Septimius Bassianus Caracalla. Neebhate Caracalla loMlawuli: ifoto, imbali, ukwakha, indlela apho?

Isakhiwo esihle ubudala, ibekwe ikomkhulu eItali, xa eyaziwa ngokuba le nto wesibhozo zehlabathi. Man-ezenziwe lesikhumbuzo imbali kwaye ngoku ibonisa ubukhulu ubukhosi yamandulo, waba iqonga yehlabathi edumileyo opera laseRoma.

Neebhate Caracalla: Imbali

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthetha malunga enye ezinika eziphambili weSixeko unguNaphakade, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba amagama ezinjalo. Baphila abemi BC baseRoma wamandulo iingxaki kakhulu ngamanzi. Kaninzi umbuzo eyabakho ukwakhiwa imisele yamanzi, baye ebibekwe amanzi anika ubomi kwisixeko phambi amagosa. umthombo entsha okanye amanzi nganye waba isiganeko ngokwenene ngelo xesha.

Ngokuthe ngcembe yaqala ukubonakala sokuhlambela yokuqala, ufikelelo kuyo kuphela yaba abazizityebi amanene amaRoma. Sinokuthi kuqubha kwi maqula adlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini yoluntu, umcimbi uba uhlobo lonxibelelwano sesikweni abo ngamandla. abantu abaziwayo nje ahlambe, kuze kuxoxwe imiba exhalabisayo eqhelekileyo. Saunas anika nje kuphela iinkonzo ukuhlamba umzimba, baze waquka ebanzi yenkcubeko, kuquka amaziko ezemidlalo, amathala eencwadi, amaziko ngemise- yeqonga. Ngoko ke inkqubo eseluphahleni yaba mnandi eyodwa yobuhle.

Complex wokuhlamba nokuzonwabisa

Ngokwendalo, ezibhateni akuzange ngokwaneleyo, yaye AD yesi-3, lo mbuzo emangalisiwe umlawuli Caracalla. Mnths, wakha kummandla eRoma ngokomyalelo wakhe, kukho nexesha lokuphola entsonkothileyo kakhulu, nto leyo ayilungelelene. Ukwakhiwa siswele omkhulu inokuthatha abantu 1,500, sakhiwa kweminyaka eli-11. Eyakhiwe kwindawo odume izinto omkhulukazi kweRoma ziquka amagumbi eziliqela ukuze lokuqubha kunye nolonwabo.

Eyaziwa umkhumbuzi irekhodi Spartian oshiye ngasemva ndingento engaqhelekanga ubungakanani sisixeko uKhesare Caracalla. ngokwenene Terme bamangaliswa ubungakanani bayo nokuphangalala yomhombiso ehlabathini lonke. iindonga High zazakhiwe iingqalutye nesanti, amatye wawagalela yesamente, kunye olungaphambili ihonjiswe nemàbhula - ukususela isiphumo olubonakalayo wadala brittleness isakhiwo sihle kwangaphakathi Akumangalisi inqaba ezintsonkothileyo xa iyonke.

izakhiwo Architecture

Ahlanganise indawo weehektare 11 umlawuli Caracalla mnths na isakhiwo giant isakhelo ubuhle obumangalisayo. Macala onke oko Wayengqongwe epakini entle kunye neentsika enkulu. Inani elikhulu kwezakhiwo ngaphakathi yokwakha entsonkothileyo symmetrically, njengoko zonke iipaseji babedalelwe ekhethekileyo indlela, egosogoso ukuthintela ukukhululwa ubushushu.

Kwelinye icala kwakukho amphitheatre, ezibe ukhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo, enye ilayibrari, eyakhelwe ngqo amaRoma benesithukuthezi. Mna ke wayalela umlawuli Caracalla. Mnths yaye iquka amagumbi 64 kunye kwamatanki enkulu zaye anikwa ngamanzi acocekileyo kwimithombo entabeni emjelweni. Emva kokuhlamba amaRoma ngaphandle ummandla kunye neebhate kwi yokuphumla epakini kwi gazebo cool phandle.

Ubume yekota ezimbaxa

Wonderful nemisipres alley kwakhokelela emnyango zakhiwo ukuhlamba. Isakhiwo esingundoqo, apho wakhonza kwindawo yokudada, yahlulelwe kwii amagumbi eziliqela.

Iholo enkulu, ekwezi ukukhanya segolide ethambileyo ngenxa kufakwa kwiifestile ngaphaya iipleyiti beige umnqa ukuphakama elingu-Arch, okwakubonakala ukunyibilikisa ukuntinga iindonga ibhastile. Esebenzisa umngxuma isakhiwo kwawo ngaphakathi got semini. umhombiso Luks kuyamangalisa: igumbi ezihonjiswe imifanekiso eziliqela, kwaye umgangatho ke ezenziwe ngezitena kunye ngemibala ebhanyabhanya ebonisa imiboniso imixholo nangqondo.

emanzini ashushu (caldarium) yaba rotunda kunye neeholo lokuphumla emva zokucoca amanzi. Lonke lokubiyela ayengenazixhobo yayigcinwa ezincinane apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ahlambe yedwa - ngere- ze zangasese.

A ibhafu yamanzi ashushu (tepidarium) umnqa Umgangatho kaMoses, apho amanani iimbaleki baseRoma zazizaliswe. Ngasekunene nangasekhohlo kwesakhiwo amagumbi for imithambo.

Ngokuhlamba ebandayo (frigidarium) ukuba siphole Roma ezitum kwisitya enkulu.

Le ban ngolwazi lwezempilo

Eyakhiwe ngokuqinileyo uyabulawa gama kuthathwa sisakhiwo ekhethekileyo, kodwa emva kokuwa omkhulu uBukhosi baseRoma, zakhiwe ebudeni bolawulo umlawuli ogama Caracalla maqula zawa azisalungiseki. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba indima ephambili zisabonakala nococeko wadlala ubuKristu washumayela akalutho umzimba kunye nobukhulu komphefumlo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba uhlamba ukufuma kude amanzi angcwele, apho nkxu umntu ekubhaptizweni, kunye nabaphathiswa ibandla eyaziwayo abamba esonweni, ukuvimbela uphuhliso webhate ngokomoya, yaye zonke izakhiwo ziye kuthathwa kwikota yobuhedeni.

Tames abashumayeli inyama akazange ahlambe, kuzo zonke yoonongendi izindlu zangasese waba ngumqondiso uju kakhulu, nto leyo eye akukho ndawo kwiziko ngokomoya. Ukungcola wayesoyikwa njengomnye ezintle zamaKristu, yaye ngoku ndiyazi ngamabali esothusayo umntu akubufumana iintwala namhlanje, wabona ngokucacileyo njengophawu ngcwele. Umphumo waba izifo ezahlukeneyo eyathi yabhuqa ngamaXesha Aphakathi eYurophu kwabulawa izigidi zabantu.

Ihlabathi izivakashi edumileyo

Kwinkulungwane XVI kwi emanxuweni izakhiwo bath kanye velichiestvennyh ziye zaqhutywa ngabembi bezinto kunye nenjongo ukuhombisa komkhulu kwemathiriyeli yokwakha Pope aseleyo kule kota. Ke kaloku, bakubon 'ukuba bafumana imisebenzi emangalisayo yobugcisa, le ndawo wanikwa iwonga ilitye lesikhumbuzo namasiko.

Kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX kwakuhlwa, neebhate Caracalla, emanxuweni photo eyenza memory iyayithanda ubukhulu eladlulayo baseRoma, abakhenkethi baqala zinakanwa iimvakatjhi Italian. amanxuwa enkulu zivulelekile kwiindwendwe yonke imihla, yaye ngexesha lethu, bonke baba imeko lendlu opera. bath Ababesakuba ashushu iguqulelwa iholo enkulu ukuba ababukeli phantse amawaka 20. Eyasekwa ngo-1937, ngexesha opera kuyaqhubeka namhlanje, kwaye siganeko yodumo ukuba okwenziwayo kwi-leebhate waseRoma ab three eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi - Domingo, Carreras kunye eyindumasi iPavarotti.

Reconstruction igcisa Russian

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX eRoma wathunyelwa evela Russia Sergey ivanov ukubuyisela imbonakalo yokwakha izakhiwo hlobo. Nzima ukusebenza umfana zokoyikisa revolution nokuba imfazwe, waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko. Kungekudala isincoko epapashwe Italian ivanov, ukuze bafunde ngokweenkcukacha mnths of Caracalla. Uhlenga, leyo thaca yi umzobi Russian, wayebunjwa 43 imizobo, ebonisa umbindi kwisakhiwo, kwakunye namagumbi kweli candelo.

Akazange nje ngocoselelo luse zonke imihombiso ezintsonkothileyo grand, kodwa kufuneka amagumbi ngamanzi ashushu nabandayo, amagumbi, ndawo zokwenza umthambo kunye nezinye iinxalenye sakhiwo engundoqo yokutshintsha. umsebenzi sesayensi Russian kukuba ibalulekile kubo bonke abaphandi zamanxuwa zamandulo, ucebisa zodidi izakhiwo ezinkulu lombuso.

Neebhate Caracalla: ukuba indlela apho?

Ukuya kwindlu opera, ngubani na ngoku ndawo bath entsonkothileyo, singaba sikaloliwe okanye ibhasi yeshatile. idilesi Term, ibekwe embindini kwikomkhulu Italian, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 52. Umnyango amabhodlo euro ambalwa, kodwa bekutyelelo opera kuya kufuneka ifolokhwe, kuba iindleko iza kuxhomekeka kubume wegcisa. Kodwa ke isikali ubuhle ngayo lo mbono, ukuthatha indawo emoyeni evulekileyo ebusuku, kubalulekile ngokwenene.

Isakhiwo yamandulo, nangona urhulumente zonakale, kuba unomdla onyanisekileyo abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe ancome ilifa waseRoma Ancient. Umlawuli sakhiwe ngemihla kunye negama sonorous ka Caracalla mnths yile yokuba ezimangalisayo kunye isikali bonke abachukumisa isibi simangaliswe bokwakha.