo odumileyo. Ubomi bakhe emva komzuzwana kwaba lula. abathandi uluntu Russian mirovedeniya Juni 5, 1919 ISAZINZULU wenza inkuku waza wammisela imali yomhlala phantsi. Le ncwadi isindise Tsiolkovsky yindlala ngexesha uphazamiseko, njengoko Socialist Academy Juni 30, 1919 abazange kumamkela zaba ngamaqela zabo yashiya ngaphandle ukuziphilisa. Ukubaluleka onobuhle thaca Tsiolkovsky na into e Physico-Chemical Society. Ngowe-1923, Alexander, unyana wakhe wesibini, wathabatha ubomi bakhe.

Ukunakanwa ubunkokheli beqela

abasemagunyeni eSoviet sikhumbule Tsiolkovsky kuphela ngo-1923, emva kokuba kwenziwe H. Oberth, yamachiza waseJamani, kokupapashwa iinjini ngexabiso kunye emkhathini. Ukuphila nokusebenza meko Tsiolkovsky litshintshile kakhulu. Party kobukhokeli beBhunga USSR wazoba ingqalelo ezifana izazinzulu ebalulekile uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky. ngobomi bakhe kudala eziphawuleka kakhulu kwempumelelo, kodwa awunamdla enamandla eli hlabathi, ukuba kwixesha elithile. Kwaye ngo-1923, i-nzulu wamiselwa umhlalaphantsi lobuqu, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko umsebenzi eneziqhamo. A November 9, 1921 waqala ahlawule pension kunye neentlawulo zeenkonzo zakhe kwinzululwazi. Tsiolkovsky wafumana le mali de September 19, 1935 Ngale mini wafa ukulungela ukusebenza, nto leyo yaba ikhaya lakhe, Tsiolkovskiy uKonstantin Eduardovich.

impumelelo

Tsiolkovsky ecetywayo inani iingcamango angafumani isicelo irula. Oku yokujika irhasi wokulawula ukubhabha rocket; ukusetyenziswa njengeziqhubeli uzipholisa iqokobhe engaphandle enqanaweni ngexesha kokungena kwisiphekepheke ibe ojikeleze umhlaba kunye nabanye. Xa entsimini kwamafutha rocket, apha wazibonakalisa Ziolkowski. Kuphandwe nobuninzi kwamafutha kunye iioksidenti, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise kunyuka amafutha: oxygen kunye hydrocarbon okanye hydrogen Tsiolkovskiy uKonstantin Eduardovich. wokusungula ziquka turbomachine scheme. Ngaphezu koko, uye yapapashwa ngowe-1927 le nkqubo kunye nethiyori ye uloliwe ababetheki kakhulu emoyeni. Okokuqala ecetywayo kwisisu semoto, ukutyibilika phantsi umzimba, kwaba Tsiolkovskiy uKonstantin Eduardovich. Ukuba wenza, ngoku uyazi. Indiza kunye nendawo yokuhamba - iingxaki eziphambili ukuba sisazinzulu kuye ubomi bakhe bonke.

E ukulungela ukusebenza, imyuziyam yomlando astronautics ogama emveni koku ingcali yenzululwazi, apho unokufunda okuninzi, kubandakanywa phezu izazinzulu ezinjalo, njengokuba uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky. Iifoto wesakhiwo lolondolozo lwembali okuchazwe ngasentla. Xa ndiqukumbela, ndithanda ukuba wayecaphula binzana. Umbhali walo - uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky. Ucaphula abonakaliswe ku abaninzi, yaye oku, mhlawumbi, wena uyazi. "Le iplanethi a sombuso ingqondo, kodwa akukho mntu kuphila ngonaphakade ezalwa," - wathi Tsiolkovsky. Namhlanje le ngxelo ibekwe emnyangweni epakini kubo. Tsiolkovsky (ukulungela), apho wangcwatyelwa nzulu.