Stanyukovich uKonstantin Mihaylovich: biography, ubuchule

Xa iincwadi Russian, igama kuhlangene kunye marinistiki uhlobo. Lube ngoluvo yinto yamihla ukuba ubuciko IsiRashiya imvumi ezimbini nanto lweziqalelo yolwandle, elilinganayo kwetalente: ukupeyinta - Ivan Aivazovsky, kwiincwadi - Stanyukovich. kwafika uKonstantin evela uhlobo oomatiloshe zamafa. Kubonakala, yintoni enye yena ukubhala, waqalisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe njengegosa yomkhosi wamanzi, xa athe waziva ecinga umsebenzi wokubhala? Ngelo xesha, isihloko sakhe, akafumananga kwaoko.

unyana Admiral

Wazalwa ngo-1843 kweso sixeko, ebonisa uzuko yomkhosi ka-Russia - ku Sevastopol. UYise - Admiral Mihail Nikolaevich Stanyukovich - wakhonza irhuluneli yamajoni kunye kwingqwayi uyezibuko yomkhosi Sevastopol. "Esibi, Admiral," njengoko ababizele kuye kamva, unyana-umbhali, ingqalelo ishishini best inkonzo eselwandle umntu, umyalelo olungqongqo wamajoni - eyona ndlela eyiyo ekuhleleni ubomi, ifanele iintsapho. yena kumnombo i amanene usapho yamandulo Polish-Lithuanian Stankovichey, nabaphethwe i ukuthanda yentsimbi nesimilo olomeleleyo. ityala Marine yaba yasekhaya bamandulo: nditsho umfazi wakhe Lubov intombi kwegosa yomkhosi.

Kwakuphela kufuneka kuqhube - oku Wayeqinisekile Admiral Stanyukovich. UKonstantin, owayesakuba yabantwana umntwana edlamkileyo nekhawulezayo-uyiZisa, waba kule nkalo ngethemba engundoqo kayise. Wenza amalungiselelo okuba kwakhiwe lokuqala unyana, amtyhalela ibe ngumcebisi kunye kwamkhapheli imfundo, weza evela Petersburg nezazi Ippolit Matveyevich debu. Lowo wathunyelwa inkonzo njengento joni esiqhelekileyo, emva kokuthothoza amakhonkco. Ikhonkco yaba okunye ukufa isohlwayo kwimeko Petrashevists (1949) - kwisangqa ngokukhululekileyo wobusoshiyali abatsha eyayikhokelwa Michael Butashevich-Petrashevsky apho nabo debu kwi imagi yaba F. M. Dostoevsky. Debu ayikhuthazi umfundi wakhe oneminyaka eli-ezilishumi imibono yakhe, kodwa wafaka kuye uthando uncwadi elungileyo.

Imbasa ukuziphendulela Sevastopol

Ngowe-1853 uqale i iCrimea War, nto leyo eye yaba uphawu iingxaki Russia accumulated zentlalo ezininzi ezinxulumene kwezopolitiko engathethekiyo of lobuzwilakhe, ithintelwe amathemba lamanqanaba elichubekileyo abantu iinguqu, kulindeleke nasemva kokuba uloyiso kwiMfazwe ka 1812. Ke oku kuya kubangela mbuso ka 1860, nto leyo ayiyi kusinda impembelelo kunye Stanyukovich. UKonstantin uya uyavelana izimvo loHlaziyo, kodwa ngelo xesha eli-11, yaye ejongana esondela Sevastopol Anglo-French amajoni.

Ngexesha ukuziphendulela mzi uConstantine noyise likholisa njengoko yekhuriya wanikela izinto zonyango kwisikhululo yokuxhela, njalo njalo kuba amehlo abo ubukele ubuqhawe kunye nentlekele oomatiloshe Russian unikezelo umzi, ubona iinkokeli edume yokuzikhusela - .. abaphathi Kornilov kunye Istomin. Xa, emva ngobungxamo ukusuka kwisiseko ungqingwe i-Black Sea Fleet ngo ngo1856, Wacela kwi-St Petersburg Corps of Pages, afika lapho imbasa "Xa kukhunjulwa kweMfazwe Mpuma" yaye "Kuba ukuziphendulela Sevastopol." Ngokutsho isicelo kayise, ngubani amaphupho umsebenzi yomkhosi wamanzi, unyana wakhe, ngo-1857 waba ngodaba Stanyukovich Marine lweSizwe.

Isiphelo umsebenzi wegosa xa

By the 1860s okuqala ukuba sele bosulelwe obathandayo indalo lizwi. Ngowe-1859 wapapasha "North Flower" lowu incwadi yakhe yokuqala - ". Ijoni umhlala" umbongo Emva konyaka, phakathi uKonstantin noyise waphula impixano, leyo elaqalisa ukubanda kusetyenziswa ulwalamano lwabo, neliya kuphela emva kwexesha elithile ikhefu ngokupheleleyo. UNyana yazisa isigqibo sakhe ukuba atshintshele iziko esweni - University of St. Petersburg, apho kakhulu eyayibuchasile Admiral Stanyukovich. UKonstantin uya kunyanzeleka ukuba aye uhambo ehlabathini jikelele kwi corvette "Kalevala", apho crew uya kufakwa kwi ukunyanzelisa kayise ekwindla ka-1860.

matiloshe Old uthemba phezu koliqele imimoya olwandle intloko unyana wakhe kususwa izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye aselwandle Stanyukovich Minor iza kuqhubeka. Kodwa inxaxheba uConstantine kunyaka emithathu-umjikelo - nje indlela yokufumana ulwazi olutsha kwakunye namava ngomsebenzi wakhe yokubhala. Yaye sele kuqalile: kuhlelo ezithandwayo of "Maritime Collection" ipapashe amanqaku kunye nezincoko Stanyukovicha midshipman, kwaye ngexesha abangenzi nto ke ngokungakhathali abhale okuvelayo yakhe oko akubonileyo nakuvileyo.

umhlala-phantsi

Ngowe-1864, i-midshipman Stanyukovich, beqhekeza inkcaso esebenzayo kayise, agxothwa Navy. Ukuqalisa ubomi olutsha akuyondlwan 'iyanetha. Yena uqala intsebenziswano esebenzayo iimpapasho ezahlukeneyo - "Voice", "Petersburg igqabi", "Alarm", njalo-njalo "collection Sea" yapapasha ibali Constantine Stanyukovicha "Storm" .. Kodwa kungekudala abe ngokutshata Lyubovi Nikolaevne Artseulovoy, ngoko ukuzalwa intombi yakhe yokuqala, naphambi umbhali oselula kukho ingxaki elingene inkxaso eziphathekayo yosapho. Ukuze wenze oku izihlandlo eziliqela wangena inkonzo kumasebe ngamasebe.

Kwisicwangciso yokudala Stanyukovicha uphendlo iqhubeka isimbo kunye mxholo. Nangona emibonweni yakhe inkonzo yomkhosi wamanzi, epapashwe incwadi 1867 ebizwa ngokuba "Ukususela umjikelo", kwafikelelwa ngomdla, kuya kuba ngakumbi yaye yanikelwa ngakumbi umnqweno ukubhala kwimixholo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Uyaziva inyaniso ngezimvo ebonisa masterminds ukufumana amandla ngakumbi nangakumbi kulo mbuso, ingakumbi iphiko layo olukhulu - ukulwelwa. Ngenye imini wasebenza njengomfundisi kwisikolo eziziziqalelo kwilali okwilizwe Murom.

Umhleli we magazini "Delo"

Ngokuthe ngcembe lo mxholo ulwandle zize kwisiqalo. Ukususela 1872 Stanyukovich uqalisa ukusebenza inxaxheba kule magazini "Business", yaye ukususela 1877 kwimizi guestroom lapapasha amanqaku zakhe satires. Phakathi kwabo, "Iincwadi wolunye uhlanga amanene" yaye "Imifanekiso kubomi" ezibangela udumo Stanyukovich ekugxekeni nzima ubomi Russian emva kokuba utshintsho ka-1861. Ngokufanayo, izihloko abazinikele iinoveli 'akho, "yaye" Bazalwana Ababini ", epapashwe kwi-80 ekuqaleni.

Ngowe-1880 Stanyukovich waba intsebenziswano umhleli we "Amatyala", neminyaka emithathu kamva - umhleli wayo oyintloko. Uneemina ubunzima ethile kunye negunya phakathi abaxhasi iinguqu inguqu, kwaye ke amagunya ezisemthethweni kunye namagunya amapolisa echazwa "anti-urhulumente ubuntu engqondweni".

Le yokubulawa ekuthinjweni

Kule 80 yokuqala umbhali uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuba intombi endala ukugula. Apho udibana neqela aseBrithani lezopolitiko Russia, kuquka iphiko kakhulu ezinkulu, kuquka Abantu - abathathi-nxaxheba ngqo kunye nabaququzeleli zawahlasela abanqolobi ngokuchasene namagosa abadumileyo tsarist - S. Kravchinskii, V. Zasulich.

Kumele ukuba wenzeka ngamapolisa, ingakumbi emva kokuba ukuzama kokubulawa Matshi 1, 1881 Alexander II, yaye ngoAprili 1884 Stanyukovich wabanjwa wazibeka casemates yaseYiputa. Kwathi ukuvela umbhali evela phesheya, kakhulu kungalindelekanga, yaye intsapho ixesha elithile owayengazi uphi zakhe. Iqala uphenyo elide, nto leyo eyaphela kamva kuphela konyaka.

nizalwe ngokutsha

Ngowe-1885, umbhali wathumela eSiberia iminyaka emithathu phantsi esweni yamapolisa kunye kuhlala Tomsk. Apha yaye kwakukho ukuzalwa yokwenene enkulu umbhali-seascape. Usebenza nzima, idala kwaye isebenza kunye neenkcazelo ubomi eSiberia, kodwa owona mxholo uphambili Iinoveli namabali amafutshane iba ubomi oomatiloshe.

Kukho yobuciko yakhe edumileyo ukusuka kuqokelelwe "Amabali Sea" :. "! Man elwandle," "ilitye", "Balekela", njl Kubafundi nabagxeki okuqhubekayo qaphela ukuba iprozi Stanyukovicha umdla kuphela zaselwandle moya romance, ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kwi ezininzi namalungu amancinane, kodwa humanistic, umnqweno ubulungisa, ingqalelo kumntu oqhelekileyo.

"Zange wayevakalelwa ukuba siphila ubomi elwandle"

Emva ababuyileyo ekuthinjweni 1888 Stanyukovicha ulindele capital lolwamkelo ngolangazelelo ezibangelwa kwimpumelelo oqaqambileyo "amabali yolwandle" yayo. ingqokelela kwakhe bathetha kakuhle kwaye yobungcali Noomateloshe, nababhali. Okokuqala ngathi umboniso ngobuchule ubomi ulwandle nzima, owesibini - ulwimi ecacileyo stroke, ezintsha akumangalisi lusishukumisela sebali. ezifana neka "Mntundini elwandle!" "Phakathi abahlobo", "Ukufa Hawk" et al., kwaqwalaselwa lokuchaneka umlinganiswa babantu, ukuba siyinyaniso iintshukumo ezichazwe yi ukuntsonkotha iimeko zobomi. Bangabantu bokwenene abangekho ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi imvelaphi okanye imfundo.

ingxelo entle ngayo amabali Stanyukovicha babekwa kwiimpapasho iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwezopolitiko. "Mxim", "ezimbini zokucwangcisa, American," "Abantu True Russian" kunye neminye imisebenzi eziqondwa i Slavophiles, bayinqule kubonakele ukuzingca kubo umgangatho ophezulu yokuziphatha oomatiloshe Russian. Ububele, isibindi kunye ungalawulekiyo somphefumlo wabo wonke waba imithombo yesizwe ngokucacileyo kubo. "Jack of Iintliziyo", "Xa kumazwe akude", ngokutsho kwabanye, ziqulethwe ukuphakama umoya ezinexabiso jikelele. Common yaba umbono zemfundo kunye nexabiso emfundo Stanyukovicha iprozi.

Lona kanye memory

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi zombhali bazala ukusebenza nzima, ukuhlonipha nabo, abafundi uthando, ukugula kunye nokulahlekelwa ngabo babathandayo. UKonstantin Mihaylovich Stanyukovich, ogama engobomi iye yaqhubeka inxulumene eRashiya ukusuka kweyokuqala ukuya umoya, wafa e Naples ngo-1903.

Yena akuthathwa yingqondi zenqanaba iincwadi Russian ka Tolstoy, Dostoevsky kunye yaseChekhov, kodwa yayize elwandle imimoya Stanyukovicha iprozi, iincwadi Russian yenkulungwane XIX ukuba ulahlekelwe ububanzi neyantlukwano yayo. Kwaye ngexesha lethu ukuba ngamakhoboka abantu abadala kunye nabantwana, amabali kunye namabali ngomzobi enkulu yaselwandle ukwenza iifilimu, yaye namhlanje Bayibiza ulwandle abalobi elizayo.