Ubomi kunye nezenzo ezilindelekileyo Aleksandra Nevskogo. 3 feat Aleksandra Nevskogo

INkosana Novgorod, unyana Yaroslav Vsevolodovich woyisa naluphi na utshaba kwi edabini, kodwa ingaba, ebonisa ubugcisa obukhethekileyo bombutho oonozakuzaku, ukunika indlela utshaba eyomeleleyo ukusindisa abantu bakhe wancipha ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ngaba kwimbali Russian awona mathuba xa awuna amandla ngokwaneleyo wamajoni ukoyisa ukwaphulwa. Kwaye ke abalawuli izilumko kunye iinjengele, bevakalelwa kukuba, akazange sukela lingxamiseke utshaba - baba nomonde, bantu basindiswe amandla abo ukuze smash utshaba ngokuqinisekileyo, lo gama kugcinwe uninzi-mkhosi yawo.

Ubomi kunye nezenzo ezilindelekileyo Aleksandra Nevskogo

Grand Prince of Novgorod ngomnye abantu nje ubenegalelo bayahlelwa kwabantu bethu kunye labo, kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi ziye zatshintsha, kwakunye njengoko kumiselwe indlela elizayo yembali kangangeenkulungwane.

Prince Alexander wazalwa ngo-1220 (eminye imithombo bathi 1221) e Pereslavl Zalessky. Uyise - Pereyaslavl Prince Yaroslav. Umama - uTheodosius, intombi encinci ka-Prince Mstislav.

Ndisemncinane, Alexander wabandakanyeka iziganeko zezopolitiko, ngelo xesha eyayithanda jikelele ulawulo lwe Novgorod Enkulu. Esi sixeko inkoliso ubomi omkhulu wamajoni inkokeli, nzulu ngezinto sobulumko.

ukubusa Novgorod

Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 1231, Alexander waba umthetheli par ngokusesikweni Novgorod kunye nomzalwana wakhe. Enyanisweni, onke amandla waba ezandleni kayise. Ngowe-1233, uMzalwan 'Theodore wafa. Ngowe-1236-m Prince Yaroslav wathabatha bakhululwa ngexesha itrone Kiev. Ukususela ngoko Alexander nyaka-16 ubudala waba ngumlawuli Novgorod.

Wena uyakwazi ukuva lo mbuzo: "Yintoni uqulukubhode ntoni Alexander Nevsky?" Namhlanje, siza kukuxelela ngayo. Kodwa kuqala Ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe Novgorod waba nexesha eyoyikekayo - Tatar ukuhlaselwa.

Ukuze aweza Novgorod of ndatu na apho okwangoku, kodwa ngeli xesha litshatyalaliswa sixeko sikhulu Russian, wabulala abathetheli-zihlanjiwe.

Ukongeza, isisongelo olukhulu Novgorod baba kartel German, phambili ukusuka ngasentshonalanga. Ukhathazeka Alexander Sweden, leyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII baqalisa ukuba ningavumeli kummandla Russia.

Battle kwi Neva

Chaza sezakhiwo iingalo Aleksandra Nevskogo kuyimfuneko kanye nale edabini, ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lokuqala emibi isikhulu abatsha. Ndimele ndithi ukuba idlule ngayo imibala eziphaphazelayo, lo gama ebonisa umgangatho benkokeli wamajoni brilliant nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo nani olumkileyo yezopolitiko.

Nge ukulandelwa encinane, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba uncedo uyise kunye nezinye iinkosana, Alexander waya imi. Endleleni, yena Washumayela kunye ladozhanami kunye ngesiquphe (Julayi 15) wahlasela inkampu Swedish. Njengoko yaziwa, amajoni Russian wahlasela balwa. Xa utshaba ilahleko enkulu rusichi ezilahlekileyo abantu 20. Kukholelwa ukuba ukulahleka yomkhosi Alexander thile ephantsi, kodwa ngaxeshanye ixabiso Idabi kwi Neva ngokucacileyo - nangona Mongol idyokhwe, eRashiya wakwazi ukuzikhusela imida yayo.

uloyiso kwiimeko zithile yayibaluleke kakhulu kuba selesiza umphathi mabini. Wamsa nodumo olukhulu kunye negama wanobungangamsha - Nevsky.

Emva kwesi siganeko, Alexander baxabana Novgorod, kunye nosapho lwakhe, nonina, 'enkundleni yakhe "washiya isixeko. Mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba ungquzulwano yaba indelelo yakhe (njengoyise) wobukumkani. Kwabangela ukungawi izinduna. Alexander wafudukela Pereyaslavl, apho waba yinkosana.

Ngaphandle umlawuli ezomeleleyo Novgorod nako ukumelana olunye utshaba - yenko-. Knights nozimanya ngokupheleleyo kunye Estonia ( "chudyu") wayithimba Izborsk kunye kamva Pskov. Emva konyaka, ezandleni zabo yaba iplanga isixeko phezu komlambo Luga. Yaroslav of Novgorod saqala ukucela ukuthumela ukunceda unyana wakhe. Ekuqaleni, iNkosana Grand wathumela Novgorod, unyana omncinane - UAndrew, kodwa emva izicelo phindwa ukusuka abemi ekuvunyelwene ukuthumela Alexander. Sokuthimba Aleksandra Nevskogo baba emilebeni zomntu wonke, ngoko ke iphini amathemba. Kwaye mna ndithi ukuba wayephila kubo ngokupheleleyo. Ngowe-1241 Novgorod gleefully kubulisa inkosana abaselula.

Wayesilwa amaJamani

Zonke nezigigaba Aleksandra Nevskogo zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso sokumiswa Russian. Uloyiso phezu amaJamani - akukho ngaphandle.

Prince Alexander, wafika Novgorod, waqalisa ukuba senze isigqibo ngoko. Kulo nyaka mnye wayithimba inqaba uthuthu lweziko, leyo yakhiwa yiJamani. Inxalenye bangi uye ude uthinjwe ngumfazi, abanye ukuya ekhaya kunye abangcatshi (Vozha River kunye Estonia) hung.

Emva konyaka, kunye Novgorod, Alesandire noAndreya umzalwana wakhe, amadoda aqhankqalaza kwi Pskov. Esi sixeko yakhululwa abahlaseli ibonakala ngcono. Inxalenye a German wabulawa, inxalenye wathumela Novgorod njengoko amaxhoba emfazwe.

Ukwakha phezu impumelelo, umkhosi wamajoni Russian wafudukela Estonia, kodwa wengxabano yokuqala vanguard ka-Alexander wahlulwa. amajoni Russian lweMedia.

April 5, 1242 kwabakho imfazwe phezu Lake Peipus, nto leyo kwimbali ekuthiwa Battle kwi-Ice. Estonia and baseJamani ihamba 'ihagu "(wayo), wabetha vanguard ka Russian, kodwa kungekudala amrhawula kunye kutshatyalaliswa.

feat Last Aleksandra Nevskogo

Ngowe-1245 kwidolophu Torzhok kunye Bezhetsk bafudukela umkhosi Lithuanian ikhokelwa yi Mindaugas. Xa abantu abanomdla kubomi umphathi omkhulu, wathi: "Yintoni na le feat yakutshanje Aleksandra Nevskogo?" Abaphandi uxanduva, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo ukuhlula Lithuanians.

Likhulula Toropets, Prince Alexander wabulala ezilishumi Neenkosana Lithuanians. Emva koko, wayindulula Novgorod ekhaya kunye namandla yomdlalo wambamba waza woyisa umkhosi Lithuanian ngokupheleleyo Lake Zhiztsa. Ukubuyela Novgorod, squad wenkosi uya woyisa omnye kwecala Lithuanians.

Squad Alexander kwaba nempembelelo ukuloyisa. Nkqu ukukhankanywa kwabangela iintshaba okukhulu. 3 feat Aleksandra Nevskogo, awawenzayo kwabatyebileyo bakhe anobukroti, ababa nako ukufikelela i Batu. Emva kokuba ekubulaleni Lithuanians Alexander "wabiza" kwi-mkhosi.

Relations kunye Tatar-Mongols

Ngowe-1947, uAndrew akamsukela umzalwana wakhe Alexander Nevsky, waya ndatu, anayo. Abazalwana babuyela kuphela ngo-1249. Andrew ezivela Khan emfutshane kwitrone Vladimir kunye Alexander - eyayiseKiev. isimo esisemthethweni elinikwe Alexander, lwalulude. Kodwa ke nangezinto elubhuqa Kyïv ngokoqobo isabalulekile kubomi karhulumente. Alexander ngoko abanelisekanga nale sigqibo. Ngeke sigcine e Kiev, waya Novgorod.

Nkqubo Aleksandra Nevskogo iminyaka emininzi ichazwa ubudlelane phakathi eRashiya loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, eMpuma West. Kamva, njengombingelelo le anayo aqhubeka iinkosana Muscovite - nabazukulwana kunye kakhulu-nabazukulwana Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ukuba nako ukuze ekugqibeleni ukubuyisela amandla Russia, yaye ekugqibeleni kwakhona idyokhwe ndamthiya.

Laso Prince Alexander

Uhide nabanye Aleksandra Nevskogo, asikwazi maluphelele impumelelo yakhe yasemkhosini. Yena waba ngonozakuzaku yimpumelelo, uyakwazi ukungena ngemvume kubaluleke kakhulu zeekhontrakthi karhulumente. Ngowe-1251 wakwazi ukuba utyikitye isivumelwano phakathi Norway Novgorod phezu kwemida iingxabano umda kunye iirhafu irhafu kwi kwintsimi enkulu elakhiweyo yi-Sami ne Karelian. Ngowe-1260 waba isayine isivumelwano sorhwebo ne iLübeck, Gotland kunye nemizi German. Waba ixesha elide kakhulu. Ke wabhekisela kuye nkqu ngo 1420.

Imihla yokugqibela ka-Alexander

Sibuyele 1263 ukusuka Eyesine uhambo ukuya mkhosi mkhulu kunene, Alexander wagula. Gorodets, nto leyo ukwakweli iVolga, evakalelwa ukuba iintsuku zakhe zibaliwe, inkosana wathabatha kwizibhambathiso zabo emishini, kwaye ngomhla we-14 Novemba wayesele engasekho yena.

sanixelela ngobomi indoda enkulu leyo, ogama igalelo kwimbali karhulumente Russian ayikwazi babebiza imali. Sokuthimba Aleksandra Nevskogo, ubomi bakhe, uloyiso phezu edabini, kunye yemfaneleko esikhulu esifanelwe sibe nentlonelo.