EziFihliweyo - ukuba ...? Iimpawu kunye Ukubunjwa eziFihliweyo

EziFihliweyo - yenye kunokudala koMhlaba. It has negalelo elikhulu yomhlaba kwaye kungcono ziphononongwa ngabantu. Sisiphi na eziFihliweyo? Ziziphi iimpawu ntoni na?

Esicwangciswe emoyeni

Imvulophu sukube planethi ebizwa ngokuba yi-atmosfera. Wayebonakala ziqina Umhlaba. Ngelo emazantsi ke wadibana komhlaba Uqweqwe kunye kwehayidrosfere, inxalenye eliphezulu - liqhagamshelene isithuba ongaphandle.

Umphunga ihamba kunye umhlaba neyaziwa kufuphi kuyo ngenxa imikhosi womxhuzulane. iimpawu zaso, ezifana ukuxinana, ukwakheka, ubushushu, ukufuma, iyahluka kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka bag igesi indalo zohlulwa zayimimandla ezininzi - zikhabane. Zeziphi esicwangciswe emoyeni na?

I-ntathu eziFihliweyo le iphantsi. ukhandwa khona imozulu, kukho amafu. Emva koko kulandela stratosphere. Iqulethe lukhulu Kwezinto Eziphelisa, esibambe yinxalenye imitha yelanga, okwenza ukuba akanangozi kuthi. Umaleko obubanda kakhulu mesosphere. Iqondo lobushushu olunikezelweyo ngezantsi degrees -90.

Malunga nama-90 kunye kubude iikhilomitha ukuya ku 500 thermosphere. Kungenxa kule nwebu kubangela aurora. Ngenxa isixa esikhulu athom insimbi kwaye mesosphere thermosphere kunye ngokuba "ionosphere". Umaleko lokugqibela - exosphere. Waba ezabanjwa kakhulu kwaye akukho imida engaphandle ecacileyo, ukuhlanganisa kakuhle kunye kwisithuba omncane.

eziFihliweyo

I-ntathu eziFihliweyo - ngomaleko lomoya, oqala ukusuka phezu komhlaba. Uye negalelo elikhulu kulo mhlaba. Ukuphakama eziFihliweyo ixhomekeke inkululeko. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, siphela nomphakamo ngeekhilomitha ezili-10, kwimimandla ethandwa of umda wayo eliphezulu ukuya kwi-18 km.

Inxalenye esezantsi eziFihliweyo kuthiwa umda umaleko langa. ubukhulu yalo ukusuka kwelinye ukuya neyesibini. Kukho intsebenziswano isebenza kunye ezineengxowa zomoya kwehayidrosfere kunye tiyeke yomhlaba.

Ngu eziFihliweyo stratosphere akumenzi abut ngqo. Phakathi kwazo kukho umaleko eliphakathi - tropopause kabani ubukhulu nemiqulu neemitha ezilikhulu ambalwa ayi ezimbini. kulo lobushushu ezingaguquguqukiyo ubude, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya eziFihliweyo. Ukuphakama umaleko ungahluka: oko kunciphisa kunye iinkanyamba kunye anticyclones - ukunyuka.

isakhiwo

EziFihliweyo - lelona elibalulekileyo emoyeni. Okubangela ngaphezulu kwama-75 ubunzima% ye gasbag. I-ntathu eziFihliweyo iqulethe phantse yonke umoya umphunga wamanzi (98%). Oomaleko ezisele phantse izi- eli candelo.

Emazantsi, inqanaba komhlaba umaleko yi 99% ulwelo akhoyo emvulophini igesi. Bona amasuntswana emihle wamvusa ukusuka khona umoya emhlabeni: uthuli, iimolekyuli umsi, Imbewu zezityalo, ityuwa ulwandle.

Air eziFihliweyo kakhulu okroqiweyo mpilo nitrogen. Bathe ke kwegazi kwezinto kwindalo kwaye iinkalo eziphambili eziyimfuneko ukuze siphile on Earth. oksijini Iyonke apha emoyeni kwi-21% ubunzima, kunye negesi nitrogen - 78%.

Kulo eziFihliweyo, enesiqulatho eliphezulu argon kunye carbon dioxide, xa kuthelekiswa namanye zikhabane. Ukongeza, kuba iqulathe kunye kubahlali eziseleyo ojikeleze umhlaba (neon, ammonia, xenon, radon, helium, hydrogen, ozone kunye ezifana. D.), kodwa izixa ezincinane.

iipropati ngokomzimba

I-physical iparameters ephambili umaleko zezona lexinene, isiqulatho sokufuma, lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Le mihlaba inkalo ebalulekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe imozulu kunye nemozulu on Earth. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinezinga ezahlukeneyo Izalathi zazo azifani.

Kumphezulu womhlaba, ngakumbi iilwandle oluhlala ubushushu elangeni kwaye ulunika emoyeni. Ngoko ke, ubushushu ezantsi kwi eziFihliweyo ngakumbi. Ukufuma nazo ngcono kwimimandla asezantsi umaleko sehlise ngezidumbu. Ichaphazela kwakhona ubushushu - nganye ikhulu seemitha ubude ephakamisa kuncitshiswa degrees 0.65, de ufike tropopause.

Ukuxinana kunye noxinzelelo futhi kunciphisa ngezidumbu. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo kwi umaleko phezulu ngokuphindwe 6-7 ngaphantsi kwe kwinqanaba elwandle. Ukuxinana kunciphisa kancinci kancinci, kodwa itshintsha buqapheleke kakhulu.

Umoya uba inqabe kwaye iqulathe ioksijini ngaphantsi ne-nitrogen nganye kwiyunithi umthamo. Ngenxa yoku, ezintabeni badla ukuphefumla ukuhlala nzima yaye elide undizela phezulu kubonakala anoxia.

ukubunjwa sezulu

I-ntathu eziFihliweyo - ngomaleko ojikeleze umhlaba, nto leyo kakhulu ngenkuthalo esinxibelelana phezu komhlaba. iipropati ebonakalayo bachatshazelwa yi imozulu emhlabeni.

Umahluko uxinzelelo, lexinene lobushushu zezulu okwadala ukuba kuyilwe umbutho. Le khona umoya esibandayo futhi luthe bayathanda kwimimandla kunye nobuninzi ephantsi, neqondo lobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, kwasekwa fronts, iinkanyamba kunye anticyclones, leyo iza kucacisa imozulu.

Wind kwi eziFihliweyo kwandisa kunye kokuwa. Kwi emdeni kunye tropopause, oku kathathu ngaphezulu ngaphezu komhlaba komhlaba. Inika lokuhamba yeegesi, ihamba kokubini meridional nolwalathiso latitudinal.

Wind naye othatha inxaxheba zothutho ukufuma ulwelo. Xa eziFihliweyo bakuzo greenhouse gases (methane, i-ozone, icarbon dioxide), angavumeli ukuba ukuvuka ngasentla. Bona yande emoyeni, igalelo ukuyilwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamafu. Kwaye amafu yazo ikhokelela kwezulu.