Ivanov, "Le Inkangeleko kaKristu ebantwini." Uhlalutyo womzobo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu"

Xa eyahlukileyo entendelezweni Tretyakov Gallery uyakwazi ukubona umfanekiso ivanov "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu." Laphu iyabamangalisa ngokobukhulu kunye nombala inks zayo, ukuntsonkotha nokwakheka. Malunga umbhali uyazi ukuba bokudla kwakhe nababengalwamkelanga ingqalelo awayesibawela evela bakhaya bakhe. Kwaye nangona asebenza umsebenzi wakhe, wachitha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, uninzi lwazo achitha kwilizwe lasemzini. Kodwa ngoku wonke umntu uyakwazi ukubona umzobo eneenkcukacha "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu." Inkcazelo inikwe kweli nqaku.

biography emfutshane wegcisa

Yintoni eyaziwayo ngobomi lwemizobo umbhali? Wazalwa ngo-1806 usapho umculi. Wafunda kwi inkosi elizayo Imperial Academy of Arts. Ngokuba impumelelo yakhe ukuzoba nkqu elivisayo, waphumelela iimbasa ezimbini zesilivere. Oku kwalandelwa iimbasa ezimbini zegolide. Emva kule Society ukukhuthaza amagcisa wagqiba ukuthumela Alexander eItali ukuphucula ukupeyinta. Kungenxa kweli lizwe, igcisa waza wadala ngelaphu yakhe ezukileyo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu." E Rome, umfanekiso yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Kwaye apha kwilizwe wahlangana cool ekuqaleni. ulutsha oluqhubekayo kuphela, ekhala kwi imizobo, ingqalelo kuye mzekelo ubalaseleyo ithuba entsha ngokupheleleyo ukupeyinta. Kungekudala emva kokuba umboniso umzobi ivanov wagula kunye ikholera waza wafa. Emva koko Tsar Alexander II 15 000 bathenga womzobo "imbonakalo kaKristu ebantwini." Imbali yokudweba kukuba wobugcisa kungekudala yafudukela eMoscow, apho waye Tretyakov Igalari. Apho ke unanamhla.

picture subject

Lomculi ixesha elide ezitsalwa ingcamango ukudala ngelaphu ebonisa ukubonakala kukaMesiya. Phinda-yokufunda iVangeli, waya ekuyilweni bafaka imifanekiso yeBhayibhile. Phambi kwakhe, isifundo esetyenziswa kwi kumzobo Domeniko Di Tommaso del Ghirlandaio, ngomzobi Italian le Renaissance ukudala wobugcisa yakhe, "Ukubhaptizwa kaKristu, St John." Ethetha iinxalenye zeBhayibhile, equlathe ibali isiganeko esibalulekileyo, nto leyo eye wanikela ukupeyinta yakhe ivanov. Imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu - enye ugqaliselo ibalulekileyo iTestamente Entsha.

Aya kweleentaba iHermon nelaseLebhanon asuka ezingcwele eYordan emlanjeni. Xa sifika zayo ezisezantsi ezo iindawo ezingcwele apho ke washumayela Ioann Krestitel. Abazali bakhe, Elizabeth kunye noZakariya sele kwi lupheleyo, xa wazala unyana. Inkwenkwe egama uYohane. Abaninzi wawa isabelo aswele umprofeti elizayo. Xa ukumkani wakwaYuda, uHerode wayalela ukuba kubulawe bonke abantwana abaseBhetelehem, unina wakhe, uElizabeth, yayibaleka unyaka-emibini, unyana entlango ukugcina umntwana wakhe evela kubulawa. John kungekudala elahlekileyo abazali. Wayehlala yedwa entlango, ukutya izityalo abanxibe izikhumba zezilwanyana. Xa wayeneminyaka 13, waya kuMlambo iYordan, ukwazisa abahlali bengingqi malunga ukubuya kukuba uMesiya. Ukuze kube bathontelana abantu kwiilali ezikufutshane. Bamphulaphula ilizwi lakhe. UYohane, ekuthiwa ukuba baguquke kwizono zabo. Kunye nabo, uMprofeti sokuvalwa "jet Jordan" kubhaptiza. Ngoko ke emlanjeni omkhulu yaba womgca balefwaya ehlabathini lonke. Ioann Predtecha wathetha ukufika kukuba kuMsindisi. Wonke umntu elindele oku.

Ekugqibeleni imini walangazelela-kuba kufikile. Ngasechwebeni loMlambo Holy Iisus Hristos Wabonakala imiwunduzo obulula ngumchweli waseGalili. Akukho namnye kwabo langoku, ngaphandle uMbhaptizi, abazange bakuphawule oko. UNyana kaThixo wayethobekile, nto umi phakathi kwabanye. Wangena amanzi aseYordan, ukuba abhaptizwe nguye. Ahlambe emanzini ingcwele kuye ukuba kamva iphele ukuhlanjwa yegazi eKalvari. Yeyona ibali ngobhaptizo ukubandezeleka kwabantu belindele uMesiya, yaye kuboniswe ngelaphu yakhe ivanov.

Njani umsebenzi kwi web?

Ubukho kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 kumsebenzi inkosi womzobo "imbonakalo kaKristu ebantwini." Imbali yayo indalo umdla yakhe kunene. Kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba umzobi wazoba yemizobo "imbonakalo uKristu Vukile kuMariya waseMagadala." Phambi ukusebenza kwi isemagqabini umbhali kuye singaphunyezwa izifundo ezingaphezu kwama-600. Ivanov bethandazile bafuna AMAGQABAZA ▸ nabalinganiswa movie phakathi abahlobo, baze abantu abadlulayo ezitratweni, iimarike njalo njalo. inani nganye, ngokutsho inkosi, kwakumele ukuba amele lonke ihlabathi nobomi nzima ikamva. Xa usebenza kwi ukupeyinta, ivanov izihlandlo eziliqela ukutshintsha kombhalo wokuqala ukhulelwe. Apha ke nethe iindibano yokudweba zemfundo. Ngendlela yakhe eqhelekileyo eziziimpawu wegcisa ngokusengqiqweni zazibonisa ebusweni abantu abadlulayo iimvakalelo zabo. Kakhulu kwimpumelelo nalo liye libe space kunye nomthamo transfer. Ixesha elininzi umsebenzi obukhulu yabanjwa e-Italy. Yintoni umdla kukuba, uYesu akazange yagqitywa loo mfanekiso. Oku kwathintela isifo ngcembe iliso opeyintayo, kwakunye utshintsho kwimbonakalo yakhe. Ekupheleni lomsebenzi Isinikezeli ivanov elahlekileyo nokholo into yokuba yonqulo ntshumayelo, ethwele inyaniso ngendlela yobuciko, kunokuba negalelo kwinguqu woMntu. Kodwa kule ke ngelaphu rough ngumzekelo obalaseleyo monumentalism yamandulo.

imbonakalo-mhlaba

Ilaphu ezimibalabala kakhulu. Uhlobo ayikho ngaphantsi ezichazayo ngaphezu namanani oluntu. Njengoko yaziwa, isiphumo kumfanekiso ngelaphu eyenzeka ePalestina. Kodwa umzobi zange abe ithuba atyelele eli osecaleni isifundo eneenkcukacha yohlobo kwezo ndawo. uhlobo olufanelekileyo ixesha elide ukuba ufuna e-Italy. Kwaye wakwazi ukufumana naye. Kwaqengqeleka iinyanga kokuba wayephila imigxobhozo kunye backwoods kweli lizwe, ndizama ukuvelisa uhlobo weLizwe Holy emsebenzini wabo. Ngobuciko emangalisayo, imizwa kunye ngokoqobo kufanekisela inkosi yakhe. Apha ilanga-elibharhileyo ithafa enamatye kunye neentaba yinkungu blue esekude, kwaye lomlanjana engcwele, yimimango imithi, amatyholo. Iyamangalisa into wafumana nendibaniselwano umbala emangalisayo ivanov apha. "Inkangeleko kaKristu ebantwini" - umfanekiso ngokwenene wobugcisa. Kubonakala ngathi inkosi ayiqabe ibhrashi, esithinzini apho kwelanga. Ngoko ke yonke into ke ukukhanya, ukhazimle, nemincili.

Inkcazelo womfanekiso

Ongaphambili liqela lwemizobo kumaYuda, ebize amanzi oMlambo oyiNgcwele ukumamela umshumayeli uYohane, wahlambuluka izono aze abhaptizwe nguye. Kukho abantu abakubudala ezahlukeneyo, iiklasi zentlalo kunye neenkolo. strong njani umahluko phakathi amaYuda kuboniswe kumfanekiso, ezahlukeneyo njalo neemvakalelo ngobuso babo. Umntu okhangela kaYohane, iimvakalelo kunye nemincili ngaphambi kokufika kukaMesiya, umntu - kunye ukungabaza ngoncumo nokungathembani, kwaye abanye kunye ingqumbo nentiyo. Xa ukupeyinta "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu," umculi kubonisiwe inani indoda endala esisityebi kunye ikhoboka lakhe intambo entanyeni yakhe, ndichopha phezu haunches bakhe ecaleni inkosi yakhe, wamnika iingubo zakhe kuye. Impressively kuyo ingqalelo nomsa uMprofethi ukuphulaphula Slave. Ondele kuye, uqinisekile ukuba khoboka iya kuba ngomnye abaxhasi bangi ubuKristu. Loo nomvakalelo womoya onamandla eveliswa kwi umBhaptizi ilizwi lakhe. Ukuba ukholo entsha, ngokutsho umninindlu, wayeza kuzisa ndawonye abantu kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Ecaleni nomprofethi abapostile: esobukhomokazi indoda ebomvu-iinwele eliyinkunzi ngengubo ebomvu ingubo yellow Ioann Bogoslov nomntu gray elithe ubudala yokwaleka emnyama umnquma nge ubuso onengqondo Andrew. Oku abafundi elizayo kunye abalandeli bakaKristu, ukuba emva ukuvuka uMsindisi iya kuba ndithetha abantu malunga kwasemhlabeni uMesiya. Apho phakathi kwesihlwele abafundi umBhaptizi ebizwa ngokuba "abagxeki". Lo umfana ubuso enhle, yabakho iindevu emnyama. Yena ndandingcangcazela uyisongele ingubo ende eliluhlaza eluhlaza. Amehlo akhe aqondele phantsi. Zobuso binzana libonisa ukungakholwa amathandabuzo malunga nokuchaneka umprofeti. I "abathandabuzayo" yesibini - umntu omhlophe-elineentshebe ubudala ingubo emnyama. Uyayiphulaphula ngenyameko amazwi kaYohane. Oku mhlawumbi iintlanga ababeza kumva ukushunyayelwa loMsindisi ozayo yaye musani ukukholwa imimangaliso. Ukuya ngasekhohlo kubo kuboniswe indoda endala Esayama uluthi, kwaye umfana ze. Bona bahlambe nje amanzi oMlambo iYordan ngoku ningamboniyo Ndalukwa kuYohane.

Ukuya ekunene uMprofeti liqela labantu amehlo kwi zokuza kaKristu mgama. Phakathi kwazo elwayo kubabingeleli abakhulu nababhali ngumshumayeli. Abaxhasi ukholo endala. Babo ubuso ifundwe kunye nokungathandi entsha mfundiso, nabo nengqele nabantu oko kwenzekayo, nokungathembani kunye ezimithiyo umsindo. Oku ngokukhethekileyo kubonwa ngokucacileyo nembonakalo yobuso yeli xhego kunye nempumlo elibi zamafu. Uvezwa kwiprofayili. Ekhululekile kwaye amanani alandelayo ongaphambili. Lo mfana isiqingatha-ze eneenkontsho iinwele ezibomvu. umzimba wakhe namehlo wajika kuKristu. Okulandelayo kuye babizwa ngokuba "hexe" - inkwenkwe kunye noyise. Baya wadada nje amanzi omlambo engcwele ukuba abhaptizwe. Ukwesaba, uthando sithobele amazwi kaYohane. umfanekiso yabo yonke sesona ukulungela ukwamkela unqulo olutsha nikholwe ekuzeni kukaMesiya. Okulandelayo, isihlwele uyakwazi ukubona imikhosi yamaRoma yathi yathumela apha ukuba bagcine inkqubo, abafazi, ibithambile apha ekapa grupo. Yintoni umdla kukuba, njengokuba wosana ukuba umfanekiso abangendawo wenza umhlobo olungileyo ivanov - UNikolai Gogol. Womzobo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu 'wazilanda ngokucacileyo nokufana umbhali enkulu ebusweni nangesimilo. Oku obonakala ingakumbi kumzobo ukuya ngelaphu.

Inani of Ioanna Krestitelya

Ngokutsho kweBhayibhile, ixesha elininzi abalichitha umprofeti entlango, enxibe izikhumba zezilwanyana, ukutya izityalo kunye nokulungiselela ukuba uhleliyo olilungisa kude ebantwini. Apha yaye yafaka "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu, indlela apho inokuchazwa ngokoqobo academic, Ioann Krestitel uboniswa umntu aphezulu kunye neenwele ezinde, ngokungakhethiyo elibaleka ethabathela emagxeni akhe kwaye ngeendevu. Uye ubuso baluthuthu zibhityile, amehlo ezazikayo, kukhutshwe ngaye umntu, imihla emininzi sachithwa wedwa kunye radevshego Ngokuba bayahlelwa uluntu. Yena unxibe eluswini kwinkamela yokwaleka esinombala okhanyayo zenkqunto irhabaxa. izandla Strong neenyawo, ibunzi aphezulu abakrelekrele, khangela nzima nithi tsotsololo amandla engaphakathi umbhaptizi. Uyatsho kubantu inani labantu, bonisa nje phezu elulwalwa, eArabha ilanga-yokuba zingenangcambu zoma kwaphela. Kuyinto Iisus Hristos ngokwakhe - uMesiya, abalandeli elide lilindelwe uMprofethi. Usesandleni sakhe sasekhohlo umbhaptizi umnqamlezo - iisimboli yokholo entsha. senzo izigqibo uYohane, ubuso bakhe bathi malunga uchulumanco nolonwabo apho adibana uMesiya kudala elindelwe.

Inani kaKristu

I-central isafobe ubume kukuthi Ioann Krestitel. Kodwa uMsindisi iboniswe mgama. Kodwa le mculi imke ukubaluleka kwayo ekwakhiweni lulonke. Xa ukupeyinta "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu," umbhali ubhala uMesiya umntu iingubo ethafeni. Kodwa konke unika "Nyana kaThixo ', yaye ubungangamsha iqinelwa, lubuye bamangalisayo nembonakalo yakhe, nokuchasanisa kunye umphandle ezintabeni ... I umbukeli nzima ukubona ubuso uMsindisi. Zeziphi iimvakalelo siveza? Kubonakala ukuba has konke: yoxolo ubungangamsha, uvuyo kunye nothando ... Omangalisayo kaKristu ecacileyo, kodwa awucaci kunye ncam. Yena uthwele kungummangaliso kwaye kunzima ukuyichaza. Le mbono ethile umbhali lo mfanekiso. Wabeka uMesiya ngale ndlela ngenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, angathanda ukuba bajolise hayi ebusweni kunye nani le uMsindisi, weza kweli hlabathi ukuze akhulule abantu kwisono, yaye iindlela ophendula abantu ukuba senzeko kaYesu. Okwesibini, ubuKristu ngokwayo ngoxa amaYuda kwakubonakala ngathi kungummangaliso kwaye nentsonkothileyo uthobeke.

Uhlalutyo womzobo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu"

Uluntu ngokubanzi akazange aqonde injongo yombhali, nentsingiselo enzulu bulumko ezendeleyo kwimveliso. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi wegcisa iye yamkelwa ekuqaleni kuhle kakhulu. Abaphulaphuli osetyenziswayo sibona naluphi na uhlobo ubuqhawe yobugcisa, nokuba ikuluphi na uhlobo kuyo amele kungenzeka. Apha inkosi obuvezwa abantu bokwenene kunye neemvakalelo zabo ngokwenene. Kuba wonke, kwaba ngathi kukulavuza! Kulo mfanekiso abantu Andikubonanga. Indlela iimvakalelo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo yaye ingadala umntu, ukulungiselela isiganeko enkulu ebomini bakho - oko nto ndifuna ukubonisa umsebenzi wakhe ivanov. "Inkangeleko kaKristu ebantwini" - umfanekiso-isithsaba umsebenzi wakhe. writ enkulu wegcisa apha ukuqonda okunzulu kwengqondo kwabantu. hero ngalinye iingoma zakhe - ihlabathi liphela iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo. Xa sijonga le mizobo ye nawuphi na umsebenzisi, ungenza ngokulula indlela lo mntu kuphela into ubomi, oko anako udidi nonqulo, kodwa yintoni na ihlabathi yakhe ngaphakathi, yintoni luyabakhuthaza. Ekuqaleni umsebenzi kwi-master umzobo kwakusondela ibali yeBhayibhile. Kodwa ekupheleni kwayo kwafuneka ukuba ningayekeleli amathuba unqulo ukuya inguqu, ukuvuselelwa womntu. Okulandelayo wayefuna ukuba ubhale Kwangokunjalo, kodwa ngaphandle eniwelela kulo ukuba iVangeli, kwaye eveza iingcinga neemvakalelo zabantu bexesha lakhe kwilizwe lakhe. It is Kulusizi ukuba akenza. Waye ukugula kakhulu kwangoko. Kodwa indima enkulu kule ebidlalwe kunye nentiyo kunye butshaba, leyo kuqala wathabatha umsebenzi wakhe wonke.

Bayahlelwa womzobo

Ngowe-1857, umsebenzi ngelaphu enkulu lwagqitywa. Imilinganiselo womzobo bagwayimbile :. 540 x 750 cm Ngowe-1858, ivanov ugqiba ukuya eSt Petersburg thaca wobugcisa loluntu jikelele. Iimali ukuthutha imisebenzi emikhulu-isikali art wanikela Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Elena Pavlovna. LeMiboniso lwemizobo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu", yaye zonke izifundo kunye nomzobo kwenzeka kwiholo ye-Academy of Arts Fine. uvavanyo zicacileyo umsebenzi wobugcisa nto ifunyenwe. Amagosa bahlangana intle yayo. Kodwa kwi imeko yoluntu wenza nomvakalelo womoya onamandla. Abantu Progressive belo xesha ngamxhelo azinakanwa umbhali imizobo artist qwa abo wafumana indlela entsha ukupeyinta. iiveki ezintandathu emva kokuba umboniso ivanov wagula kunye ikholera waza wafa. kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva koko uMlawuli Alexander II wathenga nokuzobela 15,000 engange - isixa kakhulu ngaloo mihla. Wamsa kwakhe isipho Rumyantsev Museum umzi ka-St Petersburg. Kuba abanjalo a ngelaphu enkulu emgceni kuba ngumnquba eyahlukileyo. Ngo-1925 i Rumyantsev Museum, baye bafudukela eMoscow, aye ohlulwa. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa yadluliselwa kuRhulumente Tretyakov Gallery. Ngowe-1932 kwakhiwa apho igumbi eyahlukileyo Lavrushinsky Lane for ezinjalo canvases ezinkulu-scale. Apha ke unanamhla. Kwisixeko St. Petersburg kwi-State Museum IsiRashiya izifundo ezininzi kunye nomzobo ezintathu womzobo.

anika umdla

• Lo mfanekiso - umbhali ingxelo pension karhulumente Italy. Kweli lizwe umzobi yathunyelwa kwiminyaka 4 ukuphucula ubugcisa. Nge-20 iminyaka Ukwazile Zolule "internship" Alexander ivanov. "Inkangeleko kaKristu ebantwini" - umfanekiso, apho wayesebenza.
• Enye amanani zipeyintwe yi iinkosi ukusuka Nikolaya Gogolya. Esi sesinye abazihlambululayo okwindawo kufutshane kuKristu. On a ngelaphu enkulu ezifanayo ngokulambisa azikaqapheleki. Kodwa nomzobo womzobo, nto ibonakala ngokucacileyo.
• Le ndoda endala ngasekhohlo Unxibe emhlophe umbhinqo. Xa reflection le iqhekeza impahla ebonakala ebomvu.
• Kufuphi Ioanna Krestitelya ubonisa njengesicaka ekapa oluhlaza. ubuso bakhe liluhlaza. Oku ngokucacileyo nomzobo womzobo.
• Phakathi zililo eqela engundoqo amanani umhambi ibonakala ngokucacileyo kukho abasebenzi umnqwazi izimvi obanzi. Ngale ndlela umzobi kubonisiwe ngokwakhe.
• Nje kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ntetho uluntu womzobo "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu," Aleksandra ivanova engasekho. Imihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe zizele uthotywa kunye lithemba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba akazange afumane imali wathembisa ukuba lo msebenzi. abathandi Art wagxeka kuyo. Emva kokufa yombhali, ukumkani ngobubele wamnika Order of St. Vladimir, wayithenga loo nokuzobela eninzi imali ngaloo mihla.