Iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo - intloko

Utyando yayo nayiphi na ikhompyutha ibonelelwe isixhobo encinane (chip), nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo. Le zeendawana lesilicon kunye wayibeka phezu kwayo oomaleko equlathe isakhiwo: iyunithi logic yokalo emileyo (processing data), isixhobo yolawulo (ukuba ukumisela umyalelo umyalelo lokubulawa), iirejista (ngokuba data ukugcina), cache imemori yangaphakathi (ngokuba ekukhawuleziseni abelane zokusebenza memory), ibhasi yangaphakathi (ukugqithisa ulwazi phakathi kweeyunithi ye kumqhubekekisi), njl

CPU, okanye mandithi yayo rhoqo clock kugqiba isantya kwinkqubo yonke. Ukubonelela clock frequency ungqamaniso, ngamanye ukungaguquguquki iibhloko ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kumqhubekekisi amanyathelo kunye nangaphaya. iziqhubekisi Modern computer yakho, le phawu nto ezimbalwa gigahertz (GHz), nto leyo ethetha ukuba unako ukwenza imisebenzi eziziziqalelo-multi billion ngomzuzwana. Kwakhona ku iimpawu ezingundoqo kumqhubekekisi ke kancinane, ivolyum yangaphakathi ye-cache, inani kwisokethi nuclei.

Ukubonelela i ezinqwenelekayo ukusebenza ikhompyutha kuyimfuneko kuqala ukukhetha CPU ngokuchanekileyo. Qwalasela le divayisi ngokweenkcukacha. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iziqhubekisi lwezakhiwo lwangaphakathi, umzekelo, kukhutshwe yokuthutha kunye superscalar esixhasiweyo. Imveliso Ukwanda yokuqala ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuzahlula lokwenza imithetho kwi kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, apho kumqhubekekisi ngaxeshanye iinkqubo amaqela ezininzi kwizigaba ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Izigaba Mcetywa ngakumbi kwi ephezulu rate clock yaye, ngokunjalo, nemveliso. Kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi sizathu.

Supreskalyarnye iziqhubekisi usebenzisa umphakathi ezininzi nga parallelize inkqubo ukuphunyezwa lwenkqubo, kodwa ufuna software ukuba ziya kwahluka ikhowudi ibe imilambo ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi kubulawa ngaxeshanye. Ukubakho, umz, umphakathi ezimbini ngaphakathi kumqhubekekisi akuqinisekisi ukwanda yokusebenza kabini njengoko hayi yonke inkqubo uyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemali ezimbini ngokulinganayo, ndingasathethi imisonto ezine okanye ezisibhozo.

I-CPU ke ngoko igama kuba isixhobo ephambili computing kwi khompyutha, kodwa hayi kuphela. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho kwindlela nabaqondisi lezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye ujongano, kunye iziqhubekisi ukuze kungonakali yevidiyo, umsindo, njl

Ekuqaleni le computer wakhawulwa kwaye wadala kuphela nje izixhobo ikhompyutha, ngoko ke CPU "ityala" kuzo zonke iinkqubo kule nkqubo: yongeno processing ulwazi (utshintshwano zemathematika), ulwazi kwimveliso. Ngoku abasebenzisi nivumelane ngakumbi kwezinye iindidi zolwazi, ezifana umbhalo, imifanekiso, ividiyo, isandi. Ngoko ke, i CPU kancane ummandla ebanzi, sigqithisele, yeharim kuphela kuye, kunye noxanduva kunye nezinye izixhobo computing kwabelwane.