Securities neziqu - it ... Ingcaciso, Inkcazelo, ubungozi kunye neziphakamiso

inkampani nganye ikhupha izibambiso, kodwa kukho inani kujonge izinto kulo msebenzi. Kwiimeko ezithile, umba lokuqala olongezelelweyo kufuna ukuzoba up isixhobo esibophelelayo - izabelo ebhalisiweyo. Ukuzulazula izizathu ekwenzeni olu xwebhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba izibambiso emibuzo neememo - indima mandatory wokukhutshwa isabelo na, okanye nokuba ephuhliswa kuphela kwiimeko ezithile.

Imfuneko ekwenzeni emibuzo neememo

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda ukuqeshwa phantsi ingqalelo emibuzo neememo kufuneka ichaze ingcamango yayo. Ezicetywayo izibambiso - uxwebhu ebalulekileyo ihamba umba Izabelo iqumrhu kwaye inika inkcazelo malunga sobunyani, kunye nolwazi malunga nemiba ebalulekileyo nokusebenza kwayo: zezimali, ingxelo data, abanini zabelo, etc ...

Olu xwebhu kufuneka ukuba ivunywe yi ukwakhiwa abantu zokuqala zenkampani okanye esilawulayo yombutho, eyaziyo, eli lungelo. . Ukongezelela, oko kuphicothwa, Umvandlakanyi zemali esingqinisisiweyo okanye umcebisi okhethekileyo izibambiso.

Njengoko emibuzo neememo ibandakanya iibhloko ngokufanelekileyo ngokubanzi amacandelo ngamacandelo inkampani, oko umdla lonke uluhlu lwezifundo kwezoqoqosho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkampani ngokwayo iphuhlisa emibuzo neememo izibambiso, isampula apho uhlobo nzima-esiconywayo ongekhoyo.

Imfuneko engundoqo - yeyona lokuquka bonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko, nto leyo lisetwe ngendlela ebonisa imithetho disclosure ngenxa benkampani yawo beenkampani izibambiso.

Ngubani na Avenue

Njengokuba kuphawuliwe, inkcazelo enikwe kwi emibuzo neememo, kwaye ibonisa imisebenzi zemali kunye noqoqosho umbutho, kuya kuba inani ebalulekileyo abadlali ezivenkileni.

Ekubeni neziqu iqulethe iinkcukacha kwintsebenzo nkampani kunye nezizathu zokuba kungani na umba lezabelo, ukuba ngokuyintloko abanomdla yi-zabelo. Nabanye abathathi - abatyali, leyo, ngokususela kwidatha enikiweyo, uya ukubumba isigqibo sokuthenga izabelo.

. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke iinkcukacha-nxaxheba kwimarike, ziyachazwa emibuzo neememo kufuneka zenziwe zifumaneke phambi kokukhutshwa luya kuqhubeka.

Securities and mhlobo

Ukupapashwa tyalo yokukhupha inkampani kufuneka nakanjani kunxibelelana kwindlela ethile amanyathelo kumiselwe umthetho olawula iintshukumo lemarike izibambiso. Uthe inkqubo kubandakanya amanyathelo of:

• Ukwaziswa injongo isigqibo sokuba akhuphe izabelo;
• ukuvunyelwa isigqibo;
• ubhaliso State of the nkqubo;
• imveliso iziqinisekiso izibambiso ezikhutshwe;
• yokuhlala;
• ubhaliso iqumrhu loluntu ngenxa kukhululwe ingxelo.

. Accounting umba kwemfuyo iqumrhu loluntu angenela avumele ukuba inani ahambelanayo leyo kufuneka ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi ezilandelayo esikhutshwe izibambiso.

Iinketho kukubekwa izibambiso

Iinjongo umba share ezi zezi: indalo lwenkunzi yenkampani, ulawulo lwemali, ukufumana izibonelelo zemali kunye njalo njalo.

Ukuba umba kwizabelo ngohlobo ukubekwa yabucala, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba yabucala, ngoko kwityala akwenziwanga wenza isaziso yoluntu le nkqubo. . Izabelo Ikhutshwe ziya kwabelwa kwisangqa closed abantu.

Olunye uhlobo kokusasazeka tyalo - umnikelo yaleswa isangqa mda abantu. Kwimeko enjalo kufuneka disclosure eliphezulu, ethe yabonakalisa emibuzo neememo. Oku kule uhlobo kwasasazeka kufuna ubhaliso karhulumente lwamaphepha emibuzo neememo. Kule kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo ngakumbi.

Bhalisa yokwabelana ababhalisiweyo

Ukubhaliswa securities (emibuzo neememo) iyafuneka ukuze uluntu ukubekwa. Iindlela kulo mzekelo baninzi, kuquka nge Stock Exchange.

Umwana emibuzo neememo umzimba ezahlukeneyo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Xa inani zabelo ngaphezu kwabantu 500.
2. Sezabelo Iindleko phakathi zabelo kuya ngaphezulu amawaka-50. SMIC.
3. Sezabelo ziya kusiwa phakathi zabelo.
4. Kucingelwa ukuguquka yezabelo kunye nomnikelo yoluntu.
5. Phambi wokubhaliswa evaliweyo, kodwa ukuba inani labantu phakathi zabelo lingaphezulu kwabantu ezingamakhulu amahlanu.

I-arhente yoluntu akazamkeli kokugqitywa wokukhulula, kwaye ke ukubhaliswa emibuzo neememo wokukhutshwa izibambiso nazo ziya kwamkelwa. . Izizathu zokwala isenokuba ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela iimfuno sobunyani kumba ngokwemigaqo yomthetho nokujikelezisa izibambiso, ukunqongophala ukuhlawula irhafu esebenzayo, ezinxulumene, phakathi kwezinye izinto, le umba, ulwazi bobuxoki okanye ubuqhophololo kusinikwa umnikeli ngokwayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intlangano engabhaliswanga yaye akazange afumane sigqibo kwabasemagunyeni abachaphazelekayo, oko esalelweyo kwanawokuqhuba nayiphi na imisebenzi enxulumene izibambiso.

Umxholo Ulwazi oluvezwe emibuzo neememo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kukho ezicetywayo izibambiso - luxwebhu, nto leyo iyaphuhliswa yi umnikeli kwaye iqulethe iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwi nkampani.

Kwimeko apho isenzo zisasazwa ukuthenga okanye nayiphi na enye elubala indlela kawonke yinto yokuqala efunekayo. . Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nje kuluntu, kodwa indlela subscription yabucala iya kubandakanya ukubhaliswa emibuzo neememo, xa bathe benza kwezi meko zichazwe ngentla apha.

Iindlela yokunxibelela ulwazi zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba le ncwadi kuhlelo loshicilelo i nge ukusasazeka omkhulu elingekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 amawaka iikopi. Oku kuyinyaniso ngomrhumo uluntu. ejikelezayo Ukuze ubhalise hlwele kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe kwewaka iikopi.

Xa lishicilela ulwazi kufuneka iinkcukacha akhoyo benkampani yokukhutshwa, isixa eyinkunzi eligunyazisiweyo, iindleko (nominal) loMthetho ukhuseleko kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene indaba. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukuba inkcazelo imbonakalo ukhuseleko nokhuselo yoxwebhu ixabiso.

umba share Secondary kunye umba kwiprospekthasi

Zombini eziziiprayimari kwakhona kunikezelo kwizabelo kufuneka kugcinwe zonke nemimiselo yenkqubo. Ukuba imbambano kwizabelo kuxhomekeke kwimiqathango phantsi ukuba kufuneka ukuxelwa uluntu yolwazi, ngoko ke izibambiso emibuzo neememo - it kwakhona uxwebhu oko zezifundo ukulungiselela kunye nobhaliso.

Bank njengoko nomnikezi izibambiso

Banking umbutho, njengayo nayiphi na uhlobo amashishini joint-stock, umba izabelo into igqitywa ubunini. imithetho jikelele umba izibambiso zigqitywa mithetho kule ndawo, kodwa kukho ezinye iinkalo.

Okokuqala, inkqubo le umba lezabelo ilawulwa liqela lemithetho ezizodwa kunye nemimiselo esebenza ngayo kwiibhanki zorhwebo. Ngoko ke, lo myalelo we-Central Bank, awathi imithetho kwi izibambiso, benkampani yawo kuzo iibhanki zorhwebo eyikhethayo umba kuphela kwezi meko zilandelayo: xa intlangano ibhanki, ukuba andise capital nesabelo kunye zokutsala izibonelelo zemali omtsha.

Umba ongundoqo kwizabelo kwenzeka kuphela kwisangqa closed. . Naziphi na izibambiso ezimana zikhutshwa yi-Bank baya kubhaliswa kwi-Central Bank.

Njengoko namanye benkampani ze izibambiso, iziko lamatyala iyahambelana amanqanaba umba kwaye liya kulungisa ezicetywayo izibambiso ebhankini. Ukuvezwa - njengento efunekayo esisinyanzelo. Ukongeza, eli xwebhu kufuneka kwakhona yaye zasayinwa ishishini zincwadi ezimeleyo.

ubungozi

Naphezu kwayo yonke inzuzo yalo neProspectus, kukho ezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo, nabanako ukwahlulelana ngokwamaqela eziliqela. zidweliswe apha ngezantsi:

• ubungozi imboni;
• karhulumente kunye regional umngcipheko;
• ubungozi yemali;
• iingozi zomthetho;
• umngcipheko ilahleko yeshishini igama (umngcipheko negama) ;
• strategic risk;
• nemingcipheko enxulumene nemisebenzi umnikeli kaThixo;
• ubungozi zebhanki.

isiphelo

Zonke inkampani uhlobo wabo wemfundo ubandakanya umba lezabelo ziya ukuthobela yonke imithetho yenkqubo kulo mmandla msebenzi.

Securities neziqu - yenye amaxwebhu mandatory ukuba inkampani elikhupha kufuneka ibhaliswe iqumrhu loluntu ukuba umba izabelo ilingane iimfuno kubhengezo uluntu.