Russia - urhulumente osemthethweni: de facto okanye de jure kuphela

State of Law yenye apho kukho ulawulo lomthetho kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu. Ngayo amalungelo oluntu akhuselwe ngumthetho, kwaye isebe sokwahlulela ngokuzimeleyo lomthetho nelesigqeba amasebe karhulumente. Imithetho kweli lizwe zenziwa ukuze kuzuze uluntu xa lulonke kunye ummi ngamnye. Ngokusekelwe la malungiselelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba bathi eRashiya - urhulumente kungavumelekileyo? Okanye imeko enjalo iye kuphela de jure?

Iingxaki ukubunjwa lukarhulumente osemthethweni eRashiya apho sele ngaphezu kwenkulungwane sibanye. De-1861, kwakukho kweli lethu kwilizwe serfdom. Ummiselo ka-Alexander II wokucinywa kwayo. Kodwa ke umbuzo ngulo, ingaba loo nto waphila lemveli okanye kumanyelwe kuthi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umthetho ukukhusela amalungelo ngexesha abantu abaqhelekileyo, ayizange yamkelwe. Ukususela ngoko, ngokubanzi, kancinane iye yatshintsha.

Ukuzama ukuba athi Russia - urhulumente yomthetho, okanye ubuncinane ukuzama ukuba omnye, nto yenziwa ngexesha revolution 1905. Duma State phantsi koxinzelelo yenkitha zibonakala nokuba bavumelane ekwamkelweni koMgaqo-siseko, kodwa kungekudala sentsomi, kunye noshishino eRashiya zenziwe kancinci kakhulu. LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye revolution ezilandelayo aphelise kulo mzamo. Siseko wamkele iiBolsheviks ngo-1918, kodwa ndakutywina ngumthetho ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi, kunye nelungelo ngummi ukuba postulates yayo diverge. Umthetho busaqhubeka declarative mbono. Siseko zatshintsha izihlandlo eziliqela, kodwa imeko Imithetho yamalungelo oluntu kunye nesimo sengqondo ngokubhekisele kwabo zatshintsha.

Ukuthetha ngento yokuba Russia - umthetho, emva kokuwa eSoviet Union kunye mdibi ka-1993. kwakhona amandla wavakalisa umnqweno ukwenza i siseko oluntu olusebenzisekayo, ngokunjalo ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo abemi balo. Ngelo xesha linye satyikitya "Declaration on Human Rights" yaye "Declaration on the waMalungelo oMntwana." Kufuneka ke ukuba urhulumente Russia ka kwisiqingatha sokuqala 90 isampuli ngokukhululekileyo ezisayiniweyo izinto ezahlukeneyo zomthetho leyo ayixhaswa imali, njengoko nemithetho ezininzi kwakungekho kwesu. Kule nkalo, saya kwi isangqa elitsha. I-sikhokelo yowiso-mthetho ayixhaswa yi inkuthazo ezongezelelweyo, ubuchule yokusebenza bebengekho. Yiyo leyo mhlawumbi iingxaki eziphambili lokumisela ulawulo umthetho eRussia.

Okwangoku, abasemagunyeni bazama ukubonisa abemi yelizwe kunye naseluntwini lehlabathi ukuba Russia - urhulumente esemthethweni ayikho nje jure de kodwa de facto. on enkulu, ukuba ucela oko, uze ubonise indlela urhulumente esemthethweni Russia, unako ukufumana phandle empirically. Emva kokuhlalutya imeko okwangoku, singatsho into enye ngokuqinisekileyo. Namhlanje, eli lizwe kwinqanaba lophuhliso apho isikali ndayame kwicala elinye okanye elinye. Yiba amandla (urhulumente ingakumbi wengingqi) uzama ukubonisa bona nabanye ukuba kuyakuba njalo, kwaye kukho mthetho kweli lizwe, akukho nto iye yatshintsha. Kukho abemi abasele bezibonakalise ukuba izakhiwo amandla suschemstvuet mthetho, nto leyo elinye bonke. Kwaye kukho icandelo elikhulu labantu ibambelela cala (isono). Ngoko ke nokuba sidla ubomi ukwimeko zomthetho, kuxhomekeke kwindlela siza bathobele umthetho kufunwe kwi amasebe karhulumente.