Repo-transactions - yintoni na le nto? Repo iintengiselwano: kusebenza njani?

abolekisa ngemali ngqo, kuzo zonke iintlobo zawo, akusoloko kuluncedo. Kwezinye iimeko, yeyokuba isebenza kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ukuphucula imeko yemali, enye yazo na senzala yemali-kwiintengiselwano. Yindlela ukuthenga nokuthengisa onjalo esikhethekileyo kudandalaza apho kuyimfuneko: umthengisi yokuthenga iimpahla umva wathengisa ngaphambili, nokuba ngoobani na. Ngokungafaniyo izibambiso, ndlela ixesha elifutshane, onke amalungelo okusebenzisa ukuya ngqo kumthengi (ngaphandle ezinqabileyo). Kuphela xa ikhutshwa phandle utyando umva, ithuba ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweziko repo iya kubuyela umnini yokuqala. Kweentengiselwano enjalo ngokwaneleyo imbali elide, kwaye, banikwe iimpawu kwale ndlela, umthetho kutshanje kuphela basebenza esingaphezulu okanye ecacileyo nezaneleyo ngaphantsi mbandela.

indaba

Kuba okokuqala into efana iintengiselwano repo lwenzeke kwasekuqaleni 1917 eUnited States. Le isizathu iirhafu eziphezulu kakhulu navuswa ngokunxulumene nezenzo zomkhosi. Kuye kube nzima kakhulu kwaye engeluncedo lwanto kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa iinkqubo abolekisa pre-ekhoyo. Kwabakho imfuneko zizakhele into entsha, engcono. Izinga - segama amagama IsiNgesi lokuhlenga sivumelwano, okukhona bubonakala "isivumelwano sentengiso nokuthengwa." Inkqubo yokuqala ukusetyenziswa Federal fund egciniweyo ukuba umbutho kwemiqathango karhulumente. Ekuqaleni oku kwenziwa ukuze eyiyo ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa siboleka inkqubo leebhanki. Ngokuthe ngcembe iinzuzo kwale ndlela sele kucaca ukuba abaseleyo iinkampani kunye mveliso. Kwaye de Second World War kunye Great Depression, loo iintengiselwano ziye ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi. Ke imeko yezoqoqosho iye yatshintsha kwaye imfuno ngezixhobo yaphela nje malunga neminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwakhona ezifanelekileyo repos kuphela ngo-1950 yaye ukususela ukunwenwa kulo lonke ihlabathi kwakhona zithanda. Ngokukodwa, igama computer, unxibelelwano kunye yonke into enxulumene nayo, enye negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kwesixhobo zemali.

imigomo

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba senzala yemali-transactions - yinto eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa ipropati. Enyanisweni, eyona njongo iphambili yalo msebenzi i mboleko elifutshane elide ngenxa yokuba malunga ixabiso efanayo asethi (zombini ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi ixabiso into intengiselwano ekuqaleni izivumelwano, ngaphantsi kancinane kunokuba ekugqibeleni. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, kukho imfuyo exabisa i-10 000 engange. Le nkampani uthengisa ukhuseleko kwaye ufumana iwaka 10. Ekubeni lokuthenga ibonelela inkululo umyalelo emva koko, kuza emva kufuneka ixesha ukwenza i operation umva. Kodwa ngexesha ukuphunyezwa kwayo abe njalo ukuba eli nyathelo ngoku ixabisa ngaphezu kwamawaka 15. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani kuya kufuneka ukuba lingabuyeli-10, kodwa-15 amawaka. Engange. Umdla macala izicacele. Ngoko ke, lo mboleki ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ufumana imali efunekayo, kwaye ogwetyelweyo kwixesha elifutshane ixesha ufumana inzuzo enkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengokuba kuyo nayiphi na enye imeko kunye nemali, wayesoloko iingozi kunokwenzeka leyo kule meko bekuya kuba ngaphezulu kwe kweentengiselwano ezinzile esicacileyo imali. Kodwa ke imali leyo ixabisa ngayo.

Izinga into

Izinga imicimbi engekenziwa ngezahlulo ethandwa, inzuzo, kulula nezaziwayo. Ekuqaleni, kwaqondwa ukuba imisebenzi ezifanayo ziya kwenziwa kuphela nezibambiso. Noko ke, njengokuba uphuhliso nkqubo baqalisa ukuqonda ukuba mfanekiso sikwazi ukusebenza naziphi na ezinye iimpahla okanye iimveliso. Intsingiselo imisebenzi enjalo unguYe efanayo, kodwa iphambili kukuba wamaphepha enzima kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuphinda-babhalise ubunini ekunene phantsi intengiselwano lentlawulelo ngenxa izibambiso, kuza kufuneka asebenzise imali encinane ixesha. Kodwa ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo kunye impahla, izixhobo okanye ilifa lokwenene ziye ukujongana ngokukodwa le ngxaki, nto leyo kufuna iinzame ezibalulekileyo kwaye kuthatha ixesha elininzi.

Iimpawu neeNzuzo

Ngokufutshane, ukuba mboleki kunye nombolekisi, echazwe apha ngentla. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba lo intsebenziswano obuza kulinceda sisiseko ukupheliswa nayiphi repo intengiselwano (kwakunye naziphi na ezinye amalungiselelo zemali) kufuneka Kuza kunatywa ngakumbi kulo mba. Ngoko ke, lo mntu ububoleke (oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu ofumana into), le ndlela kuluncedo kuba iba umnini epheleleyo propati. Xa eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe nobunini abolekisa zakudala kusekho ukulungiselela mboleki, leyo kwezinye iimeko anisizakali kakhulu (ingakumbi xa kuya kuba mkhulu iingenelo, i encinane ixesha kwintengiso yempahla). Umzekelo, ukuba umbolekisi ngenxa yesizathu esithile wala ngentlawulelo impahla yakhe yangaphambili, elinye iqela ungakwazi ngokukhawuleza ngokulula njenge umnini epheleleyo, ukuthengisa impahla ufumane inzuzo yazo. Akuyi kufuneka silinde ukuqhuba iinkqubo enkundleni ukuze ukubhenela filing bankruptcy, njalo-njalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokuba baqonda into yexabiso intengiselwano kwesivumelwano ke into ebalulekileyo nje, kungekhona nayiphi na imeko yezemali mzuzu lo mboleki. Oko kukuthi, kuyenzeka ukuba babe nomdla umntu onike imali xa inikeza into elulwelo kwaye ukuqinisekisa ilungelo lalo lokuba ilifa. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo kuba lula kakhulu ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kuluncedo kuba mboleki yesibini. Enoba embi iimali wayengadli kwakunjalo, ukuba kukho izibambiso ezithengisekayo (okanye ezinye iimveliso ezifana), ukuba unako ukufumana imali, kwaye ayithethi ukuba sichithe ixesha elininzi okanye amandla.

Izabelo kwaye iivoti

Kukho nenye inkalo ukuba ikhona kuphela utyando enjalo, njengoko intengiselwano lenzala. Umzekelo ngulo: Le nkampani uthengisa izabelo eliphethwe ngayo. Umnini abangabaxhamli kwizabelo kukho mboleki-mali, kodwa umvuzo oko akuthethi ukufumana - ziyashukuxwa yipropathi umnini wangaphambili kude kube mzuzu xa uya kwala yokuthenga repos into. Kwangaxeshanye, ilizwi ukuba anike izabelo sele ephethwe yi ukuba otyalwa, nto leyo inokuba ingxaki kwezinye iimeko. iinkampani abaninzi bakhetha ukujongana ngaxeshanye kukwenza isivumelwano amandla egqwetha, ukuze ukuba balahlekelwe ilungelo lokuvota. Kakade ke, sonke kuxhomekeke kwi ubudlelwane phakathi omabini, iimpawu kumsebenzi wabo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

irhafu

Kukho enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kunye umdla kakhulu into eyenza REPO-yingisela. Le ekuhlawuleni irhafu. Ngokukodwa, ezininzi iinketho wokuthenga nokuthengisa misebenzi, nto leyo asidlulisele ekhutshwe izibambiso, kakhulu inzuzo ngaphezu kwabanye. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha intengiselwano eqhelekileyo kuza kufuneka uhlawule irhafu into nje wo yingisela. Kodwa kwimeko lentlawulelo uthathwa eyongeziweyo lobeko apho intlawulo yenziwe kuphela ukuba umahluko phakathi ixabiso lokuqala istokhwe (okanye enye ukhuseleko efanayo) kunye neendleko zayo ngokupheleleyo. Kutshiphu kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unomdla kuphela ukhuseleko, kodwa ke iintlobo yentengiselwano eziye zagqitywa ngempumelelo. Oko kukuthi, izabelo nathengwa umva, yaye akazange ahlale ixesha mfani propati. Kwakhona khumbula ukuba elona xesha lininzi ayinakuba ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6.

Ukwahlukanisa irhafu

Enye yeengxaki ezisisiseko ezivelayo ukuba usebenzise inkqubo enjalo irhafu, ukuba kuyimfuneko, yimfuneko lokuhlela ngokucacileyo intengiselwano kunye into yayo. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka uqonde ukuba umsebenzi othile yinto ukuthenga elula okanye ukuthengiswa izibambiso ukuba ngokucacileyo, nokuba inkqubo adunyiswe uhlobo repo. Eneneni, iimfuno nemiqathango utyando loo mali ichazwe ngasentla. Ixesha - akukho ngaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6, le into - ngokufanayo, libhekisela izibambiso ezikhutshiweyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bethenga ezimbini kuphela, yaye musa ukutshintsha, njalo-njalo. Kuphela xa kulandelwe indlela idibana zonke iimfuno, uya kubonelela inkqubo yerhafu ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthetho wavumela ukwandiswa encinane, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe de kuphele ixesha langoku. Umzekelo, ukuba intengiselwano liphela ngoDisemba 10, kunokwenzeka ukuba uxolela de kube sekupheleni kwenyanga, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu.

Repo intengiselwano kunye Central Bank

ibhanki Russian okwangoku usebenzisa ezi ntlobo zemisebenzi kuphela ukwenzela ukunika amatyala. Enza kuphela nje umthengi, ukuthenga ngokhuselo amaziko ngetyala. Akukho namanye amaqela ezijongwa nxaxheba kurhwebo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze baxhamle kwizibonelelo zikhankanywe ngasentla, amaziko zemboleko kufuneka nakanjani zingqinelane neemfuno zicacise i-Central Bank. Kungenjalo, nabo yaye akukho namnye akuyi kusebenza. Ngaphandle iintengiselwano repo kunye neebhanki iquka iintlobo ezintathu ngezaphulelo - yasezantsi; ungeno okanye inqanaba eliphezulu. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba 100% sokuqala DISKONT amanyathelo aziyi kwamkelwa besibini.

Indlela kunye parameters

Izinga intengiselwano kunye Bank of Russia olwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Eyokuqala ibandakanya ifandesi, wesibini - a ixabiso elimisiweyo. Kubanjwe ngotyefezo zeveki ngenxa ukuthunyelwa kwemali yeveki e-1. Ngokwahlukeneyo iyakwenziwa yemnyama.Iifandesi ngaphezulu, bajolise kwi-mboleko imihla ukuya ku-6. Ixesha, uvavanyo nokwanela kwezicelo, isixa-mali kunye neminye imiba azimisele kuphela yi-Bank of Russia.

KwiNtengiselwano repo: Accounting

Mu kuya kwa nshita inkqubo yerhafu, ezo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kuba oku ukutshintsha kakhulu imali ekufuneka ihlawulwe, yonke ilula kakhulu accounting. Ngoko ke, zonke ezi imisebenzi ziboniswa kuphela ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa nayiphi na impahla. Akukho iimpawu ezizodwa okanye elinye inyathelo non-standard ayikho apha, ngokuba oko kulandela inkqubo eqhelekileyo zibonisa nje nentshukumo yokuqala isifundo ulithenga isivumelwano kwicala elinye, yaye ke, njengoko ukubuya kwakhe - kwenye.

iziphumo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba lenzala yemali-transactions - nto ilula kwaye yindlela ecacileyo imali. It ineendlela ezininzi phezu iinkqubo eqhelekileyo, zakudala xaxa, kodwa kukho ezinye kuneengxaki. Omnye wabo kuqwalaselwa ingozi ephezulu, kodwa imfuno kakhulu kulihlazo ukuthumela ubunini ngokupheleleyo naziphi na ii-asethi. Ngomhla ezifana imali kuphela ukuba iinkampani ezinkulu ngokwenene.