Kazakh SSR kunye nembali indalo yayo

Modern Kazakhstan yeyona inkulu yi ndawo emva eRashiya omnye kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu ngokwezoqoqosho le ico. eyandulela wakhe ngokukhawuleza yaba republic eSoviet Union - i-Kazakh SSR. Imbali emfundo kawonke-wonke efanayo ngexesha uqhagamshele yethu efanayo eSoviet kunye izinto mihla Kazakhstan. Makhe sijonge kuyo ngokusebenzisa bemilo kule minyaka idlulileyo.

prehistory

Kodwa ukuze ubone oko iinkqubo kwakhokelela ukuvela ezifana nemfundo yoluntu njengoko Kazakh yiSoviet Socialist Republic, simele sibuyele emva ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba esineengcambu sokumiswa of Kazakhs.

Ngemvelaphi ye-Kazakh sokumiswa ibhekisa ixesha ngokuwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunye nokwabiwa esekelwe mabhodlo yayo Uzbek Khanate ye-Kazakh mkhosi. Esi siganeko ngokwesiko yomhla nonyaka 1465, xa aneliseke ulawulo iinkokeli Uzbek Khan Abulhair Kerey kunye Janibek ikhokelwa iinkampu zabo Nomad wahlukana kude isimo sakhe. Besizwe ababelandela kubo, baqala ukubiza le Kazakhs, bona bubonakala evela Turkish njenge "singabakhululekileyo."

Noko ke, urhulumente entsha kakhulu ingazinzi, kwaye zangaphakathi ngokupheleleyo akazange. Ngowe-1718, phantsi koxinzelelo kugqogqa Jungars ekugqibeleni ndahlukana ube zahlulo zithathu: Junior, Middle and Senior Juz. Waza waqala ixesha wamagazi ye-Kazakh-Jungar emkhosini. Kazakhs basindise intshabalalo epheleleyo wanceda kukwamkelwa ngcembe kuphela ebudeni benkulungwane XVIII Kazakh khans ngabemi Russian. Ekuqaleni Khanate babekwazi gqitha, kodwa ebudeni benkulungwane XIX, oko liya bupheliswe, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni noqhankqalazo. Ngowe-1824, igunya Khan ekugqibeleni bayiyeka, kunye namazwe Kazakh yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Inxalenye ongezantsi Kazakhstan namhlanje, ingakumbi kufuneka anayo liphezulu, kodwa yomnika indleko ukuzimela, yaye yathathwa eRussia zobuntlola Central Asia kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX. Kazakhs indawo nokuhlaliswa kwaye yahlulwa phakathi kwe Turkestan kunye West eSiberia irhuluneli-generalship, kwaye iphondo Orenburg. Ngeli xesha ke ziye ngokuba Kirghiz kaysakov ukuba mazingabhidaniswa Cossacks Russian.

Kodwa ngowe-1917 kwakukho ukuwa yoBukhosi baseRashiya baqalisa ngexesha Civil beMfazwe, nto leyo kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu bayahlelwa Kazakhs kwaye wadlala indima ebonakalayo zokusekwa kwe-Kazakh SSR.

ixesha ngxabano

Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, umzabalazo zezopolitiko bexhobile walwa phezu kummandla Kazakhstan yanamhlanje. Ngeli xesha, simisa Inkululeko yesizwe - emantla - Alash (Alash Orda) kunye iziko e Semipalatinsk, nakwelasezantsi - i Turkestan, nekomkhulu yayo Kokand. Zombini kumbuso ibhangayo iiBolsheviks ngexesha leMfazwe Civil: lokuqala - ngo-1920, kwaye eyesibini - ngo-1918. Kummandla wabo ube ukwakhiwa, ngokulandelelana Kirghiz Ukuzilawula Socialist Soviet Republic kunye Turkestan Soviet Republic,.

Zulu imthetho

Ngexesha kokusekwa kwayo, ngoJulayi 16, 1920 ummandla Kyrgyz ASSR kuquka omkhulu Kazakhstan namhlanje. Kulo wangena intsimi hayi kuphela kumazantsi eli lizwe, leyo, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, ziye yafakwa eSoviet Republic of Turkestan. Kodwa njengenxalenye ye-Kirghiz SSR baba Karakalpakiya kunye nommandla Orenburg mihla, Orenburg kwaye iziko yolawulo. Kyrgyz ASSR an ukuzimela yafakwa kwi RSFSR, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye Turkestan.

Ngexesha khona kwalo ndawo KASSR unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka 1924-1925 sele ifakiwe ubulungu balo mmandla osemazantsi Kazakhstan mihla, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Turkestan Soviet Republic nje elide.

Kazakh ASSR

Sisazi ukuba inguqulelo "Kirghiz Kaisaks" asiyo self-nesikhundla Kazakhs, ngoAprili 1925 igama lo Kirgiz Ukuzilawula yiSoviet Socialist Republic kwi-Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Ikomkhulu wasuswa Orenburg ukuya Kyzyl-Orda, phambi ngokuba Ak-Mosque, yaye Orenburg sifunda uyazimela kummandla okuzimela mazigqithiselwe kolawulo ngqo RSFSR. Ngowe-1927, xa ukutshintshwa elikomkhulu kwenzeka, eli xesha Alma-Ata, apho wahlala iziko yolawulo kumaqumrhu awohlukeneyo karhulumente Kazakhs de-1997, okt iminyaka engama-70.

Ngowe-1930, i-Karakalpak izimele, leyo watshintshelwa ngaphantsi ngqo RSFSR eyayohlulwe KazASSR. Ngenxa yoko, indawo le elizayo Kazakh USSR kwasekwa phantse ngokupheleleyo, yaye kuphela utshintsho bengabalulekanga kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.

Formation of the Kazakh yiSoviet Union

Ngowe-1936 eSoviet Union yamkela siseko omtsha, ngokwendlela apho Kazakh ASSR uye wafumana iwonga republic womanyano. Kule nkalo, kuye kwakuthe evela RSFSR, wafumana amalungelo ayo alinganayo, yaye ukususela ngoko yabizwa ngokuba Kazakh yiSoviet Socialist Republic. Ngoko kwakukho zokusekwa kwe-Kazakh SSR.

Management kwi-Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Enyanisweni, lo ulawulo Kazakh SSR ngokupheleleyo ezandleni Communist Party of Kazakhstan, wasekwa ngo-1937, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo CPSU. Ubuso ephambili kwiriphabliki wayengumbhali lokuqala zeqela. Nangona ngegama intloko adibeneyo Republic of Kazakhstan kwakujongwa i Ephakamileyo Council Elawulayo. Kunye neBhunga Ephakamileyo na iziko lezowiso-mthetho. Wabakhapha ukuba 1990 nguSihlalo Elawulayo, uze - iBhunga Ephakamileyo.

kwisahlulo Territorial le Kazakh SSR

Kazakh SSR yaba isakhiwo solawulo, ezifana ngokwahlulwa sendawo ezinye republic eSoviet. Bebonke kwiindawo 19 kwasekwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni-imi- 60 kwiindawo ezithile Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic zaye zadityaniswa ngohlangothi (Tselinny, West Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan), kodwa ukugcinwa imisebenzi yayo yolawulo. Kodwa kwiminyaka yee-60s kwagqitywa ukuba masiyeke candelo.

imifuziselo

Njengabo bonke imfundo karhulumente, i-Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic waba neempawu zayo - iflegi, imifanekiso kunye umhobe.

Iflegi yokuqala Republic neflegi ebomvu kunye nombhalo "I-Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" ngeelwimi Russian kunye Kazakh, kwakunye ihamile kunye irhengqa kwikona ephezulu ekhohlo. Yile iflegi njengoko urhulumente fixed-siseko Kazakh yiSoviet Socialist Republic ngo-1937. Kodwa ngo-1953, kubekho iinguqu ezibalulekileyo: mbhalo isusiwe, kodwa sele ifakwe kwi nkwenkwezi-etsolo ezintlanu kunye band obhulowu ezantsi ngelaphu. Kule fomu Kazakh SSR iflegi yayikhona kuze kwiRiphabliki Imveliso esuka kwi Union.

Emva koko, ngo-1937, kuye kwamkelwa yaye ingubo iingalo Kazakh SSR. Mu kuya kwa nshita iflegi ithuba ubukho kwalo unenzondelelo utshintsho olungephi. umfanekiso wakhe ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Kazakh SSR iculo wavunywa ngo 1945. Kulo umculo Mukan Tulebaev, evgeniya Brusilovskogo kunye Latif Hamidi zaye ndibeke amazwi Kayum Mukhamedkhanova, Abdilda Tazhibaeva kunye Gabit Musrepov.

Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe

Kazakh SSR ebudeni beminyaka yolawulo yiSoviet ifikelele nanto de izikhombisi zoqoqosho kunye inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho. Ngeli xesha ngenkuthalo asakhulayo amashishini, waqhuba ukwakhiwa mveliso, uAbhishagi, sakhiwa Baikonur ukwakha ikomkhulu Kazakh SSR, uAlma-Ata. insimbi, wamalahle ingakumbi ngokunzima kuphuhliswa.

Kodwa musa ukulibala ixesha balambe, collectivization ngenkani, ingcinezelo ubukrelekrele eentlanga, basinda abantu Kazakhstan kwi 20 - 30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ukungabikho Kazakh SSR

Inkqubo yedemokhrasi olwaqala eSoviet Union kwisiqingatha sesibini 80s, ababa nakuchukumisa kunye Kazakh SSR, apho utyekelo centrifugal nangakumbi. Ngowe-1986, i- ikomkhulu Kazakhstan yaba yeyokuqala USSR irali anti-urhulumente Alma-Ata. Waye bekhalazela ukuqeshwa Moscow, uNobhala lokuqala Communist Party of Kazakhstan womntu, lowo kweli lizwe ayengekho. Movement zicinezelwa kabuhlungu kunye neeyunithi zomkhosi.

Ngowe-1989 waba uNobhala First of the Nursultan Nazarbaev, phambi kokuba owayesakuba nguSihlalo weBhunga yaBaphathiswa. April 24 kunyaka ozayo, iBhunga Ephakamileyo onyulwe umongameli wayo. Ngo-Oktobha 1990, yayamkela le Declaration of State Ulongamo of Kazakhstan. Emva kokuba Agasti lika weza Nazarbayev ivela ezintlwini CPSU. NgoDisemba 1991, oko wayevakalisa ukuzimela epheleleyo weRiphabliki Kazakhstan. Ngoko ke Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic yaphela.