Umqambi waseJamani uRichard Strauss: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

URichard Strauss ungumqambi oomsebenzi wakhe kunye neengoma zomculo ezithatyathwe yityhilelo. Ukucacisa (imbonakalo) yemisebenzi yakhe yindlela esabela ngayo kumntu welo xesha.

URichard Strauss. Biography yomqambi

Ilizwe likaRichard alikho. Ngowe-1864, iMunich yayingumzi wobukumkani obuzimeleyo baseBavaria, ngoko yahlanganisana namazwe aseJamani. Ngomhla ka-Juni ka-11, unyana womnquli wenkundla uFranz Strauss wazalelwa. UBawo wayekhonza kwi-opera njengomdlali wephondo (isicatshulwa somoya esifana nombhobho womoya ). Nguye owayengumfundisi wokuqala womculo kaRichard. Iiklasi zanikeza uvuyo lwangempela kubo bobabini, oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ineminyaka engama-6 le nkwenkwe inomculo kunye nesixhobo. Ukongezelela, wazimela ngokuzimeleyo i-opera yokuqala kwaye akazange ayeke ukubhala ade afe.

Inzululwazi kaYise yayibonakala iyilondoloze kakhulu kumfana osemncinci, wayefuna ingcaciso ehlukeneyo kumculo. Ngomnyaka we-1874, uRichard Strauss waqala waqhelana nomsebenzi kaWagner, ngokukhawuleza unqobe isitayela kunye nemizwelo yeevenas. Kodwa uyise uqikelela ukuba le mi sebenzi isebenza njengomculo ongaphantsi kwaye uyamnqabela unyana wakhe ukuba abephulaphule. Kuphela emva kokufikelela kumntu omdala, uRichard uqala ukufunda ngokujulile ngamanqaku "Tristan kunye ne-Isolde". Okwangoku, uya kwiingxoxo ze-Orchestra yeNkundla kwaye ufumana izifundo kwi-orchestration and theory.

Isitayela somqambi

Umculo ka-Strauss ukhangele indlela yakhe edumile, awayithatha iminyaka emininzi. Ngomnyaka we-1882, wangena kwiZiko lefilosofi kunye neMbali eMunich, kodwa ushiya ukuqeqeshwa konyaka. Kodwa yilapho ekwazi khona uMax Schillings. Abantu abancinci ababini baba ngabahlobo abasondeleyo kangangokuthi u-Strauss unyanzela umhlobo ukuba enze umsebenzi wakhe othandekayo ngokukodwa. Ngombulelo, iJamani ifumana umqhubi oqaqambileyo kunye nomqambi wemveliso yecateral, kunye nomfundisi kunye nomlobi we-Opera Mona Lisa.

URichard Strauss ngokwakhe uya eBerlin. Kulapho ufumana i-post of conductor kwaye uyaqhubeka ebhala iingqungquthela kwisitayela sikayise. Umzekeliso wakhe "I-Concerto yesiFulentshi iPhondo 1". Emva kwe-1883, umfana uStrauss wahlangana no-Alexander Ritter. Isihlobo esikude sikaWagner siyamkholisa loo mfana ukuba umculo wakhe oyinyaniso awukwazi ukuphindaphinda komntu, iimbongo zee-symphonic yindlela echanekileyo yokubumba komqambi. Ukususela kulo mzuzwana, isitayela esilula kunye nesicacileyo sikaStrauss siyaqina ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ubomi bomntu

Impembelelo enkulu kwixesha elizayo kunye nobuchule bukaRichard Strauss wayengumtshato wakhe ocolileyo kuPaulina Maria de Ane. Badibana ngo-1887 eMunich. U-Paulina wayeseqala umsebenzi wakhe wedwa njengomculi we-opera kunye nokufunda izifundo kumqambi. Njengoko umlenze wamlandela waya ku-Weimar. Wenza ngokugqithiseleyo ingqungquthela yakhe ngo-1890, ngo-1894 wenza inxaxheba kwiprafta yothisha wakhe "uGuntram". Umtshato wabaselula wenziwa ngoSeptemba 10 eMarquartstein.

Uhlobo olungenangqondo lomfazi wakhe omncinci u-Richter wayehlala enyamezela, ebonisa ukuba ngumntu onetalente. Ngokwezinye zeenkcazo zakhe, eziye zasinda nanamhla, emva kokuxabana noPaulina, uhanjelwe nguMusi oPhezulu wokuPhefumlelwa. Enyanisweni, ngexesha lomtshato uRichard Strauss wenza imisebenzi yakhe engcono. Ngenxa yomfazi wakhe, wabhala iingoma eziliqela, emva kokusebenza kwenyameko lomculi.

Ubomi obonwabileyo bendibini othandanayo buphelile ngephutha elingaqhelekanga. Ngenye imini, wam umfazi wanikwa inqaku kumyeni wakhe xa ekhangele eJamani, evela kumfazi ongaziwa. Ngomso, uPaulina waqhawula umtshato. Xa ebuyela ekhaya, uRichard wazama ukuchazela umdlali wecala ukuba wayengenanto ityala, kodwa wayengafuni ukumphulaphula. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwemihla yakhe umqambi wayenemvakalelo yothando ngomntu owayengumfazi wakhe, wayebhalile umculo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye akazange adibane nomnye umntu.

Ubuchule beStrauss

Umqambi uRichard Strauss wazama ukungafihli "kwiimvula zepolitiki" kweli lizwe, kodwa njengomdali oyinyaniso wayenomdla wabantu bakhe. Waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-80 waza wafumana iintlawulo ezintathu zoorhulumente ezahlukeneyo. Ubungqingili bomqambi busebenza ngokumangalisayo. Ungabhala umculo rhoqo kwaye yonke indawo, ngaphandle kokufumana "ukuguqulwa" kokudala okanye iintlungu. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "Guntram", owadalwa ngowe-1893, ngumdlalo womculo, wakhiwe ngokukodwa kwisampula yokuqala kwisibhengeli.

Umsebenzi oqhubekayo womqambi unalo hlobo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinikezela ngombono wabalobi abahlukeneyo. "Evela eItali" (ngo-1886, uRichard Strauss) - imbongo yesiqhelo, ebhaliweyo malunga nokubonakala kwendlela. Xa uneminyaka engama-21, umqambi omncinane uhambela ilizwe lomtshato inyanga kwaye ugcwele imvakalelo engqondweni aze awathulule kumanqaku omculo. Isimo sengqondo sombukeli kwi-symphony singenangqondo, kodwa umqambi uqala ukuthetha nokukhumbula igama lakhe.

UDon Juan (1889)

Ngama-25, i-Strauss ifinyelela kwimpumelelo kwaye iyanqoba umhlaba wezomculo nale mbongo enamandla. Apha unokuziva unempembelelo yelanga laseNtaliyane, kunye nokuthandana nomfundi wakho we-Anu. Ukuzinikezela kwimbongo uLudwig Tuilles, kunye naye owayefundayo eMunich. I-premiere yenzeke ngoNovemba 11, yayingenasiphelo kwaye ibe nempumelelo enkulu.

"UDon Juan" ibali lomculo malunga nomthandi ongathinteliyo. Umxholo wama-violin impetuous, unxanelwe ukuzonwabisa, ulandelelanisa kwisingeniso esithomisayo, njengomlilo. Iibhendi kunye nehadi baxelela ngomlingo wothando nothando lomfazi. Izandi ezisezantsi ze-varton kunye ne-clarinet zithethwa ngomsindo omnene ngezwi elifihlakeleyo le-violins. Iibhendi zihlangene kunye nombhobho ugcwalise umphefumlo ngononophelo olungapheliyo. Ukuphela komdlalo yi-tremolo yama-violins, kwaye umthandi uphinde wachitheka kwaye unesizungu.

Macbeth (1888-1890)

Emva ko "uDon Juan" uRichard Strauss wabhala i-opera "Macbeth". Le symphony ayizange yenze i-furore enkulu kwaye ithathwa njengongqongqo. Utata womqambi unikeza lo msebenzi uvavanyo olubukhali kwaye kwiincwadi zakhe zicela ukuba zigqitywe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, le ngcamango ayiyonto embi, kodwa kufanelekile ukuphosa zonke izixhobo ezingaphezulu. Ingumsizi okhusela umbonisi ukuba angaqondanga umbhali nokuva oko wayefuna ukukusho.

Kodwa ke abantu abaninzi bayifumana ukuvalela kwimeko yabo yengqondo. Ukubonakalisa uShakespeare, intlekele kunye nesitywina solwaphulo-mthetho yimiqondo efumanekayo yokunika amandla. Lo msebenzi uphathelene nokusebenza kunye nokunxanelwa inzuzo ngabantu abangayi kuyeka nangaphambi kolwaphulo-mthetho.

"Ukufa nokukhanyiselwa" (1888-1889 gg.)

Le opera nguRichard Strauss yimbono eyingqiqo yemithetho yehlabathi kunye nobuthathaka babantu. Kubhaliwe ekutshintshiseni urhulumente kwaye kubonisa ukwesaba koluntu lwanamhlanje ngaphambi kokutshintshwa nokungaqiniseki kwekamva. Iingcamango zobuhlwempu kunye nokufa kwimbongo kaRichard ikhuthaza ukuqonda kwayo.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zombhali, le symphony ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo, imifanekiso yayo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Kodwa njengomsebenzi ohlukeneyo u-opera othakazelisayo wobugcisa. Ingongoma yonke kukungabikho koqhaqhazo lwengqondo ngaphambi kokuphela okungenakukuphepheka nokwesabisayo komntu oxabisa kakhulu ubukho bakhe.

"Ukuzonwabisa ngamacandelo" (1895)

U Strauss wanikela umngane wakhe u-Arthur Zaydlyu kwiindlela zokuzonwabisa zikaTill Ulenspiegel. Bafunda kwiyunivesithi efanayo eMunich baza bavumelana ngokuthanda umsebenzi kaWagner. UZaydl ngexesha elinye wayebhekwa njengengcali kumsebenzi kunye neengcamango zomqambi, oye waxelisa bonke ubomi bakhe nguRichard. Emva koko, u-Arthur wasebenza njengomhleli weempapasho zaseJamani kunye no-V. Klatte wabhala incwadi malunga nomhlobo wakhe. "Impawu yesikhombiso" yimbali yokuqala kunye nokuhlaziywa komsebenzi womculo kaR. R. Strauss.

Ingqungquthela yenza i-start yayo eCologne, yenziwa yi-Herzen-i-orchestra, eyenziwa yi-F. Wultern. Ubungakanani bomsebenzi wimizuzu eyi-15 nje kuphela, kodwa abagxekayo bakubheka ukuba le nto iyinxalenye yetalente yombhali. Ekuhlaziyweni kwakhe, uMnumzane Kennedy umbiza ngokuthi "ungumntu". Umdlalo uqulethe i-episodes ezingama-27, ezibeka umsebenzi kwiqonga leentlanga zeqhawe lika Ulenspiegel ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni.

"Wathetha ngeZarathustra" (1896)

Ekudalweni kwalo mbongo, omnye umqambi uArthur Seidl wathatha inxaxheba kwakhona. Ngomgca wakhe wezoshishino, ukususela ngo-1898 ukuya ku-1999 wayengumsebenzi we-Nietzsche Archives. Nguye owamnika uRichard incwadi yomntu owaziwayo, "Wathetha iZarathustra." I-Strauss, phantsi kwengcamango yolufundiweyo, ubhala inkondlo enomculo ohambelanayo. Amaqhekeza angama-9 anamagama avela kwizahluko zencwadi. Umbhali ngokwakhe uqhuba ukusebenza kokuqala eFrankfurt.

Abagxeki bayakuvuyela umzekelo ocacileyo we-German Romanticism, apho uhlobo "lwesinyulu" lusebenzisana nokuxolisa. Umculo uvame ukusetyenziswa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje nakwiimifanekiso. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-screen saver "Yintoni? Phi? Nini? "Kwaye kwiphephancwadi" Space Odyssey. " UMlawuli S. Kubrick wathatha iinqununu ze-symphony "I-Spoke Zarathustra" (Strauss) ngokubonakaliswa kokuphuhliswa kokungaqhelekanga kwendalo yonke.

"USalome" (1905)

Umdlalo kaRichard ubhalwe ngokwemisebenzi ka-Oscar Wilde, eyabhalwa ngu- Sarah Bernhardt umbhali . I-premiere yaphawulwa ngolu hlobo oluhlaselayo eBerlin ukuba lunokuthathwa ngokuphumelela komdlalo. U-Eroticism kunye novelwano, eMpuma yeemvakalelo, umfanekiso wobuhenyu kaSalome ngokungafani nokuhlambulukiswa koMbhaptizi-lo ngumzekeliso okhuthazayo womqambi njengoRichard Strauss. "USalome" wabhalwa iminyaka kunye nesiqingatha. Kwinkqubo yokubhala ibhalisa umlinganisi wesigqibo esiphezulu. Esikhundleni se-monster ephathekayo kunye ngqo, eyamkelwa yiminqweno yesilwanyana, intombazana enobuthakathaka yabonakala, yamkelwa ngentshiseko enkulu.

Kwi-Puritan eJamani, i-opera yabangela iingcamango eziphikisanayo nabagxeki. Kwaye neemvumi zenqaba ukwenza iindima kumdlalo, zibiza ngokuziphatha okubi. Umdlali wokuqala, owanikezwa inxaxheba kaSalome, wamphendula ngomsindo uRichard wathi: "Ndiyindoda ehloniphekileyo!". Nangona kunjalo, ngulo mculi uMnuz Wittich owathatha isibindi sokusebenza kokuqala.

I-Alpine (1915)

Ingoma yokugqibela yesiqhelo somqambi waseJamani. Nangona esemncinci, uRichard wayekhathazekile ngombono wokudala umculo ozwakala ngathi unyukela ezintabeni. Izihlandlo ezithathu waqala umsebenzi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba umshicileli womculo ushicile indawo yomlilo. Ngowe-1914, emva kwe-opera "Umfazi ongenanto isithunzi", umlobi uphinde uqalise uphuhliso lwalo mbono.

I-premiere yenzeke ngoFebruwari 18 eBerlin, umbhali wenza. "Alpine Symphony" yenye yezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu kwixesha lethu. Le yimiziki yomculo, yaphuka ibe yintsikelelo ngamaqela angama-22. Ingqungquthela yokugqibela kaRichard ngokucacileyo le nkondlo eyenziwa yiBavarian State Orchestra ngo-1941.

Iingoma zomqambi

Ngethuba lobomi bakhe, umbhali wabhala iingoma ezininzi kwi-soprano, eyavunywa ngumfazi wakhe othandekayo. Ngowe-1948, "ezine iingoma zokugqibela" zadalwa. Ngeekhonsathi lo msebenzi uhlabelelwa ekupheleni. URichard Strauss, iingoma zakhe zazihlala zizele unxano lobomi kwaye zithandekile, kumsebenzi wokugqibela wabhala ngokukhathala nokuzibulala. Ukulindela ukuphela kukuvakala ukuzola, ngokuzithemba komntu ophile ubomi bakhe.

"Ngobusuku bokukhanya" - ingoma yokuqala ikhuluma ngoxolo lwengqondo, ebhaliweyo kwimibongo ka-Eichendorf. Emva koko kuza "Spring" kwaye "Fall sleep". "USeptemba" wokugqibela uyangena ngokugqithiseleyo kwimoya yekwindla kunye nemvula emvula. Le mi sebenzi isekelwe kwimibongo kaG. Hesse. Zonke iziqulatho zidibanisa ngokungafaniyo zomculo kunye neetekisi. Umoya kunye nesitayela zinamandla kangangokuthi abagxekayo, ukuqonda iingoma ziphelelwe yisikhathi nangeminyaka engama-48, kwaye ngoku bayazibona njengendalo yendalo.

Umbhali nomqhubi

Ukongeza kwii-opas ze-symphonic ezingentla apha, uRichard wabhala "I-Home Symphony" kunye ne "Don Quixote", "Ubomi beHero" kunye ne-suite "I-Bourgeois kwi-Nobility", kunye nezinye izinto eziphumeleleyo kwaye azisebenzi. Ukongeza kokubhala, uStrauss ungumqhubi womculo wakhe nomsebenzi wabanye abaqambi. I-repertoire yakhe yi-opas and symphonies yabalobi bekhulu le-18-20.

URichard Strauss - owokugqibela ngothando lwakhe-wabonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe ngokuhlekisa nokulula:

"Mhlawumbi andiyena umqambi we-notch, kodwa ndingumqambi wezinga lesibini!"