R-500 - high-ngqo enomjukujelwa kunye subsonic. Russian iza enomjukujelwa eliphakathi uluhlu

Ngo-2011, siye yamkela inkqubo entsha efektri karhulumente ukuze 2011-2020 (ixesha ukuphunyezwa kwayo ngokunxulumene nengxaki kwezoqoqosho uya kumka). Le nkqubo yenziwa enkulu-isikali kwakhona izixhobo, yotshintsho izixhobo ezikhoyo. Hayi indima lokugqibela eyadlalwa rocket kwi omkhosi ye retooling Russian.

Ngokuxhobisa ukucima bombutho

Ekupheleni konyaka-2014, uMphathi Jikelele Staff Valery Gerasimov zishwankathelwe iziphumo yotshintsho umkhosi kunyaka odlulileyo. Njengenxalenye kwezixhobo enomjukujelwa, waphawula ukuba iRussia ufumene amathathu anesibhozo InterContinental imijukujelwa weave. regiments zokhuselo Air zaye esongezelelwe umoya wokhuselo namhlanje Kazakhstan. Amaqela amabini rearmed ku "Iskander-M".

Kananjalo wathetha unikezelo kwezixhobo waselwandle, ezizezi indawo ngwenya, "Novorossiysk" inkwili kunye imijukujelwa iza "Severodvinsk" Iinqanawa enomjukujelwa elincinane "Uglich" yaye "Grad Sviyazhsk". Ukongeza, inkqubo ephuculiweyo esilumkisa yokuhlaselwa ngezikhali.

wenza njani "Iskander"

Kwi i "Iskander" kuqala wafunda kwi "maks-99" Air Show e Zhukovsky, kummandla eMoscow. Sergei ivanov, lowo ngelo xesha i-Russian yoKhuselo uMphathiswa, uthe le nkqubo enomjukujelwa iya kuthengwa, ukususela ngo-2005.

Owandulela "Iskander" inkqubo enomjukujelwa waba 9K714 "Oka", yaphuhliswa phantsi kwesikhokelo lowo wengcibi yokuluka kunye lebyi igama SP Gidi. Okumiselwe "Oka" Noko ke, sifile.

Ngowe-1987, uMongameli we-USSR kunye US Gorbachev kunye Reagan abasayinileyo iSivumelwano phezu Ukuphelisa imijukujelwa elifutshane kunye neliphakathi-kuluhlu. Race Uhlobo lizwekazi Nuclear Izixhobo luye lwayekiswa, kodwa ngenxa yezenzo kobunkokheli eSoviet kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuziphendulela iinkqubo izixhobo zelizwe ziye kufika phantsi kwemiqathango. "Oka" ikuluhlu yokuqala kuluhlu kwaye kuxhomekeke entshabalalweni. Ngowe-1989, izindululi elinamakhulu amabini, anekhulu elinamanci mabini enomjukujelwa yatshabalala.

"Iskanderovskaya" fane

Abafundi yoyiswe ikwazile ukuvuselela isakhiwo, leyo kuthiwa "Iskander" (gama elo elithetha inguqulelo ukusuka Tatar "winner"). Kwisakhiwo esitsha, Kakade ke, unezixhobo ukusebenza iimpawu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa kuneyokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iingcamango okuqala "Oka", yaqhubeka kwaye ziphuhliswe kwi "Iskander".

Xa imo uchulumanco kakhulu wazisa Western ukukhankanywa kwezopolitiko elite ukubeka eRashiya, e Kaliningrad, ngolwesihlanu ngoNovemba 2008, "Iskander". Le yashukunyiswa elifana oko kwenzeka kwi ngokukhankanywa umchiza waseSiriya okanye izixhobo zenyukliya Iranian. Ekubeni P-500 enomjukujelwa "Iskander" nkuku, NATO kunye United States kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa mpikiswano elide lixesha ukugqiba.

Kodwa yintoni ukusabela onjalo? Yintoni ingxaki? Kodwa ke into yokuba eliphakathi-uluhlu enomjukujelwa complex "Iskander" kusebenza imperceptible. Oku kungenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• A cruise enomjukujelwa uyakwazi ukujika kunye kwingxinano emangalisayo, apho namhlanje abakwazi ukufikelela noba yenye enomjukujelwa interceptor ehlabathini.
• Nokuba kwindawo yangaphambili bekuya kuba kunokwenzeka ngoko ukufumanisa radar yayo umgangatho uthetha ngqiqweni.
• "Iskander" uyakwazi bamphose iithagethi ngokukodwa yokulahlekisa utshaba, kananjalo ukumisela erediyo kwaye jamming zonke emitters utsaleleka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokhuselo ngezikhali.

Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi na into ingabekwa kumgama ozikilometa ezingamakhulu amahlanu itshitshayo complex "Iskander" phantse nekhulu ekhulwini.
Zokusebenza kunye Tactical Kazakhstan ke iintlobo ezintathu: "Iskander-E", "Iskander-M" yaye "Iskander-K."

"Iskander-E"

Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba kwamanye amazwe. iimpawu zayo eziphambili zezi zilandelayo: uluhlu - iikhilomitha amabini anamanci asibhozo xa ubunzima kwindawo engundoqo ye amane anamanci asibhozo neekhilogram; Isantya flight - 2100 m / umzuzwana.
Inkqubo Ukwakheka enomjukujelwa luquka omnye-isigaba irula yokuqalisa iyunithi self-ngokwaso, iposi umyalelo nabemithwalo-ukulayisha isithuthi, iyunithi mobile for ukulungiselela ulwazi, iiyunithi eziziimobhayili ezibonelela izicwangciso zobugcisa basekhaya ARSENALNY kunye iikiti zoqeqesho.

"Iskander-M"

Le nguqulelo ye "Iskander" jikelele nzima kakhulu ukusetyenziswa ekhaya Russian. "Iskander-E" - uguqulelo kumazwe iphuhliswe ngenxa yayo.

"Iskander-M" - hayi lubonakale xa kuthelekiswa kushenxa elidlulileyo, kwaye banako ngcono zombini ekuqaleni kunye Inqanaba lokugqibela le-moya. inkqubo yalo isikhokelo kudityaniswe okubonakalayo kunye laser homing, ulungiso koonomathotholo kunye GPS.

P-500 rocket

Zisetyenziswa kwi sakhiwo enomjukujelwa "Iskander-M". A kuphuhliswa iza imijukujelwa P-500 ukususela ngowe-1998.

Ezi izikhali ubunzima eekhilogremu engamakhulu omane anamanci asibhozo, ke kumgama ozikilometa kwamakhulu amahlanu ngexesha moya imizuzu engamashumi amabini anesine, ngesantya amakhulu amabini, anamanci mathathu ukuya iikhilomitha ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu ngomzuzwana. Nangona ekuqaleni ayenzelwanga iza enomjukujelwa "Iskander-M", kamva yaba malilungiselelwe kamva kuphuhliswa "Iskander". Iimvavanyo zokuqala kunye ngendlela ephuculiweyo complex kwenzeka kwi Kapustin Yar ngo-2007. Kukho enomjukujelwa P-500 iye yabonisa yonke intsebenzo yazo ophezulu.

inkqubo yolawulo enomjukujelwa kungenzeka ukuba sisekelwe phezu isiseko GPS kunye digital computer. NB akukho ngokwahlukana. inkqubo Qala isebenza kunye kwiinkqubo satellite navigation. data abalibona ngokuzenzekelayo wangena imijukujelwa abakulo ngokuxwesileyo ngaphakathi STC. Ingena idatha ngokukhawuleza kwaye mayilungiswe phambi kokuqala.

"Umhlaba-Umhlaba"

iklasi "umhlaba-to-phantsi" imijukujelwa - rocket, babefudula ukubetha iithagethi emhlabeni kwaye izakusebenza ilizwe. Eli gama, kunye ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "lubuye-to-moya" njalo njalo. D. sebenzisa kuphela eRashiya, yaye iye ebikade isetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi eSoviet Union. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho isigama Russian, i-R-500 "Iskander" imijukujelwa le "umhlaba-phantsi". Kwamanye amazwe zibizwa nje Committe okanye yokusebenza-kwebhola.

"Iskander-K"

Okuninzi umboniso elichubekileyo "Iskander-M" yasungulwa ngo-2012. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Iskander-K." uluhlu enomjukujelwa layo eliphakathi sizixhobele R-37, ethwele imiphezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyenzeka ukuba ngokukhawuleza ngokuchanileyo bamtola necala eya flat. enomjukujelwa P-500 inokubhabha nomphakamo iimitha ezintandathu. ukuhlanganiswa yakhe GOS kunye warhead replacement. Eli bhotwe unako ukubeka iintolo ezimbini iithagethi ezahlukeneyo kunye kwekhefwana nje lomzuzu omnye.

Indibaniso "Iskander"

Ngokutsho iingcaphephe zomkhosi, ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye "Iskander-M" yaye "Iskander-K", ukufumana nemiphumo ihambelana, nto leyo nako ukulwa na omnye iinkqubo ezilwa ngezikhali. Xa Isantya hypersonic moya esebenza kakhulu eliphezulu-yokuphakama kwi "Iskander 'zohlobo olufanayo kwaye abe neempawu ezifanayo, kodwa luphaphazela kwimitha-ezintandathu phezulu" Iskander "lolunye uhlobo ziza kuthunyelwa kwindawo enye, oko kuya uyibethe okuba aphezulu.

Placement "Iskander"

US ngoko nangoko wathi kuwo onke amajelo onxibelelwano, kamsinya nje iRashiya iye yabeka "Iskander" inkqubo kummandla eKaliningrad, bemkhuthaza ukuba lakhelwe imeko eYurophu. Poland and Latvia nabo baye babonisa inkxalabo yabo ngalo mba, echaza ukuba izenzo ezinjalo, bathi, musa kungakhokelela nomnqweno ukuzamazamana kufutshane kunye nentsebenziswano kunye NATO kunye European Union. Esinomdla abasabela ngayo Azerbaijan emva eArmenia, ezi imijukujelwa zizisiwe. Zonke ubuciko ndlongondlongo, esenzeka ngelo xesha ngesandla sakhe, ngoko nangoko.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-2014, emva kokuba nokudliwa eCrimea eRashiya, umongameli ikuvumile ukubekwa namaziko eCrimea. Cruise imijukujelwa P-500 "Iskander" iingxaki kuhlala akakukhathalele Europe nase-United States. Kwaye impendulo yabo sele wayeqhele elikhulu kunye nokuchaza. Eneneni, ukuvela isixhobo esinamandla kangaka kuLwandle Black iye ezozinto utshintshe ukulingana kwamandla kunye NATO.

UMongameli Russia lifumana izigxeko ukuba isigqibo eso yokugxeka kwaye wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Oku kuthiwa kwenza Russia ithuba ukuze sisondele NATO iziseko.

Phendula ku "Iskander" NATO nto. Ngenxa yoko indlela yobundlobongela yaseNtshona ukuya redeployment of izakhiwo Russian ngaphakathi nommandla wayo. Noko ke, kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ukuba kwathiwa eziku "Iskander" inkqubo enomjukujelwa iya kuphendulwa NATO kwinkqubo yokhuselo zokhuselo umoya kunye enomjukujelwa kufutshane imida Russian. Kwaba njalo. Bamangaliswa kakhulu ebuhlungu NATO yaba ithuba kabini bahlale "Iskander": kummandla eKaliningrad kunye eCrimea.