U-Aslan Maskhadov: i-biography, imbali kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

UMaskhadov Aslan Alievich - enye yezinto ezintle kakhulu ezinobungqina bemihla yamandulo. Abanye abantu bamjonga njengeqhawe labantu baseChechen, abanye - isigebengu. Ngubani u-Aslan Maskhadov ngokwenene? Ubume beli bali liza kuba yinto yesifundo sethu.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

UMaskhadov Aslan Alievich wazalelwa ekwindla ka-1951 kwidolophana encinane kwintsimi yase- Kazakh SSR, apho abazali bakhe baxoshwa khona ngelo xesha. Intsapho yakhe ivela kwiTapa Alleria.

Ngomnyaka we-1957, ekuqalekeni kwintlanzi, amaChekchen awathunjwa abuye ahlaziywa. Oku kwavumela u-Aslan, kunye nabazali bakhe, ukuba babuyele kwiRepchen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Apho bahlala kwelinye leedolophu zaseNadterchensky.

Ngo-1966, u-Aslan Maskhadov wajoyina i-Komsomol, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibili wagqiba isikolo sakhe esiphakathi kwesikolo. Ngomnyaka we-1972 waphumelela kwisikolo samkhosi eTbilisi, ekhethekileyo kwimveliso yabasebenzi beenqwelo. Emva koko, iminyaka emihlanu wayesebenza emkhosini eMpuma Ekude, apho wavuka waya kwithuba lokutshatyalaliswa kwekhefu. Ngelo xesha wavunyelwa kwiinqanaba zeCPSU.

Ngowe-1981, ekuboniseni iziphumo ezintle kwizifundo, waphumelela kwi-Military Artillery Academy, eLeningrad.

Emva kokugqweswa, wathunyelwa eHungary, apho wayekhonza njengomlawuli wenkunzi yamatye.

Ekutshweni kwexesha elide

Ngomnyaka we-1986, njengomlawuli we-regiment kunye nebala lika-colonel Aslan Maskhadov wathunyelwa eLithuania. Ngethuba lexesha lomyalelo wakhe, wayedla ngokuphindwe kabini ukuba uyona nto ibhetele kwiBaltics. Yena ngokwakhe wamiselwa ukuba abe ngumphathi wabasebenzi be-missile force.

Ngelo xesha, iinkqubo zaqhubeka kweli lizwe, elikusasa elikhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwe-USSR kunye nokutshintsha kwenkqubo yentlalo. Ngaphambi kwamanye amaRiphablikhi, ukuthambekela kwe-centrifugal kwaqala ukuvela kwiiMerika yaseBaltic. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqhankqalazo olusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemikhosi exhobileyo, uMaskhadov wayekhumbula, nangona inxalenye yakhe ithatha inxaxheba kwizenzo ezichasene nabavukeli.

Ngomnyaka we-1992, wasula phantsi kwiinqanaba zaseRussia. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba esi sigqibo sichazwe ngokungahambisani nayo kunye namagunya aphezulu asezempi, abanye - ukwanda komngcele waseChechen-Ingush.

IChechen yokuqala

Emva kokuyeka emsebenzini u-Aslan Maskhadov waya kwikomkhulu yaseChechnya-Grozny. Ngaloo xesha uJokhar Dudayev, owayezimeleyo u-Ichkeria (CRI), wayesele athathe amandla. Ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni, uMaskhadov wamiselwa kubo ngentloko yezoKhuseleko loLuntu, kwaye emva koko yiNtloko yabaSebenzi beeMpi.

Ukususela ngo-1994, kwabizwa ngokuba yi-First Chechen War. U-Aslan Maskhadov wayekhokela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhusela iGrozny, apho wafumana igosa lokwahlula jikelele kwiDudayev. Emva kobunkokheli bakhe, kukho imisebenzi enempumelelo eyenziwa, ngokugqithisileyo iGrozny emva kokusebenza kwesi sixeko ngamajoni aseRussia.

E-Russia, iMaskhadov yayitshutshiswa njengomdali weqela elixhobileyo elingekho mthethweni, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, alimthinteli ukuba axoxisane nabaphathi baseRashiya.

Ngo-1996, ngexesha lokhetho oluthile, u-Dzhokhar Dudayev wabulawa, kodwa oku akuzange kuthintele izenzo eziphumelelayo zama-Chechen balwisana nomkhosi waseRussia.

Ngo-1996, kwavunyelwene izivumelwano phakathi kukaRhulumente waseRussia Federation kunye nabameli be-Ichkeria. Ukusayina kwezivumelwano zoxolo kwenzeka kwisixeko saseDagestan saseKhasavyurt. Ukusuka kwi-CRI isivumelwano esasayinwa nguMaskhadov Aslan Alievich. Imbali yenkqubela yeChechen, kubonakala ngathi, iphelile. Ezi mvu melwano ziye zaxela ukuhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseRussia kwimimandla yaseChechnya, isivumelwano sokunyulwa komongameli omtsha we-Ichkeria, kunye nokuhlehliswa komcimbi wokugqiba isigqibo se-CRI kuze kube ngo-2001. Ngaloo ndlela wagqiba iMfazwe yokuqala yaseChechen.

Kwisithuba soMongameli

Emva kokusayinwa kwezivumelwano zeKhavyvyurt phambi kokhetho lonyulo lukazwelonke. Malunga. UMongameli we-CRI nguZelimkhan Yandarbiyev. U-Aslan Maskhadov waba ngumbuso wongqongqoshe kunye nomphathiswa wokhuselo.

NgoJanuwari 1997, ukhetho lukaMongameli lwenzeka, apho u-Aslan Maskhadov wancothula, phambi koSamsil Basayev noZelimkhan Yandarbiyev.

Ekuqaleni, uMaskhadov wazama ukwakha i-Chechen eyaziwayo kwimimiselo yedemokhrasi yoluntu. Kodwa izikhundla zakhe zibuthathaka. Ngokuchasene noko, ama-extremism yamaSilamsi, abalawuli beentsimi kunye neenkokeli zamagundane ahlukeneyo aqala ukufumana amandla angakumbi e-Chechnya.

I-Maskhadov ngokubanzi yayingekhopolitiki, kodwa yindoda yempi. Kwakudingeka aqhube phakathi kwala maqela, ukuba azinikezele. Oku kwakhokelela ekuqhubeni phambili, ukuhlengahlengiswa kunye nokuphulwa komthetho kwe-Chechen. Kwi-CRI yaqalisa umthetho we-sharia, iRiphablikhi yayigxininiswe ngabangqineli bangaphandle, abalawuli bezandla baqala ukubonisa ukungathobeli uhulumeni waseIchkeria.

I-Chechen yesibili

Isiphumo sale meko kukuba ngo-1999, abalawuli bezandla uShamil Basayev noKhattab ngokungenasigqibo, ngaphandle kwemigwebo yomongameli kunye noorhulumente we-CRI, bahlasela ummandla weDagestan. Ngaloo ndlela yaqala iMfazwe yesiTshayina yesiBini.

Nangona uMaskhadov wayegweba esidlangalaleni izenzo zeBhayayev, iKhattab kunye nabanye abalawuli beentsimi, abazange bakwazi ukuzilawula. Ngoko ke, inkokheli yaseRashiya, emva kokubamba iidemon ezivela kwintsimi yaseDagestan, yagqiba ekubeni iqhube ukusebenza ukuze iyitshabalalise kwintsimi yaseCzech.

Ukungena kwemikhosi yaseRashiya kwintsimi ye-CRI kwakhokelela ekujonganeni ngqo phakathi kweMaskhadov kunye norhulumente waseRashiya. Waqala ukukhokela. UMongameli we-Ikkeria waqala ukuvakaliswa ukuba ngu-All-Russian kwaye emva koko wayefuna umntu wamazwe ngamazwe. Ekuqaleni, iMaskhadov yayingabhekisela ngqo kwiqela elincinci, kuba abaninzi abalawuli beentlanga abazange bamthobele, kwaye ngo-2002 kuphela umyalelo oqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, Basayev, Khattab kunye nezinye iinkokheli zamajoni zihlangene neMaskhadov.

Izenzo zaseRashiya e-Chechnya ngeli xesha zaziphumelele kakhulu kunokuba liphulo lokuqala. Ekupheleni kuka-2000, umkhosi waseRashiya wawulawula i-Chechnya enkulu. Ama-ambulensi ayefihla ezintabeni, ukulungelelanisa izenzo zongxowa-mthetho.

Ukufa kweMaskhadov

Ekugqibeleni ukutshabalalisa isikhulu samaphekula eChechnya, iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zaseRashiya zanquma ukuqhuba inamba yemisebenzi ukuze iqulethe iinjongo zamapolisa.

Ngomhla ka-Matshi 2005, kwenziwa umsebenzi okhethekileyo wokugcina intloko ye-Ichkeria. U-Aslan Maskhadov wabulawa ebudeni balo. Ngokomnye uguqulelo, wadutshulwa ngumlindi, kuba uMaskhadov akafuni ukuyeka ukuphilisa.

Usapho

UMaskhadov wayenomfazi, unyana kunye nentombi. Umfazi ka-Aslan Maskhadov, uKusam Semiev, wayengumqhubi wefoni phambi komtshato wakhe ngo-1972. Emva kokufa kwendoda yakhe, wahlala kumazwe ahlala ixesha elide, de kube ngowama-2016 wanikwa imvume yokubuyela eKecchnya.

Unyana ka-Aslan Maskhadov - uAnzor - wazalwa ngo-1979. Ufundiswe eMalaysia. Okwangoku uhlala eFinland kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi baseRussia, ngokukodwa uRamzan Kadyrov.

Intombi kaMaskhadov - Fatima - yazalwa ngo-1981. Njengomntakwabo, ngoku uhlala eFinland.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Kunokuba kunzima ukunika inkcazelo engakhethiyo yeso sibalo esingenangqondo njengoAslan Maskhadov. Abanye abantu bayayithanda, abanye bayidemoni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantu abaninzi baqhelana naye bayabonakalisa uMaskhadov njengegosa elihle, indoda ezukileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, wabonisa ukungakwazi ukulawula urhulumente kwaye wayengenako ukuthobela urhulumente ophakathi kwiqela elithile e-Ichkeria, apho wayehlala ehamba khona.

Njengamanje, izenzo kunye neepotethi zigcinwe kumemori ka-Aslan Maskhadov efuna ukuba izikhulu zaseRussia zikhuphe umzimba wakhe kwiintsapho zakhe. Kodwa ngoku abazange baholele kwiziphumo.

Inyaniso

Ngoxa wayefunda esikolweni eLeningrad, u-Aslan Maskhadov wamcela ukuba amthiye ngu-Oleg, kwaye kwimiqulu ebhalwe kuyo njengo-Oslan. Ukongezelela, abafundi beklasini babecala ukungabikho kwenkolo eMaskhadov, kunye nelokuba wayengayeki ukukrazula ingilazi, nangona yayithintela i-Islam.

Ngokwabalingane bakhe, uMaskhadov wathetha ngokugqithiseleyo ngokumemezela ukuzimela kwakhe kweLithuania, ngokubhekiselele kwi-separatism.

Ngokweminye imithombo yolwazi, iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo zaseRashiya zakwazi ukubala indawo kaMaskhadov nge-IMEI yefowuni.