I-SIP-telephony - yintoni na? I-telephony ye-intanethi (IP-telephony): ukuphononongwa

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-SIP telephony iye yaziwa kakhulu. Yiyiphi imilinganiselo yokunxibelelana? Ungayilungiselela njani i-software ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ze-hardware ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo? Kwiimeko apho le nxu lumano inenzuzo xa kuthelekiswa nomdabu owenziwa ngefowuni rhoqo? Ngoku siza kufunda le miba neminye imiba.

I sigama

I-SIP-telephony - yintoni na? Ziziphi iimpawu ezahlukileyo zale te knoloji? IP-telephony - ngaba kunjalo? Yonke into incike kwiindlela zokuhlelwa kwemigangatho yokunxibelelana, esiyithatha njengesiseko. Kukhona ezine zazo namhlanje.

Ngokweyokuqala, i-SIP kunye ne-IP-telephony - iinqununu zeengcamango zomhlaba jikelele. Luhlobo luni? Ezinye iingcali zibiza ngokuba "i-intanethi ye-telephony", abanye - "I-teknoloji ye-VoIP", ukusuka kwizwi phezu kwe-IP - izwi nge-IP, i-Intanethi protocol. I-IP-telephony, isekelwe kule ngcamango, into ehlukile - ukufuphi kobuchwepheshe bezonxibelelwano. Kananjalo, ukuxhumeka kwe-SIP kusekelwe kwiiprosoft protocol.

Indlela yesibini ibonisa ukuba ukuxhamla kwe-SIP yinto ekhethekileyo yeengcamango ezinamandla, okuyi-IP-telephony. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba sithetha ngeziprotocol zoxhumo oluvaliweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa ngokusekelwe kubume bezaziso kunye nezixhobo ze-hardware ezinikezelwa kumsebenzisi wokugqibela. Umzekelo, i-Skype, i-Google Voice, njl njlnoko ke, ubuchwephesha obuvulekile yi-SIP-telephony.

Ingcaciso yesithathu ithi ezo zintlobo zentlobo kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kwemvelo kwimakethi yoqhagamshelwano yinto enye kunye neqela elifanayo lobuchwephesha, okuyizo ezisekelwe kwizixazululo ezinkulu zehardware. Kwaye ngoko kwiimeko ezininzi zingasetyenziselwa njengezifana. Ngaloo ndlela, bayaphikisana ngokukodwa kwiindlela zokunxibelelana kwesoftware - iinkonzo ezifanayo ze-Skype ne-Google.

Ingcaciso yesine, kwisakhelo sokuthi umahluko phakathi kweengcamango ze-SIP kunye ne-IP-telephony ikwahlukana, kusekelwe kummahluko ukwenzela ukwakha izibonelelo zophuhliso ezihambelanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-SIP-imigangatho ikuvumela ukuba uququzelele amanethiwekhi amanxeba ngokubanzi ngemisebenzi enxulumene nokubuyiswa, ukusetyenziswa komshini wokuphendula, njl njl. IP-telephony ikuvumela ukuba wakhe isiseko ngeendawo ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, kungekhona nje iifowuni kunye nokutshintshana ngefowuni ngokuzenzekelayo kunokuxhumeka kwinethiwekhi, kodwa kunye neenkqubo ezifana ne "smart home" okanye ezo zixhobo ezidlalwa ngokuthi "izinto ze-Intanethi".

Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa

Yintoni ebonakalayo engafanelekanga, ebonakaliswa yi-SIP-uhlobo lwe-intanethi ye-intanethi? Mhlawumbi, oku kuvulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwekhululekile, ukuguquguquka kwindlela yokucwangciswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Kule nkalo, sinika iimpendulo kumbuzo othi: "I-SIP-telephony - yintoni le?":

Uqhagamshelwano lweVoIP kunye neprotocol evulekile;

- IP-telephony, esekelwe kwi-teknoloji yamahhala;

- isisombululo esiphezulu sekhompyutha (esifana nefowuni);

- Inkqubo apho uhlobo lwefowuni oluqhelekileyo lusebenza.

Kodwa ngelo xesha, sinokuqwalasela ukuba ngasinye solu gu qulelo sinokuyinyani (kunye nokuba neencensure ezivela kwiingcali ze-IT ezihambisana nezinye izigaba, esingazibonanga, kodwa zi). Kodwa umqathango wokuqala ungathathwa njengemigangatho yokuqala - apho umbuzo wokuvuleka kobuchwepheshe bezonxibelelwano.

Kutheni ndifuna i-telephony ye-SIP?

Xa sisebenzisana neziganeko zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-SIP-telephony (yintoni na, ziphi iimpawu zayo ezahlukileyo), sinokuzama ukuphendula umbuzo othi kutheni, kubalulekile. Kunokuba kungcono kunxibelelwano lwefoni yomgangatho (ukuba uthethe nge-hardware ukuphunyezwa kwele teknoloji) okanye i-Skype, i-Google Voice (malunga nezixazululo zesofthiwe)? Iingcali zichonga iinkalo ezilandelayo zokunxibelelana ngeenkqubo ze-SIP:

1. Iirhafu zokuxhumeka ngokuqhelekileyo ziphantsi kakhulu kunokuba zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zorhwebo.

2. Ulungiso olungakumbi lwezimo (kwiimeko ezininzi) zeenkqubo ze-SIP, xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni iinkampani. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zanamhlanje kunye nesofthiwe, unokujika inkqubo ye-SIP ibe ngumfanekiso wePBX epheleleyo. Ngelo xesha, iindleko zokuphumeza izicombululo ezifanelekileyo ziya kuba ziphantsi kakhulu.

3. Ukukwazi ukufumana iifowuni ezingenayo kwinombolo ephantsi komhlaba. I-Skype efanayo ijolise ngokubanzi kwi-intanethi yoqhagamshelwano lwabasebenzisi, elowo inenkqubo elayishiwe, kwaye isebenza kwimodi "ye-intanethi". Abanalo inombolo yomnxeba kwifom yehlabathi (ngaphandle kokuba beyala "inqobo" enye). Shayela ifowuni esebenzayo kwinkqubo ye-SIP, unakho kwisixhobo esivamile, kunye neselula. Kukho iindlela ezimbini. Ngowokuqala, inamba yokufikelela ehlinzekwe ngumnikezeli we-SIP kunye neSazisi esisodwa esikhokhelwayo. Kwimeko yesibini, inombolo "ebonakalayo" iqhotyoshelweyo kwi-akhawunti yomsebenzisi, ekhangeleka njengefowuni eqhelekileyo kwifomathi yehlabathi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inombolo "eyiyo", okanye inikezelwa ngumboneleli, ayinayo i-geo-referencing yangempela. Bangabandakanya ikhowudi ethile kwilizwe elithile okanye kwisixeko, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba umthengi kufuneka abe kwiindawo ezihambelanayo.

Izinzuzo ze-SIP-telephony

Ngaloo ndlela, iinjongo eziphambili ze-SIP-telephony ekhaya okanye kwiofisi, xa kuthelekiswa noxwebhu oluqhelekileyo ("analog"), ngaba:

- ixabiso elincinci (kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi - izixhobo);

- ukungabikho "kokubopha" kwindawo ethile (unokubanxibelelana nomaphi apho kukho intanethi).

Ngaloo ndlela, iingenelo zobuchwepheshe be-SIP xa kuthelekiswa nezixazululo zesofthiwe, ezifana ne-Skype, zilandelayo:

- ezincinci kwiimeko ezininzi zibiza iifowuni eziqhelekileyo;

- ukukwazi ukufumana iifowuni ezingenayo ukusuka kumadivayisi aqingqiweyo.

Imigaqo ye-SIP-telephony operation

I-SIP ifoni isebenza njani? Ukuqwalasela uxhumano lwe-SIP - kunzima? Imigaqo yobabini ilula kakhulu.

Olu hlobo lwanxibelelwano lusebenza ngale ndlela. Ubhalise i-akhawunti yakhe kunye nomboneleli we-SIP-telephony okanye umboneleli. Ufumana inamba yakhe siqu kwinkqubo ye-SIP, njengoko sithethe ngasentla. Njengomthetho, idijithi ezintlanu (kodwa kunokuba zininzi iinombolo). Xa umthengi edibanisa kwiakhawunti yakhe usebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo okanye ifowuni echanekileyo kwi-SIP yekhnoloji, unako ukwenza okanye ukufumana iifowuni.

Ngokuphathelele iifowuni eziphumayo, yonke into ilula: kufuneka usebenze njengokungathi ezandleni zomsebenzisi kwakukho ifowuni rhoqo (ukudayela inombolo efunwayo kwifomathi yehlabathi). Ukufumana iifowuni akunzima kunzima. Kukho iiplani ezimbini-ngokusetyenziswa kwenombolo yefowuni engenanto kwaye ngaphandle kwayo. Uwuphi umehluko? Kwimeko yokuqala, sithenga inamba kumnikezeli omnye okanye omnye umthengisi onobuchwephesha ekuthengiseni kwabo (okanye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuqeshisa rhoqo ngenyanga), kwaye ke uyayithumela kwinombolo ye-SIP. Isakhiwo sesibini sibonakala ngathi: kuqala kuza inombolo yokufikelela echazwe kwifomathi yomhlaba wonke, eyomnini-nkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, oku: +7 495 7776675 (eyaziwayo ngoku iZadarma). Emva koko-"eyongeziweyo" kwaye ngexesha elifanayo nenani lomntu wabhalisi. Kwimeko yeZadarma, ngokuqhelekileyo unamadijithi amahlanu. Phakathi kweyona nombolo yesibini kunye neyesibini, izicwangciso ze-redirection zihlala zibeka iimpawu zepause-p.

Unokubiza ngale ndlela ngokusebenzisa inombolo ebonakalayo - ngoko ke umnxeba uya kutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-akhawunti yakho. Ngaphandle koko, sinokusebenzisa inombolo yokufikelela yomniki-nkonzo, kunye nenani elongezelelweyo, elidibeneyo neakhawunti yombhalisi. Kunikezelwa ukuba, ukuba umntu u-intanethi ngeprogram okanye ifowuni exhasa iifowuni ze-SIP.

I-SIP Telephony Features

Unokusebenzisa njani i-SIP yokukhetha i-telephony? Kukho inketho ezininzi apha. Khawucinge ngomzekelo apho inombolo ye-SIP ingasetyenziselwa uhambo lwezorhwebo njengenye indlela ebaluleke kakhulu kwiifowuni ezibizayo usebenzisa ifowuni eqhelekileyo.

Abaqhubi be-SIP baseRussia, basebenzisane kunye nabangaphandle. Ngako oko, abaxhasi babo bangasebenzisa zonke iingenelo zeteknoloji yonxibelelwano olufanelekileyo ngelixa liphela. Oku kunokwenzeka, ngokukodwa, ngenxa yokusungulwa kumsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe njengento ye-SIP yekhowudi.

I-server ye-SIP ikhowudi

Yintoni na? Inyaniso kukuba ivumela umthengisi waseRashiya osensimini yelinye ilizwe ukuba abize ekhayeni lakhe usebenzisa inombolo yomniki-ndawo, kunokuba usebenza kwiRussian Federation.

Umzekelo olula. Sithi, e-Italy. Masithi, kufuneka sibize iRashiya kwinombolo ye-SIP yomhlobo (mhlawumbi ukuba kusekwe ngesandla kuphela, umzekelo, ihotele, ifowuni). Singenza ucingo ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukudayela inombolo yomhlobo usebenzisa ikhowudi yokufikelela yaseRashiya yomboneleli. Ukuba ngaba yiZadarma, ke amanani a: + 7 495 7776675. Emva koko faka inombolo ye-ababhalisi benanihlanu. Kodwa oku, okunokwenzeka, kuya kusinceda kakhulu. Izingcingo ezisuka eNtshona Yurophu ukuya eRashiya azincinci.

2. Biza umhlobo usebenzisa enye efanayo esikhundleni senombolo yokufikelela yaseRussia - kodwa kumboneleli wendawo. Kwaye kunye ne-SIP-server ikhodi yeZadarma. Inombolo yokufikelela yomboneleli wendawo inokufunyanwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zesalathiso esifanelekileyo-apho ungachaza ilizwe kunye nesixeko apho sifumane khona. Masithi siseTurin. Kwaye ke ukhetho olufanelekileyo luya kuba: + 39-011-19887800. Ikhowudi ye-SIP-server yeZadarma esiyifunayo kwindawo enye, kwi-directory. Idijithi ezine kwaye kulula ukuyikhumbula - 9791.

Ungabiza njani? Okokuqala, shayela inombolo eTurin. Emva koko silinde ikhefu elifutshane kwaye ufake ikhowudi ye-SAD-server Zadarma. Kwaye emva - inombolo ye-akhawunti yeefayili yomhlobo wethu.

Ikholi yamazwe ngamazwe mahhala

Ingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu, inomdla umntu ophendukela kwitheknoloji efana ne-SIP-telephony, yintlawulo yefowuni. Baya kuba njani? Kunokwenzeka ukuba, ephantsi. Ekubeni sibiza ehotele eTurin ukuya kwinombolo edolophu efanayo, ukuxhamla kuya kukhululeka. Ukubuyiselwa kombolo ukusuka kwinombolo ye-Italy yokufikelela kwi-server yaseSussia ye-SIP ikhowudi, ngokuhambelana nezivumelwano ze-intercorporate, ayihlawulwanga. Inombolo engenayo kwinombolo yomhlobo mhlawumbi ikhululekile (ukuba ayifaki ukuhlaziya). Ngenxa yoko, asiyi kuhlawula umnxeba kuwo onke, okanye ukuhlawula i-billing encinci yocingo lendawo kwindawo yokuTurin, apho ihotele inokusibekela khona. Sijongana nesimo esiyingqayizivele: sinesizwe samazwe ngamazwe, kwaye sinokuthi sikhululekile, sikhululekile, i-SIP-telephony.

Manani e-INUM

Ngasentla sathi ukubiza umnxusa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ifowuni yokufumana umnini-nkonzo, okubonakala ngathi ayilungelekanga, kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inombolo "eyiyo". Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kutshanje, abasebenzisi baseRussia nabo bafumane inketho yesithathu ekwenzeni iifowuni. Ithetha ukusetyenziswa kweenombolo "zehlabathi" ze-iNUM. Iyiphi inkcazo yayo?

Inombolo ye-iNUM isetyenziswe yintlangano ye-ITU yomhlaba wonke. Ngokomgaqo, unokuqwalaselwa njengomhlobo wenani elipheleleyo. Ihlala iqala ngekhowudi +883 (510), kwaye lo mgaqo ufana nabo bonke ababhalisile baxhomekeke kulo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba babemi kunye nelizwe elikuyo. Inombolo ye-INUM inokukhangela abasebenzisi be-SIP-telephony bendawo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlawulelo lweefowuni eziphumayo kwi-iNUM ezivela kwiifowuni ezinqamlekileyo aziyithandeki. Kwiimeko ezininzi kuncinci ukuba umntu unenombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke. Kwaye ke kucebise ukuba usebenzise inketho ngeNUM kuphela xa umthengisi wokubiza usebenzisa inkqubo ye-SIP-telephony okanye i-SIP-device. Efanelekileyo - ukuba zombini ixhunyiwe kumboneleli omnye. Kodwa nangona kungenjalo, akubalulekanga. Iirhafu malunga neenxeba ezivela kubanikezeli abangezona ziphakamileyo njengalezo zabasebenzi abaxhomekeke kumgca, njenge-MTS okanye i-Rostelecom. I-SIP-telephony, njengoko satsho ekuqaleni, ibonakala ngokukodwa ngeendleko zokunxibelelana ezantsi, xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko. Kwezinye iimeko, iirhafu zokufowunelwa kwiinombolo ze-iNUM ziphantsi kakhulu kwiinkonzo zeVoIP-enye i-Skype, i-Google kunye neendlela ezifanayo.

I-SIP-telephony kunye nezixhobo zehardware

Siza kufunda le ngongoma, njengokusetyenziswa kwezakhono zoqhagamshelwano lwe-SIP ngoncedo lweendlela ze-hardware. Ziziphi izisombululo ezingasetyenziswa apha? Iingcali zibiza amaqela amathathu alandelayo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ze-SIP zezixhobo zeselula. Kule meko, ukuphunyezwa kweekhnoloji ze-teknoloji kuyakuba yi-smartphone okanye ithebhulethi. Konke okufunekayo ekusebenzeni kweeseshoni zonxibelelwano kukufikelela okuzinzile kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lezantya kufuneka lingabi phezulu. Njengomthetho, ukuxhamla kwegama elifanelekileyo, isiteshi se-100-200 Kbps sanele. Uzinzo olufanelekileyo luya kunikwa ngoxhumo lwe-Wi-Fi (ngaphandle kokuba "luhanjiswe" ngumbane odibaniswe kwi-DSL okanye i-fiber optic link), kunye nemigangatho ye-3G kunye ne-4G.

2. Ukusebenzisa iifayile ze-SIP. Ngaphandle, zibukeka zifana neefowuni eziqhelekileyo. Ufikelelo lwe-SIP luqwalaselwe (nangona kungabikho kwemisebenzi yolwazi kwiimeko ezininzi) ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo - ngokwemiyalelo eqhotyoshelweyo, kwakunye nemiyalelo evela kwiwebhusayithi yomboneleli. Xa ukhetha ifowuni efanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuthenga enye ehambelana ne-teknoloji yokufikelela kwi-intanethi. Iifowuni ezininzi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-Wi-Fi.

3. Ukusebenzisa i-adapters ye-SIP. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela "umsebenzi ophakathi" phakathi kweendawo eziqhelekileyo, i-analog, iifowuni kunye nejelo le-intanethi (esoloko ixhomekeka kwi-Wi-Fi efanayo). Ezinye zeemodeli zazo zixhasa uxhulumaniso lwamaxesha athile.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, unokusebenzisa amaninzi amanqaku e-SIP-telephony kunye ncediso lwekhompyutha edibeneyo kwi-Intanethi. Iinkqubo ezihambelana nazo zikuvumela ukuba wenze kwaye ufumane iifowuni ngelixa uxoxisana nabanye ababhalisile be-SIP okanye abantu usebenzisa iifowuni rhoqo.

Isimo esiphezulu sokusebenza kwazo zonke iifom ezintathu zokunxibelelana ukufumaneka koxhumo oluzinzile kwi-intanethi. Eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo yinto yezobuchwephesha bamanxeba banamhlanje. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona ifowuni yeselula kwindawo yokufihla umqhubi weselula kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lomqondiso kunye nenkxaso yemigangatho ephakamileyo yokufikelela kwiNethiwekhi.

Sifanele siqaphele i-universality te teknoloji njenge-SIP-telephony. Ukuthi akukhona nje kuphela umgangatho wokunxibelelana, kodwa kunye neendlela ezizeleyo zokulungiselela ukunxibelelana ngaphakathi kweofisi enkulu (nakungenjalo), ekhayeni, ithuluzi elondolozayo kakhulu xa uhamba kwelinye ilizwe, ukuthetha nabahlobo kunye namaqabane amashishini kwamanye amazwe - uya kuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza!

Abanikezeli baninzi abanamhlanje banikezela ngeendlela zokufumana nokuthumela iifowuni, kodwa kunye nenjongo yokurekhoda imilayezo yezwi, ukuhambisa iifowuni ezingenayo kwiilesi, usebenzisa iimishini zokuphendula, ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yokubuyisela kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuncedo. Kule meko, umgangatho woqhagamshelwano kwiimeko ezininzi azikho ngaphantsi kwezinto eziphunyeziweyo kumanxeba amaninzi kunoko.