Labemi kunye ummandla Bashkiria. Republic of Bashkortostan: ikomkhulu, umongameli, uqoqosho, indalo

Abakhenkethi abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuza kwiriphabliki, ukufunda inkcubeko kunye onwabele izinto. Area Bashkiria uhlobo ezinkulu ezahlukeneyo engaqhelekanga. Ukuba ukhe wafuna ukuya khona - qiniseka ukuba wenze oko.

indaba

Kuba okokuqala kwiriphabliki kunye nabantu bayo ukuba abakhankanywe izinto ezibhaliweyo kwenkulungwane ye-10. Ezininzi ezintabeni Bashkiria belimiwe enye inxalenye yabantu bomthonyama, ngoxa abanye babehlala emaqeleni enkulu. Umsebenzi wabo - ukuzingela, izilwanyana kunye lokuloba.

Xa 12-14 Kwiinkulungwane th, le Bashkirs abaxinzelelweyo nguye Tatar-Mongols, eli hlokondiba emva ekuweni kwankqu ubukho nelizwe esibondeni - abantu baxinezeleka, iyachithwa. Ngowe-1557 kwagqitywa kwade kurhulumente Russian. Ngokuthe ngcembe, le ndawo uqalisa ugcwale Bashkortostan. iinqaba ezininzi yasekwa ukukhusela nxamnye ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Basekuhlaleni baye amava Russian zokulima. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba liziko ishishini lemigodi Yuzhnyy phambene.

Bashkirs wathatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Abalimi '. squad yabo wakhokelelwa yimbongi kunye nenkokeli abanetalente yasemkhosini Salavat Yulaev, wathabatha mbanjwa nguRhulumente wamthumela ekuthinjweni emva kokoyiswa. Kamva, waba iqhawe lesizwe.

Ngenxa ukufika iSoviet bakha yalilizwe elizimeleyo. Ngowe-1992, ngokunxulumene ekuweni eSoviet Union kunye nokutshintsha karhulumente, kwathiwa igama. ilizwe elihle ekuthiwa Republic of Bashkortostan. Kuyinto ke ngoko siyazi namhlanje. Ukuze lo mbuzo "iminyaka Zingaphi Bashkortostan?" Ngaba kunzima ukuphendula eziqhitsini. Njengokuba ummandla elahlukileyo kwiriphabliki yasekwa kwiminyaka engaphezu 700 eyadlulayo. Kodwa umhla wakhe wokuzalwa ukususela kwinkulungwane yama 15 - Kwathi ke oko yathathwa Russia.

ndawo Bashkiria

I Republic ise emazantsi kwi phambene Mountains, Ekuveleni Europe kunye Asia. Perm ezikufutshane, ummandla Sverdlovsk, saseChelyabinsk, Orenburg. Entshona nasemantla-ntshona ezikufutshane Tatarstan kunye Udmurtia, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Le ndawo ekuza Bashkiria - 143 of 600 lamawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha (oku yi 0.8% yommandla zizonke Russia).

Capital weRiphabliki isixeko Ufa. Beloretsk, Ishimbai, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibai, Sterlitamak - isixeko esikhulu, obakhe Bashkiria. Ulwimi ngayo ukunxibelelana abahlali balo - Russian. Kwakhona Bathetha lweenkobe Bashkir zabo, kwaye kwezinye iindawo abantu kakuhle in Tatar. Abemi beli lizwe (ngokutsho kubalo-2010) - Abantu 1.172.287. Kukho malunga 2 million Bashkirs.

Weather kanye Climate

Republic lwemozulu - yezwekazi. Sezulu e Bashkiria ziyatshintsheka amaxesha, engalindelekanga. Low zintaba akuthinteli kwii zezulu mass yaseSiberia.

Ehlotyeni ishushu kweli lizwe. Lobushushu kwi emathafeni Piedmont phambene zone liphuma ukuya kutsho kuma-40. Iqondo lobushushu Julayi avareji igcinwe kwindawo ye-16 ukuya kuma-20 ° C. Inani leentsuku enelanga kwikomkhulu - kummandla ka 260. Le ubusika Bashkiria Kuyinto kakhulu. lobushushu okugwenxa usondele degrees 15, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ubushushu kusithwa 40 ° C. Emaqeleni izaqhwithi ekuqhelekileyo ukuba niquphe kude nekhephu ephakamileyo iindawo Urals iintlambo. Snow ivela ngoSeptemba kwaye sihlala kude Epreli. Sezulu e Bashkiria sixhomekeke emoyeni, nge-avareji, isiphathele ngesantya top 3,4-5,2 ngomzuzwana.

uhlobo

Uninzi abakhenkethi nafika kulo ilizwe ukuze anandiphe uhlobo zalo zahlukeneyo. Ukuhamba phezu Bashkiria, qiniseka ukuba ubheke emahlathini coniferous kunye avuthulukayo. Ngokuziqhenya kwaye kwazo ibekwe kula emiterebhintini ezindilekileyo, ikalika ukukhanya, platanoides maple, fir elibukhali. Le ndawo igcwele kwizityalo nezilwanyana chic nezahlukeneyo - izilwanyana ziqhelekile hlathi, abahlala kwezi emahlathini. Iimpuku, jays, iimbila kunye neencanda - nje ezimbalwa izilwanyana banokuyifumana emehlweni abakhenkethi.

Yasehlathini-emathafeni Bashkiria osisityebi iimpungutye, iingcuka kunye imivundla, ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana deer. Xa iindawo ezininzi ezivulekileyo umiwe namabuzi enkangala. Kufuphi amachibi kuhlala ama kunye amadada. Emathafeni zina- imithi ezabanjwa, izityalo ezincinane, ukukhula okuziinkozo - ovsets kunye iintsiba. Of bendawo - oonomatse emhlabeni, nempuku. iintaka inyama - okhozi, iinkozi, oontloyiya. Kaninzi ingabonwa yokuhambisa phezulu emoyeni okanye wayehleli kumathambeka - ngoko ke babukela, nibheke lixhoba. Zauralye emathafeni amachibi agcwele iintaka, kwaye kufutshane nemilambo uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abemi yehlathi elimelene.

ezintabeni Bashkiria

Nokutsala ephambili Bashkortostan - na iintaba ezimangalisayo. Nazi intaba inkulu kwezi Urals Southern - ngokuvela eziphezulu ezimbini Yamantau apho imilambo emininzi aqukuqelayo. Enye intaba ethandwayo - engcwele Iremal, ukhuphuke ukuba kude ngenkulungwane ye-19, nto owalelweyo ngokungqongqo. Mountain Premel - unina imilambo ezimbini, ukuhlamba apho angamangalelwa ngamandla okuphawulekayo kangangonyaka elide phambili.

Kukho amabali malunga imbonakalo ezintabeni Jurack Tau, Kush-Tau, Shakh-Tau noqeqesho I-Tau. Kukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emininzi abamahashe eyadlulayo lobhedu Ghaxaq wayethandana intombi endala phambene, Agidel ubuhle. Wazama ukutsala ingqalelo amantombazana, kodwa iimvakalelo bakhe abazange efanayo. Wahlala Ghaxaq ngoko ihashe lakhe bawasukela emva intanda yakhe. Kokuba waxwilwa, wabetha ngayo ndiphethe uswazi ukuba nomsindo Urals endala. Yena wajika intombi yakhe ibe emlanjeni fast, Ghaxaq kwaye ayikwazanga ukubamba Agidel andwebileyo - Amanzi ngokusebenzisa iminwe yakhe.

Wagqiba ukuthumela le ntombazana a nesihuluhulu, kodwa yena akazange ukunihlangula. Bonke waqonda Ghaxaq, wandibuyisa ebeleni intliziyo yakhe, waphoswa ezinyaweni yakhe ayithandayo. Sini na ebimchukumisile, kodwa ukuba abuyele imizimba yabantu kunye nako. Ke kaloku, le ndawo ezine Sheehan - Jurack Tau (intliziyo), Kush-Tau (intaka), Shah-Tau (Ghaxaq) kunye noqeqesho I-Tau (isizwe entabeni Bashkirs).

umfula

Imilambo, kwakunye iintaba, aba ikratshi republic enkulu. Umlambo inkulu yaye uninzi onamandla Bashkiria - White. Ayajika ijikajike kwi PREDURALIE kunye ecaleni eentaba. nemingenela yawo - imilambo Nugush, Sim, Ufa kunye Dema. NgoNovemba, emva kuneqabaka eziqatha, umlambo ledeneyut ngokukhawuleza. Emva kweenyanga ezi-5, kancane zinyibilikisiwe.

Kwiinkalo kwamahlathi kunye emaqeleni bakwazi ukubala inani elikhulu amachibi ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Bathi abanzi, kodwa hayi nzulu, yaye uninzi zazo ayegqunyelelwe asengcongolweni, Marsh cinquefoil kunye nezinye izityalo kunye. amachibi ezahlukeneyo - okutsha, ityuwa, kodwa ke zonke ezintle ubuntu babo.

Nature oovimba

Uninzi ndawo kuhlala Bashkiria zolondolozo lwendalo ezixabisekileyo.

• Reserve State. Elise kumda ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo ezinde amahlathi, zibekwe kufutshane emaqeleni yothutho-phambene. Enezityalo nezilwanyana utyebile kakhulu, likhaya zombini ezincancisayo nezidla enkulu. abasebenzi Reserve iliso ulondolozo zizalele nakuzo iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, uninzi lwazo ingafumaneka kwi Incwadi oluBomvu.
• Shulgan-Tash. Kwi-Russian Federation akukho analogue kule ndawo - ebekelwe lukhuselwe kwaye bafunda zasendle bee umthi vuphukuphuku. lula ukuba zidluliselwa ukubanda kwaye iyamelana izifo, kunye nemveliso yazo ngaphezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona kwi reserve ezikhuselweyo iintaka ezinqabileyo.
• Bashkir National Park. Sigcwele kunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Abakhenkethi babe nethuba lokuba sihambe endleleni eziphilayo (iindlela ezicetywe ngokukhethekileyo).

Bashkiria yanamhlanje

Bashkortostan - omnye kakhulu kwezoqoqosho izinzile imimandla Russian Federation. Republic lishishini eziphuhlileyo, kwaye imali ilungele ukuba ishishini (ngokwe Forbes rated). Ixabiso ukuphila Bashkiria umiselwe ngurhulumente kule mali engange 8691 kwi-capita nganye. Umsebenzi - 9205, umhlala - 7061, abantwana - 8856.

Kumacandelo belima izityalo zoshishino kwiifama - iigusha, amahashe kunye neenkukhu. kwimveliso yoboya elidume kunye ukufuywa. uphuhliso yokucokisa yeoli kweli lizwe, ezobunjineli kunye ngensimbi. Bashkiria mveliso abazibandakanya ngokhuni kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zokwakha.

Ngomhla kummandla kwiriphabliki kukho amaziko 1644 pre-school, izikolo 1.587 nezikolo zikarhulumente 10.

Travel

Tourism - yenye yeenkalo eziphambili zobomi Bashkortostan. oko kudla ngokuba Switzerland yesibini ngenxa ngengxubevange yemithombo yobutyebi bendalo. Ukuya kwi uhambo, unokuqiniseka ukuba: apha bakunike iinketho ezahlukeneyo nokuzonwabisa sanatoriums kunye iiholide. Uthumelo kwi amaziko zabakhenkethi, xa kwiihotele ekhululekile okanye kwiihostele mali.

Bashkortostan Republic inikeza ukuba niwaxhaphaze bentaba ezininzi. ukhetho lwakho - amakhulu yohambo ehlotyeni nasebusika ibhasi, kuquka acandacanda eyinkunzi loovimba. Kuba abathandi ngokukhwel, ukuqabela kwi catamarans okanye kayaks apho kumnandi kakhulu. Unako ncwadi ski okanye ukhenketho ibhayisekile, imoto Safaris, ehla, speleotury okanye uhambo indawo elula.

Ufa - ikomkhulu Bashkiria

Ufa ise kumbindi Bashkiria, xa ekudibaneni yemilambo emikhulu emithathu. Imbali isixeko lisukela emva 1574 - xa Ufa yaba inqaba lokuqala Russian. Ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa impembelelo yawo kulo lonke ilizwe, Indlu yemboniselo ukugcina ukuziphendulela kwaye kubonakalise kokuhlaselwa iintshaba.

Esi sixeko luvuleleke iindwendwe zemidlalo ezininzi, apho ubona idrama kunye comedy, opera kunye ibhaleyi, ubukele kumboniso woonopopi. Abakhenkethi bachithe ixesha labo kule iimyuziyam zobugcisa yesizwe komzi, kwakunye ukujonga ezikhumbuzo yonqulo ukuya bhanyabhanya mihla.

Ufa - idolophu entle kakhulu, kwaye sithi ndijonge. Kunye iikona zeendlela ephithizela imiqolo nokuba kukho ikalika, nezom-maple nemithi. Izindlu athathelwa indawo iipaki, kunye neepaki - izindlu. Eyona nto iyimbalasane umzi - izimvo ngaphaya ezikude komlambo. Bona ziyafumaneka kuye ngeliso lenyama: umgama uyakwazi ukubona wezandyondyo eluhlaza, Wayiphalazela amagophe amachibi kunye nemilambo ezihamba ngokucothayo ikhoyo. Omnye ungabona phambili umganyana ngeenxa zonke iinduli, Bathiwe wambu ohlaza. Entshonalanga - a demo umlambo kwintlambo Noluyolo kunye emifuleni, amahlathi kunye iilwandle - othandwayo ikhefu indawo abemi baloo mzi.

INtloko republic

Ngo-2014, ikota yesibini, wonyulwa Rustem Zakievich Hamitov. umsebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko waqalisa kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhe njengosihlalo weKomishoni ngemibandela yemo engqongileyo, ngoko ke wasebenza umalathisi ziko, waza waba ngumlungiseleli imeko 1994. Emva kwakhe - iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kubume MoE. Ngo-2010, owayesakuba nguMongameli we Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov warhoxa. Rustem Khamitov waqeshwa endaweni yakhe Dmitriem Medvedevym. INdibano yesiZwe weRiphabliki ukuxhasa candidacy yakhe. July 15, 2010 Rustem Zakievich Hamitov ngokusemthethweni uqale umsebenzi kule post uxanduva.

Khamitov ulutsha limenza uthando kwezemidlalo, nobudlelwano ngamazwe. UMongameli Bashkortostan uhamba eli lizwe liphela, ukuba athathe inxaxheba bonke ubomi bakhe.

cuisine lobuzwe

• Bishbarmak - horsemeat ebilisiweyo okanye imvana, wonqanyulwa, zibe ziingceba. Njengoko dish side - i-noodles kunye umhluzi ukusuka inyama.
• Womile isoseji eyenziwe horsemeat.
• Sweet kunye ezinetyuwa sisi (AMAFUTSHANE).
• Berry ilekese.
• isiselo ubisi, nto leyo yenziwa ngobisi imazi yehashe ngayo - ubisi Mare kaThixo. iinzuzo ubumuncu koumiss zenani ehlabathini lonke.
• Shindy - iinkozo kweziselo ezisekelwe imila rye okanye irhasi.
• Airan - amasi bungxengwe ngamanzi. umncedisi Perfect ekulweni linxano.

impahla yemveli

A ihempe elide kunye ikhola kunye nebhatyi esingenamikhono elifutshane (kamzul), isemzimbeni top - ngokususela costume yesizwe eyindoda. Efudumeleyo lwegusha esikhumbeni okanye idyasi yasebusika efudumeleyo (Gilles). On iinyawo - izihlangu kunye ngelaphu lesiquluba igcina ethambileyo ulusu (Saryk) kunye izicathulo isandla-ezenziwe (olunzulu). Ihlwempu kwafuneka ukuba banxibe iimbadada. Xa intloko angabekwa phezu skullcap, kwaye phezu - ikepusi of otter okanye beaver.

Women Clothing - ngokubanzi, elide iqatha ubude ilokhwe, umsebenzi oyimfakamfele kwi emqukumbelweni yimivumbo ezinemibala. Uphumo ukukhanya enxibe ifaskoti phezulu abazizityebi oyimfakamfele kunye ingubo engaphantsi, zalungisa emiphethweni ekhazimlayo. Njengoko impahla engaphandle kusetyenziswa imiwundu, ayevathiswe isiqhoboshi kunye amaso, ebusika - idyasi uboya. Ngesigqubuthelo sentloko - isikhafu calico noboya umnqwazi. Shoes ezifana madoda: Saryk emfakamfele, ulwazi olunzulu kunye izithende. Amantombazana abavela kwiintsapho abazizityebi enxibe iindidi izivatho: amakhonkco, namaso, izacholo, namajikazi, namacici.

Okwangoku ungabona izinxibo zemveli abadala okanye kule mibhiyozo, kwakunye nokwenziwa bengqungqa iintsomi kunye neengoma.

izenzakalo emisiweyo

• Day Bashkiria ezinxulumene zokwamkelwa Declaration of State Ulongamo weRiphabliki. Oku ibhiyozelwa ngo-Oktobha 11.
• Siseko Day - December 24.
• Eid al-Fitr - kubhiyozelwa ngokungqinelana ikhalenda kwenyanga. Celebration imbeko ekupheleni kwenyanga ngokuzila Ramadan.
• Eid al-Adha - njengoko leeholide yangaphambili e Bashkortostan, abatyunjwe ikhalenda kwenyanga. Lo mthendeleko Islamic kubhiyozelwa ukuba ukukhumbula umbingelelo umprofeti Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. ngexesha lombhiyozo esekwe ngomthetho Government. Yokuhlonela ekupheleni umsebenzi entsimini yasentwasahlobo.
• yyyyny Salauat - omnye holide e Bashkortostan, i intsomi emthendelekweni Republican ukuze kuzukiswe Salavat Yulayev.

Iindawo ezixabisa ukuhambela

LabakwaWalker e Ufa? Ndwendwela lesikhumbuzo ukuya Bashkir sesakhiwo - le yamangcwaba ka Hussein-Beck kunye Keshene (kwi "endlwini ukubola" translation). Ifunyanwa neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka kwikomkhulu, ixesha ukwakhiwa kwayo - 11 yaye ngenkulungwane ye-13 ngokwahlukahlukeneyo.

I-Reserve Shulgan-Tash abadlula Kapova umqolomba (bank lasekunene White). Ukuba izindlu ezintathu ubude iyonke yeekhilomitha 1.8, oko luphawu zakudala ezibalulekileyo. Le paki yesizwe "Bashkiria" yi ibhulorho yendalo Kuperlya. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, umlambo waphuncuka isiteshi phantsi komhlaba, ukwakha umqolomba enkulu, nto leyo wawa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye wadala umsebenzi wobugcisa - inxalenye yayo liyaqhubeka sanekwe komlambo njengoko kwebhulorho.

Birsk ungafunda konke malunga yezandla intsomi of bomthonyama Bashkortostan. Kukho mveliso iimveliso zobugcisa, nto leyo uvelisa njengezikhumbuzo ukusuka capo-ingcambu (ukukhula kwi iingcambu kunye ngeziqu ezinde) kunye ezahlukeneyo izinto zodongwe.

Republic inama ezikhumbuzo yenkcubeko ezininzi iisayithi, engeyiyo njengoko ezinjalo - ukuba nje zintle kakhulu. Iindwendwe bayakuthanda kutyelela Bashkortostan Ufa ihewu kwindawo (emazantsi Ufa River). Le mbono igqibelele: emlanjeni ekhawulezayo, yabakho amahlathi eluhlaza, emiqolombeni sinkholes, zibetha imithombo - kuko konke oku ndijonge!

Nature Bashkir iyabamangalisa ngobuhle bayo ezizodwa ukuyichaza. Ngamazwi, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza yonke indawo yayo emangalisayo, kodwa ungabona nabo ubomi. Xa becwangcisa uhambo, qiniseka ukuba ukucinga Bashkortostan - kummandla emangalisayo ekwisimo sisityebi.