Religion Mongolia. amaziko enkolo. Inabantu Mongolia

Territory, apho isibhakabhaka zidibana kunye emathafeni, indawo apho bolawulo entlango leenkamela, neenkomo iinkomo emhlophe intente abalusi amadlelo - yi Mongolia, lilizwe yencopho uwine phantse ikota zomhlaba. Kwaye ingxokolo ufukame Genghis Khan. Ke kaloku, malunga Ngaloo maxesha embhoxo a iindonga enkangala ogrunjiweyo ngoko ilivo zobutyebi omkhulu Khan Great.

Mongolia yanamhlanje

Modern - Mongolia i riphablik yolawulo lwentando yesininzi yepalamente elikhokelwa nguMongameli, elawulwa Hural omkhulu. Eyona unqulo Mongolia - ubuBhuda. Ulwimi - Mongolian, nangona entla idla ukuva lwimi Chinese. I elide-emi amaqhina close lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko kunye eSoviet Union lubonise ukuba abahlali abaninzi wayezazi iilwimi Russian kunye Kazakh. Ngoku ilizwe wokwakha uqoqosho lwayo, sithembele ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye nezimbiwa. Ulikhaya abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu.

Mongolia nenkolo

Traditional inkolo yamandulo of Mongolia - ubuBhuda, ukuba ngokungqalileyo, yinto simo Lamaism. Uvuma isiqingatha yakhe labantu bebonke. AmaSilamsi, Sunnis, amaKristu, abalandeli nemimoya kwenza ukuya malunga ne-10%.

De 1921 Tibetan iinkolelo ifihle phantse-95% yabantu Mongolian. Ngexesha kolawulo lwamaKomanisi zonke iintlobo zonqulo qhuba. Ukutshatyalaliswa godlo, odibanisa Lama iimonki eSiberia, zonke iintlobo zengcinezelo kukhokelele kwinto yokuba namhlanje isizukulwana lonke ulutsha Mongolians bazibiza njengokuba non-amakholwa (35%). Modern Mongolia ahlangabezana kwakhula yenkolo kwaye ibuyisela izinto ezingcwele elahlekileyo.

ObuBhuda emhlabeni

Senye yeenkolo ezintathu ezinkulu babeqhelisela namhlanje ehlabathini jikelele abantu abazizigidi 360. Lo ubuBhuda, unqulo Mongolia, China, Korea, eJapan, eIndiya, kumazwe eQhelekileyo yaseMpuma kunye mpuma Asia. Nangona yena ngakumbi ngathi imfundiso bulumko. AmaBhuda ndizishumayele ulwazi zehlabathi ngako ukumazi ngokwakhe - indlela bengqondo, ubudlelwane phakathi njengokungathi engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Le izimiso unqulo isekelwe singabenzakalisi, uphuhliso ubulumko nokumodareyithwa. Unxibelelwano kunye nemikhosi oluPhakamileyo amaBhuda ngokucamngca. iindawo zonqulo zahlulwe amasebe ezintathu eziphambili: Hinayana, Mahayana kunye Vajrayāna (ngobuwena Mongolian).

Lonke uluntu lwehlabathi amaBhuda bahlanganisana kwimibutho ezimbini ezinkulu, enye yazo - Asian dha leNkomfa Uxolo - uye ikomkhulu layo ikomkhulu Mongolia, Ulan Bator.

Iimpawu of Buddhism Mongolian

ukutolikwa Tibetan obuBhuda, elibanga yabemi Mongolia, iye ngokuba "Lamaism." ukuzakhela Oku ngandlel utshintsho ulwalathiso phakathi izizwe amadlelo, leyo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo wakholwa onguNaphakade Blue Sky, uMama Earth, imimoya uhlobo emhlabeni, umlilo, izilwanyana ... nomoya Genghis Khan - umxhasi ongcwele lonke eli lizwe. Mongolia wasungula unqulo xa Buddhism egqwethekileyo yaye eguquguqukayo ukuncedisana mibala zabo zokufundisa zobuhedeni. Ngenxa notshintsho nolwamkelo kwakukho isebe eyodwa Buddhism Tibetan-Mongolian - Lamaism. Eyona njongo iphambili yale Vajrayana ijolise ekuphuculeni ingqondo nomzimba, ukwabiwa kwamandla psychophysical, ukuphumeza ithi ezinzulu ukuzikisa ingqondo.

inkokeli ngokomoya Vajrayana - UDalai Lama, igama elithetha "ngaphezulu engenzekiyo."

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Mongolia zenkolo

izakhiwo zenkolo, ezisetyenziswa liziko ophilileyo iimonki Lama - kukho iilali lonke tiered izakhiwo iitempile, pagodas, izakhiwo lenkumbulo. Iinkomo kufuywe kwawenza yabemi yamandulo emaqeleni Mongolian ayikhange negalelo kuphuhliso yokuhlala izinziswe. amanqaku kuphela indawo esisigxina baba nezigodlo Mongolian. Njengoko liziko yonxibelelwano kunye nezenkolo, kamva yaba izixeko needolophu namaziko. Abanye baba iinkqubo ezizodwa. Ikakhulu phezu amathambeka eentaba, izakhiwo zetempile Lama khangela kakuhle kakhulu, saniqononondisa.

Islam e Mongolia

Iinkalo ekusasazeni Islam Khovd kunye Bayan-Ulgii - kwintsimi yembali zokusonjululwa Kazakhs. Ekubeni olu hlanga ngokwemveli amaSilamsi, Islam nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela njengenxalenye unqulo ngozalelwe kuloo Mongols. Kunye ne Kazakhs bathi Islam naye evela Turkmenistan - Khoton. Ukuba Kazakhs Mongolian kufuneka imigaqo engqongqo ngakumbi elukholweni, Houghton kwizithethe zooyise njengoko exutywe kunye izithethe zasekuhlaleni kunye neenkolelo, nangona ubambe unqulo engcwele ookhokho bethu, yaye musa ukulibala ukuba --Muslims.

Eli nani likhulu zamaSilamsi kanye ekujoliseni labemi yamaSilamsi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunazo zonke kubo use Uglie. Elikomkhulu Mongolia, Ulan Bator lidume ukuba lokukhonzela yamandulo zembali Return meng. nokuphuma zifuduka, abemi ngakumbi zizaliswe eyinkunzi nenzala Muslim; ukuba wadala iziko yenkcubeko apha kwaye kungekudala uza kuvula omnye Cathedral Mosque.

ubuKristu Mongolia

uluntu zamaKristu Mongolia wabonakala kumaxesha amandulo. Amakholwa abarhwebi neengcibi kanye kuhlala kwilizwe elitsha, wamisa itempile, wamema ububingeleli babo. Ebudeni bolawulo Communist Party wawuvalwe nayiphi na inkolo, kuquka ubuKristu.

Kweli xesha linye ngemvuselelo kwamaziko yonqulo amaKatolika ezimbalwa Orthodox, ehlala Mongolia sakwazi ukuba uluntu zabo mabandla, behambela iitempile. Abameli beli ukholo - ukuba ubukhulu becala abantu abasebenza okanye ezinye izizathu nje ukuhlala kweli lizwe.

The Catholic Mission limelwe mabandla ezine, ezintathu kuzo zifumaneka Ulaanbaatar, omnye - kwisixeko Darkhan. Kukho amaKatolika lonke Mongolia ayikho kakhulu - malunga amawaka abantu.

Orthodox e Mongolia nayo ngoku. Kwikomkhulu, kukho Emnye Church, bamiselwa ngo-2009. ibandla lakhe - malunga nekhulu abasebenzi kummandla Russian, Ukraine, Belarusians, Georgians kunye nabantu bezinye iintlanga, nto leyo ukholo Orthodox kwabazalelwe.

abathandazi Mongolian

Nemimoya njengendlela unqulo Mongolia libambe indawo ebalulekileyo kubomi nabantu basekuhlaleni. Lo mkhuba kuthatha imvelaphi kunqulo lobuhedeni, apho isikhundla oothixo zakhiwe onke amandla endalo ngezimanga zendalo. Kule abathandazi Mongolian mihla akunanto yakwenza charlatanism kunye nokungahoyi. Ezi kwabaneshologu yokwenene, leyo, ngenxa iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi engqondweni yakhe nomzimba ziye zafikelela kwimfezeko liphezulu. Ezingena kwimeko ekhethekileyo sethongweni, le shaman uzuza uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kunye nemimoya, isipho sokuphilisa nokuvumisa. Inkolo nemimoya lijolise ekomelezeni ubudlelwane n'wina umzimba womntu ukusuka ngumsongi ngokomoya. nemimoya Mongolian ngokusondeleyo ezinxulumene Lamaism kunye namhlanje yi ukubukeka bama exoticism yasekuhlaleni. Enyanisweni, izakhono nobuchule iishaman sina abaphandi abanomdla kummandla psychology, kunye amathuba yabantu.

Inani labemi: impilo kunye namasiko

Eyona yabantu Mongolia i usenokuphila ubomi ayohlala. Le akuyona i irhafu nje imikhwa nezithethe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko, ngokuvumela aziphilise, na izilwanyana. Abantu e Iiyurt zobuhlobo luncedo kubantu bonke, kungakhathaliseki unqulo. Ukwenza akukho ukunyamezelana ububi kunye - ezi imigaqo esisiseko obuBhuda kunye nemimoya. Kodwa indawo yonqulo ngaphandle nokholo amandla abo ngempumelelo, kodwa kuba nje befuna ukwazi ukuba ukuzivelela iintlanga ayikhuthazwa. Mongolians ziyivela kakhulu nakoomoya zabo.