Inethiwekhi yokungena bandwidth

Ngenxa ukwanda yenkohlakalo uthungelwano lwekhompyutha , ibinzana elithi "bandwidth" Kwazeka oko kubo bonke. Ke ukuba umdla ngaphambilana kuphela yeengcingane, kodwa ngoku yonke into eyahlukileyo. Ukuqonda oko oyena nobangela amazwi "uthungelwano bandwidth" ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe umboneleli-nkonzo ngengcono ekhoyo (apha libhekisela womnatha wobulali kunye Internet), kwakunye ndlela ilungileyo ukuze kumiswe umsebenzi kunye network.

Ngaphambi kokuba sijonge ithiyori, cinga ngendlela ethile, leyo, yeha, ngokufuthi ejongene abasebenzisi Internet abahlala kumazwe lalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Njengoko usazi, xa ukudibanisa ku ababoneleli ngenkonzo yothungelwano kwizicwangciso lwamaxabiso lwabo abonisa isantya kunye isimaphambili "phezulu." Umzekelo, "ukuya ku-10 MB / s", "ukuya ku-50 MB / s," njl

Enyanisweni, amandla ijelo kunye ugcino edityaniswe. Cinga ngemeko ukuba ngaxa lithile ixesha womnatha umboneleli ngenkonzo inxibelelanisa i umrhumo. Njengomgaqo, inikeza isantya womserbia ngokupheleleyo. Xa ukufezekisa iinjongo zoqoqosho, umboneleli inkampani buyaqhubeka ababhalisayo abatsha. Ngenxa yoko, kuba imeko yendalo, xa ngaxeshanye esungula uqhagamshelwano ezininzi abasebenzisi online. Enye uluhlu lwamaxabiso "50 MB", omnye, eyesithathu ...

Isiphumo ubhalo - ukuhla kwesantya zonke kuchazwe ngezantsi (khumbula isimaphambili "phezulu"). Qala iminxeba kwababhalisele yimiphumela, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo unxibelelwano njalo njalo. Ukuphendula, inkxaso okhankanywe ukuba bandwidth ulinganiselwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku eqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi. Malunga nokuba yintoni na kwaye kutheni isantya iwela?

Ngowe-1920, i-umphandi American Ralf Hartli elektroniki physics Garri Nikvist, ukujongana nemiba of transfer lolwazi kwi Telegraph, eyila iimpawu eziphambili zenkqubo udlulisela le data. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo - ulwalamano phakathi rhoqo yokosulela kunye nexesha. Ngenxa yoko, Hartley yaqulunqa umthetho ngokwendlela apho imali iyonke ezosulela kisekiyo data eziya kwi-frequency ukudluliselwa esetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusebenza ixesha. Ngowe-1927 godu Nyqvist ecacisa ukuba ixabiso imali wadlulisela libe lelona kabini amaza esetyenziswayo (intsingiselo ukudluliselwa ngaphandle ukulahleka kwengcaciso nganye ixesha unit). Kuphela zishwankathelwe imiphumo yomsebenzi wabo, baqulunqe nethiyori 1940, Shannon data kunye ingqiqo ka "uqhagamshelwano bandwidth."

Uluhlu Ukuxhaphaka esetyenziselwa ukudluliselwa kolwazi channel kuthiwa "bandwidth". Ukususela theorem Shannon ebonisa ukuba ekuphumezeni santya siphezulu kunokwenzeka ngokwandisa ngamandla umqondiso, bandwidth, ukunciphisa ingxolo zibubuxoki. isantya Ukwanda yi uphawu kwezwi kunzima, ekubeni xa ukwandisa ukubetha kunciphisa inani elipheleleyo nganye ixesha yunithi, kwaye ngexesha ukugangatheka ngokunciphisa ixesha yokuchithwa omnye kwandisa isixa ilahleko nombhexeshi. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi ukubetha ibalwa yi kwifomula kuqwalaselwa amaza ekhethiweyo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amandla siteshi ibandakanya kungekuphela nje uphawu efunekayo kodwa ingxolo. Oku kunokuba uphazamiseko magnetic, iimpawu ngumqhubi, inkqubo reflection GAUSS njalo njalo. Le Umamkeli ifumana ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ne amacebo okucoca ngaphandle icandelo oyifunayo.

Ukubuyela kule umzekelo: xa kukho inani elikhulu lwababhalisi ifikelele isiphelo lilonke data thelekela amaza ukudluliselwa esetyenziswa yi ngumboneleli (umgca enombala, radiyo, ucingo lobhedu) ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki, ukwandisa amandla uphawu Ukutshintsha amaza ukudluliselwa kunye nokusingqongileyo (imali eninzi njengoko ufuna yotshintsho izixhobo), okanye athintele ukuhamba data evela yababhalisi ngamnye owenziwayo.