Cross leTeutonic: Ixabiso uphawu

Kwanangaphambi kokuba ukuvela ubuKristu, umnqamlezo, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ukususela eYiputa yamandulo, wabizela ndawonye abaziintloko imiqondiso. Okwangoku, oko wagqiba ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo-4 elinesibini abalinganiswa, amalungiselelo ezahlukeneyo sobabini, imiqadi, isilinganiso zabo, kwaye ubukho izinto zokuhombisa. bawele leTeutonic ngomnye wabo.

A amagama ambalwa malunga Order

cross leTeutonic Yimbonakaliso ephambili kartel Igama lombutho elifanayo zavela 1190 ePalestina ngexesha Okwesithathu Impi. Ekuqaleni, iqela zabanquli baseJamani, ukhokelwe umfundisi kunye engcwele uKonrad Vurhardom, kuzinza ongaphandle inqaba Hospital Acre, apho ancedisa kartel iingxwelerha kwaye uyagula waseJamani. Kungekudala ukusekelwa yokomoya esibhedlele wathabatha phezu kweYerusalem, ibekwe i Church of St. Iyintombi, yaye kamva uPopu Clement wesithathu waseka nobuzalwane St. Mary leTeutonic. Emva bazibonakalise Knights German ngexesha aphume of Acre, Duke Frederick of Swabia wafumana imvume kuzakuguqula yona kwi umyalelo eponymous emkhosini, wawubeka lo mfundisi intloko Conrad. Teutons baba ilawulwe kuphela umlawuli we oyiNgcwele baseRoma uBukhosi kunye Pope. Ukubuyela eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, bahlala kwidolophu Eschenbach.

Ixabiso nemifuziselo ebomini ukuze zomkhosi

I Ages nophakathi sexesha apho ugxininiso olukhethekileyo kubekwa imiqondiso. Bathwala iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi, ukusuka eyimfihlakalo ukuya ezifundisayo. A indima ebalulekileyo kubomi abalinganiswa wayedlala zolwakhiwo zomkhosi, kuquka imiyalelo zokomoya knightly. ingubo yakhe iingalo iflegi abazange kuphela mibutho ngokwabo. Kwabakho inkqubo entsonkothileyo neempawu ezisetyenziswayo ukubonisa ezikuyo kunye noxanduva ngaphakathi uMyalelo.

cross leTeutonic: Inkcazelo

Olu phawu, owayebonakele kuqala impahla, iiflegi kunye iintonga le Knights ePalestina, unenzondelelo ezinye iinguqu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba umnqamlezo elula emnyama phezu entsimini emhlophe. Kamva, laqala uphuculo. Namhlanje, uphawu yombutho, leyo kuzibiza uMyalelo leTeutonic, nguye Latin (Catholic) umnqamlezo esenziwe wayesebenzisa ezimnyama umda emhlophe ayangenana isigcina kunye nento ephakathi abamnyama nabamhlophe.

Krosslet

Kukho omnye umlinganiswa ukuba unxulunyaniswa kartel waseJamani. Oku kumalunga krosslete. Abanye bathi oku emnqamlezweni leTeutonic. Lo mlinganiswa elungeleleneyo ngokupheleleyo. Xa krossleta intliziyo ngal yi umnqamlezo yamaGrike, ezaba neendlu emasebeni awo kuba bar encinane. Kukholelwa ukuba sinikezwe nentsingiselo enzulu yokomfuziselo. Ngokukodwa, kwi iincwadi zonqulo ikhankanya ukuba iminqamlezo encinane iziphelo imivalo lubonisa zeVangeli ezine kaKristu. Ngelo xesha yobuhedeni plain emnqamlezweni leTeutonic libonisa umanyano izakhi-4.

iimpawu oluneqela elinegunya

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umnqamlezo engundoqo leTeutonic Knights akazange omnye kuphela isimboli yayo. amanqaku abo kwaye iindidi ezahlukeneyo lamalungu mbutho. Bakudinisa phezu iingubo zabo nezikrweqe, kanye njengoko emkhosini mihla Mababonise kuloo fom nezikhundla zabo, esebenzisa iinkwenkwezi okanye ezinye iimilo ezizibeni zamagxa.

Grand Master

Intloko esinguMyalelo ngumnini ingubo yakhe ingalo. Oku kusekelwe umnqamlezo leTeutonic (ixabiso isimboli sele ukwazi) kunye nomda ebengezelayo. Phezu kwaba "ebekwe 'enye efanayo. Engafani ngobukhulu kunye ngaphantsi ebengezelayo. Ukongeza, kumbindi womnqamlezo yesibini ikhaka encinci ukhozi emnyama. Last lwalubonisa indlu German zabalawuli. Ngenxa yoko, umnqamlezo leTeutonic Grand ukuqondwa Master kwakuthetha esimele Order iNgangalala.

order Landmeyster

Le posi indawo ayikokubambana ngendlela. Umzekelo, landmeyster Prussia owayegunyaziswe uSekela Grand Master emazweni kule ndawo yimbali. Aye kowabo kunye nabanye kartel zabo, ngokunjalo abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba ngubani ke sisebenzisana, abathwali esi sihloko athungwe iingubo zabo emnqamlezweni black leTeutonic (ifoto bona. Ngaphezu), ngaphezulu esisetyenziswe owesibini efanayo kodwa ezincinane kwaye imhlophe.

Le nakumfuzelo Grand Marshal Order

Kuxhomekeka kwixesha ngembali Knights, amadoda enxibe isihloko, sebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yomfuziselo oluneqela elinegunya. Ekuqaleni, yena wayengekho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kulowo enxibe Master Grand, kodwa kwakungekho umnqamlezo lulubhelu kuso. Kamva wabonakalaliswa, kodwa umda umbala beluphelela nje phakathi nganye imiqadi.

amagama amakhulu komtur

Ngengqiqo mihla, esi sikhundla kuthetha uSekela Grand Master of izinto ezithile. Ukongeza, i-ngqwayi bakhokela iiyunithi yolawulo karhulumente leTeutonic Knights abakuluhlu liphantsi. Abazange nangubo zangaphantsi ngamnye iingalo, kodwa kunye wand ezizodwa umnqamlezo, bebonakalisa amagunya wawo ukugweba.

Ukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo kartel

Eli qela ke backbone order leTeutonic. Wayefanele ukuze azambatha zonke iingubo ezimhlophe. Ngentla lifake sisigqubuthelo laphu enye, leyo - njengokuba ngasemva yaye phezu kwesifuba - iminqamlezo leTeutonic bachazwa.

umnakwabo

Ekubeni ke ayejongwa kartel yinxalenye, ayengavunyelwa ukuba ukunxiba iyunifomu ekhethekileyo. Noko ke, phakathi kolu didi kwamalungu Order leTeutonic kwabakho ukwehla ethile. senior Umntakwabo lavunyelwa ukuba ukunxiba ingubo ya hina. Bona athungwe kummandla egxalabeni zomnqamlezo abamnyama T-ezimile.

Awaxela

Loo NCOs kwanikwa iiyunithi nanceba kuphela. Ke bayalelwa ukuba banxibe iingubo ezimhlophe enemikhono emxinwa, egibisela ngokwabo apho izambatho ezingwevu athungwe umnqamlezo ezimile-T.

Mercenaries okanye bollards

Ukwahlula kweli dabi yamagorha amajoni lutshaba, iimpahla zazo obungabangeli mdla emnyama athungwe "namakhaka" amancinci ezimhlophe ukuba ndibeke kuwo emnqamlezweni ezimile T-. indawo zazo zonyaka ezahlukeneyo eyahlukileyo (esifubeni, emva, amagxa, njalo njalo).

"Iron Cross"

Ukuze lo gama yasekwa ngoMatshi 1813. Umzobo kwakhe wadala yena ukumkani Fridrih Vilgelm Wesithathu. Njengesiseko indalo yakhe, wathabatha umnqamlezo leTeutonic. Lo umqondiso yayilula kunene: imbasa wawenzelwe ukukhuthaza amaJamani, owayengafuni balwela inkululeko yelizwe labo ukusuka Umsebenzi uNapoleon kaThixo, ngoko, Frederick wafuna ukukhumbuza abemi nabo malunga neminyaka zegolide Knights German.

Kamva, i "Iron Cross" yaye waphila Adolf Hitler. Wayalela ukuba abeke swastika entliziyweni yakhe, nangaphantsi ukrole inani "1939".

Ngowe-1940 naye kusekwa jousting neentlobo le mbasa, ngaloo Fuehrer yamqinisekisa ukuqhubeka izithethe kunye indlela yazo ngokunxulumene ne-Order leTeutonic. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, Osenyangweni le miyalelo, ezibe ihonjiswe ngegolide amagqabi oki, iidayimani kunye ngamakrele, yanikezelwa indoda enye kuphela - Hans Ulrich Rudel - pilot edume le Luftwaffe German. Wayesele ixesha elide owabanyusayo phantsi eSoviet wempi "uMarat" inkqonkqoze ngaphandle ezimbalwa neetanki likhulu Red Army.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba kukhangeleka ngathi umnqamlezo leTeutonic, kwaye bayazazi imihlobo yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kuqwalaselwa nemikrolo zembali miniatures, uya kukwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani na umfanekiso knight: bollard, umphathi wephondo, phoyisa, yalelani okanye Grand Master.