Umsebenzi ntle - yintoni na le nto? Imithetho of Correctional

Uthole zoLuleko ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso kubantwana abanengxaki yempilo yengqondo ezinkulu.

izigaba zophuhliso

Studies endle uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantwana kokuya esikolweni abakhubazeke kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwahlula ezintathu:

1. Uphuhliso pedagogy lezoluleko ukususela 1930 ukuya 1978. Ngeli xesha, ezingasetyenziswanga amava okufundisa, wafunda iimpawu yezengqondo zokufundisa kunye kwezonyango imeko yabantwana Ugula ngengqondo kwexesha pre-school, elungiselela sikhokelo esemthethweni, uncwadi yenzululwazi methodological kulwenziwo ekhethekileyo loluleko pre-op.
2. Yotshintsho umxholo imisebenzi oluleko kunye emfundo kumaziko pre-school abantwana abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni ukususela 1978 ukuya 1992.
3. Orientation ukuze bachonge kwasekuqaleni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana kokuya esikolweni, ngokwasengqondweni-zokufundiswa ulungiso ukunyhashwa, yokudibanisa inkqubo yokufunda yabazali (1992 - namhlanje).

Formation yomsebenzi ntle epriskuli

Hlalutya ixesha eminye nokubunjwa kwayo.

Kwindima yokuqala ekhethekileyo edlalwa yi ithiyori L. S. Vygotskogo. Xa banesifo kwinkulungwane edluleyo Wayehlatyelwe imithetho esisiseko ekumisweni engqondweni yomntwana. Uphando olwenziwa ngelo xesha yabonisa ukuba ukuyilwa imisebenzi eziphezulu engqondweni yomntu lwenzeka emva kokuzalwa. Kule nkqubo iphenjelelwa lweemeko zentlalo, uqeqesho kunye nemfundo. Ngenxa yoko, ootitshala data bakwazi ukuvavanya ubudlelwane yeemeko yebhayoloji nezentlalo kuphuhliso womntwana zabasakhasayo, baba iziseko umsebenzi ntle.

Uphuhliso Domestic of kokuya esikolweni abantwana theory ukufunda

Izazinzulu ziye bazimisele ukuba ukuyilwa chu ulwazi Funda uthole ngokuthi kwandiswe amathuba azalwa kuyo. Ithiyori L. S. Vygotskogo eye wavumela ootitshala ukuba pick up iindlela ezintsha umsebenzi ntle ngenxa epriskuli.

iisayikholojisti Soviet D. B. Elkonin, A. N. Leonteva wabonisa ukuba ukufunda ayikho nje into okhokelayo ukuyilwa ingqondo, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ngengqondo, kodwa kuphuhliso umsebenzi okudala kokuya esikolweni abantwana. Isiphumo umsebenzi elide zelo qela lootitshala nolwalamano olusondeleyo iisayikholojisti yaba ukuvela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela, ukuphuhlisa ngoqeqesho pedagogy pre-school.

Ukubaluleka yokuphuhlisa ngoqeqesho Correctional

Le ndlela yokufundisa abantwana kokuya esikolweni Ugula ngengqondo wabonakala ngowe-1975. Oko ngeli xesha esikhethekileyo yavulwa eMoscow kokuya esikolweni, eyenzelwe abantwana abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni. Ngethuba lokwenza uphando kwafunyaniswa ukuba uphuhliso okungaqhelekanga yamaziko sasilungiswa kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuqulunqwa uqeqesho, isicelo kwengcamango lamathuba olubuthathaka. Kid ukuba izifo zophuhliso, ifuna ukuba sesichengeni eneenkcukacha ngexesha zokufundisa. Ukusebenza kwamanyathelo oluleko kunye emfundo ixhomekeke yaqala xa umsebenzi. umsebenzi ntle - oku ukukhuliswa nokuphuhliswa kwabantwana. ezichongiweyo Iingxaki ngaphambili ke, liphuhlise inkqubo yokujongana kubo, kokukhona oku kukuba isohlwayo kuba neziphumo ezihle.

INkqubo kwimfundo yabantwana zabasakhasayo Ugula ngengqondo

Kuye yapapashwa ngo-1976. Ukongezelela ekudaleni iindlela zemfundo noqeqesho, izindululo ezithile ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwazo kumaziko kokuya esikolweni emfundo kubantwana nokophula uphuhliso lweengqondo sele ziphuhlisiwe. Xa njengobuchule ngayo waphawula ukuba umsebenzi ntle - eli candelo Defectology, ngokukodwa imiba yophuhliso kunye nemfundo yabantwana Ugula ngengqondo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, waqhubeka ngophando kwinkalo pedagogy. uqeqesho lwenziwa ngootitshala zoLuleko, kwengqondo. Isiphumo iqela bengqondo kunye nootitshala uthole yaba kukudala kwithiyori lomsebenzi nendlela ukuya nakuphuhliso lobume umntwana enkulisa. Abaphandi baye apapasha kwiijenali zenzululwazi eziliqela, apho kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba umsebenzi-ntle - ayikho isivakalisi, kodwa ithuba ukomeleza umsebenzi kootitshala. Yavela 80s of khulu lokugqibela leminyaka kwaye inkqubo akhethekileyo yi O. P. Gavrilushkinym, N. D. Sokolovym, ezenzelwe ukulungiselela uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantwana Ugula ngengqondo ubudala zabasakhasayo.

Libhekisela yokuba lo msebenzi ntle - oku kwicala ebalulekileyo imisebenzi yokufundisa, indlela ebanzi kuphuhliso kunye nemfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo ngokwasengqondweni. Ugxininiso phezu ekudalweni iimeko kangangoko ukuze kwakhiwe imisebenzi zabantwana. iinkqubo zoqeqesho esilungiselelwe uphuhliso lwabantwana zabasakhasayo ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwi-8. Bacebise ukuchongwa kunye nokulungiswa kid umntu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni.

Zigxila kwindlela edityanisiweyo imisebenzi abantwana kunye nokulwa ophuhliso lwengqondo.

Ezi nkcukacha yomsebenzi ntle yabantwana

Ngoko ke yintoni na umsebenzi ntle? Ukuzimisela ibonisa ukuba ngokuyintloko ojongene nenkqubo yezenzo ezijolise ekoyiseni ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubantwana uthole, ukunceda aba bantwana ukuqhelana ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. Ukongeza bemveli imidlalo indima-odlala zisetyenziswa epriskuli, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo unikwa umsebenzi mifanekiso. Abantwana abaneengxaki ezinkulu ubukrelekrele, ootitshala kunye iisayikholojisti zinenxaxheba ekuqulunqweni, bona nokufundisa iiklasi befaka, ukupeyinta. Iikhosi imisebenzi enjalo uphuhliso lwezakhono motor omhle kubantwana uthole, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zabo eyodwa, kwasekwa izakhono zonxibelelwano zonxibelelwano. Nokuba abakhubazeke kakhulu zophuhliso, kunye nenqubo eyiyo kootitshala kwengqondo, ukuyilwa iingqiqo nezakhiwo zezibalo kunokwenzeka, kwakunye nokubekwa iziseko yokuziphatha eluntwini.

umsebenzi ntle lwangoku

Ukuba izifundo ze umsebenzi ntle ngalo mzuzu? Ootitshala ingqalelo kunye iisayikholojisti ezitsala khangela iintlobo ezintsha kunye neendlela zokusebenza kunye nabantwana kokuya esikolweni, ngubani iyasilela oontanga babo kuphuhliso ngokwengqondo. Ngokusisiseko, njengohlobo lwe inkxaso ukwenzela ukubonelela abantwana kokuya esikolweni lezoluleko iingxaki kuphuhliso ngokwengqondo zezona kokuya esikolweni ezikhethekileyo zoLuleko. Oku kulapho ephuhliswe kakuhle unyango kwintetho. ZoLuleko isebenza phantsi kweenkqubo ezizodwa, evunywe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMfundo, kulwalamano olusondeleyo kunye nootitshala abezonyango, izazi.

Uphando kwi Russian Federation for Correctional

Uphando lwakutshanje olwenziwe kwinkalo pedagogy loluleko, ikakhulu kugxininisa ekudalweni ingqiqo elikhethekileyo ukubhaqwa iingxaki, amalungiselelo kwangethuba ngokwasengqondweni zokufundiswa ulungiso ezinxaxhileyo ezichongiweyo kuphuhliso engqondweni abantwana zabasakhasayo. Ukuze asebenze iingcali ukuze siphumelele, pedagogy yoluleko kufuneka iqulunqwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkxaso ne-Institute of Education Family.

Ukusetyenziswa usapho kunye nendlela zentlalo uxilongo yokuqala ezinxaxhileyo obuhlakani eyodwa kuthetha inkxaso pathologists lwengcali. Emva kokuchaza ngxaki isonjululwe umbuzo nangakumbi toddler yoqeqesho. It wadala uthumo okhethekileyo, nto leyo ibandakanya kungekuphela iingcali zempilo, kodwa therapist, utitshala, therapist, ngengqondo umntwana. Xa kuqinisekiswa, uxilongo lwezonyango, ekufumanekeni ezimbi yengqondo ukungaqheleki enkulisa ithunyelwa imfundo olandelayo kunye noqeqesho epriskuli ezizodwa.

Tasks Oligophrenopedagogics uthole

Isifundo engundoqo yomsebenzi ntle zabasakhasayo kukufunda theory Ipharamitha uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantwana Ugula ngengqondo. Kungenxa kule ubudala ukuyilwa okukhulu ngezakhiwo neempawu ukuguqula zebhayoloji yokuba ungumntu. Kweli nqanaba uphuhliso, wadala isiseko into efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe elandelayo kwezakhono ezizodwa sele uyincutshe ekudlaleni imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza iimpawu kunye neempawu psyche abantwana, ezichaza uhlobo nokuziphatha, ukwakheka sengqondo ukuya ihlabathi kunye nendalo. Ukuba ngeli xesha awukwazi ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo uphuhliso ngokwengqondo lo mntwana, uya esilimaza uphuhliso yayo elandelayo.

isiphelo

ZoLuleko kutshanje kwatsala ingqalelo iisayikholojisti nabahlohli, njengoko abantwana abakhubazeke kakhulu kuphuhliso ngokwengqondo iba, ngelishwa, ngakumbi nangakumbi zonke nyaka. Xa imo preschools ezininzi abe isayikholojisti, utitshala, owayendifundisa ukuthetha. lo msebenzi wabo kukuchonga nisaqala iingxaki ngentetho, inkumbulo, ingqondo njalo njalo. D. Yeyona nobuchwepheshe aba baqeshwa kuxhomekeka ukuba okanye hayi ngexesha kubonakele ezinxaxhileyo kuphuhliso ngokwengqondo abantwana zabasakhasayo. Ingxaki ephambili yeyokuba imiba emininzi egwenxa ezinxulumene ukukhubazeka engqondweni, ukuba elide.

GEF generation yesibini, kuqaliswa kumaziko emfundo uthole, ezijolise isigulo kwangethuba bobuchule bokuyila abantwana. Kunye nesimo sengqondo kakhulu ootitshala ukuba imigangatho yemfundo federal entsha, omashini ngokukodwa ukuba amaziko karhulumente uthole, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga iqela labantwana kunye ukukhubazeka engqondweni, babanike zonke ngoncedo kunokwenzeka, ukuba kuziswe ukusebenza noonesi ezinjalo eyodwa: amagqirha, bengqondo, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha.