Histoplasmosis - ntoni na? Histoplasmosis: Iimpawu, diagnosis, Treatment

Ezasulelayo, yezifo amagciwane ethile - asinto ingaqhelekanga ehlabathini namhlanje. iingxaki ezifanayo abajongene nazo abantu kungakhathaliseki ubudala, isini kunye nezinye izinto. Beliqela nesifo eyingozi ekuthiwa histoplasmosis.

Yintoni na? Yintoni iimpawu zikhatshwa? Zeziphi iingxaki kungabangela? Yintoni unyango inikela iyeza namhlanje? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo ziya kuba nomdla kubafundi abaninzi. Emva koko, akukho mfihlakalo ukuba phantse zonke izifo kulula kakhulu ukuba nonakekelo usaqala.

Histoplasmosis: ntoni na?

Kumazwe amaninzi, izigulane ezijongene unesifo onjalo. Ngoko ke yintoni na histoplasmosis? Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuba eli sisifo ezinzwaneni apho pathogen luchaphazela ziiphagocytes mononuclear, alunywe amajoni omzimba. Esi sifo amayeza kwakhona waziwa elithi "tsitoplazmoz reticuloendothelial" yaye "isifo Darling kaThixo."

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba sifo ulwabiwo ecacileyo kakhulu eengingqi. KuMbindi nakuMzantsi Melika kwakunye kwimimandla kumzantsi-ntshona eUnited States wabhala usulelo rhoqo. esi sifo ikwafunyanwa South-East Asia and Afrika. Kodwa e Canada, eRashiya kunye amazwe aseYurophu, esi sifo uthathwa ukuba babe yinto enqabileyo - iimeko ezinjalo abhalwe kakhulu phakathi kubakhenkethi, abachitha ixesha elide kumazwe emngciphekweni. Nangona ukwanda omncinane loo sifo eRashiya, wonke umfundi uya kuba luncedo ukwazi ukuba yintoni kanye le histoplasmosis. Iimpawu, iindlela transmission, imilo kunye iimpawu zesifo - oku iingongoma ezibalulekileyo eziza kukunceda ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukho undonakele kunye nexesha ukubona ugqirha.

Ngokutsho manani, amadoda ezinjengesifo kwenzeka kabini rhoqo. Ngaphezu koko, abantwana angenwe kunye nabantu kunye neenkqubo elibuthathaka omzimba (yabantwana iimeko kabini ngakumbi kwesi sifo).

Inkcazelo pathogen kunye nendlela transmission i

Ukuze siqonde oko histoplasmosis, kuqala kufuneka ufunde ngakumbi exciter yayo. Bona i dimorphic ngundo Histoplasma capsulatum. uhlobo wayo ngelaphu na, eliphakathi kwe-kweseli encinane okanye elirhangqiweyo. Imilinganiselo musa ukudlula 2-4 microns. Eyona uphawu le fomu indawo yayo intracellular - ngokuqhelekileyo umngundo ukungena zibe macrophage, iiseli udakada, isibindi, iindawo nkovu, njl Histoplasmosis - .. Ingaba sisifo ngokuyintloko kuchaphazela amajoni omzimba kubume.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi Cya akukho ukumelana kakhulu okusingqongileyo yangaphandle, kodwa ubukho ukufuma kunye lobushushu elifanelekileyo uyakwazi ukugcina ikhono ebomini. Ukufudumeza ku degrees 55-60 imizuzu engama-45, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni yeenkcubeko cell. Kodwa ukuba iziphumo chloramine, phenol, fungi formalin abazinzileyo ngakumbi - ziya kufa emva kwemizuzu 15-30 ukususela ekuqaleni sesichengeni.

ichibi Natural yezi fungi na wona iyasuleleka kunye endleni kunye endleni izilwanyana ezigulayo (esenokuba blue, izinja, iikati, iinkuku). Umzekelo, ashiya izakhiwo, nemiqolomba, amaqula kunye izimiso air ukudala iimeko ofezekileyo ubomi ezincinane. Njengomgaqo, usulelo lwenzeka-moya, bephefumla ifungi uthuli yabantu. Amaqela ngozi abakhi, mgodini, amafama, abakhenkethi, zokuma, speleologists, njalo njalo. D. transmission ngqo kukudibana nomntu onesifo okanye isilwanyana uyabonakala.

Xa kwisiqwenga yokuphefumla, iintsholongwane ezinzwaneni ukufumana iifom zeethishu, ebangela umonakalo umphunga waphawula, kwakunye ezalathelwe nkovu engingqi. Further andise arhente yayintsholongwane eyosulela kunye ukuhamba kwegazi ikhokelele sensibilization yento ephilayo, uphuhliso nezakhi ezithile ze emva koko - ukuba litshitshiswe amanye amalungu (anayenza kuzo zonke izigulane).

Ifom osisiseko sifo

Ngoko nangoko ke paha ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ngazo histoplasmosis. Yintoni na yaye ziziphi iimpawu kunye umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zezifo?

Umzekelo, kuxhomekeke flow wachacha ifomu etsolo kwaye ezingapheliyo esi sifo. Xa iimpawu histoplasmosis etsolo kuvela wavele, isifo okhula ngokukhawuleza. Isifo esingapheliyo, phezu koko, lixesha, kodwa kaninzi ekhokelela utshintsho vuhlayiseki emzimbeni.

Amaninzi, usulelo ichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, ibangela histoplasmosis iphuhlisa nemiphunga. Noko ke, amathuba kunye extrapulmonary. Ngokukodwa, oko anobungozi dessiminirovanny histoplasmosis - luhlobo esi sifo, leyo ichaphazela izihlunu, ulusu, nezibilini uxakaxa kwaye kungakhokelela kubunzima ezithile kuquka samathambo, kobuchopho, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo sentliziyo, njl ...

Acute histoplasmosis pulmonary: Iimpawu

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, Iintsholongwane ezinzwaneni ukugqobhoza kungena womuntu, kunye eluthulini respirable. Kungenxa yoko le nto eqhelekileyo kakhulu histoplasmosis miphungeni. Iimpawu kuyo becala kuxhomekeke kwimeko amajoni omzimba yesigulana.

Ithuba elisuke nemiqulu iintsuku ezi-4 ukuya kwi-30, nangona uninzi ukusebenza losulelo zenzeka emva kweentsuku 7-14 emva inhalation of zomngundo izifo. Kuba abantu abaninzi, isifo unomoya, ebangela akukho yanyhashwa. Kaninzi izigulane abakho ngesifo sakhe. Histoplasmosis kufuneka ikhatshwe ukukhohlela kancinane, iimpumlo ezivuzayo kunye nokonyuka elifutshane elide lobushushu. Iimpawu zinyamalale emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, ngoko ngokufuthi ke badidekile kunye nomkhuhlane.

Noko ke, ezinye izigulane unesifo histoplasmosis kakhulu. Yintoni na? Olu hlobo lwesifo lukhatshwa ngesithintelo ucaca ngakumbi. Okokuqala kukho ifiva (ubushushu bomzimba kudla lisingisa degrees 41), kunye nezinye iimpawu eziyityhefu, kuquka isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo. Isigulane ikhalazela of ukubila enzima ukuba utshintsha yifiva esomeleleyo. Kukho ubuthathaka, yintloko ebuhlungu, ukhohlokhohlo kufuyo isikhohlela, ehlaselayo soloko ilandelwa yi iintlungu esifubeni. Iimpawu zesi sifo sibangelwa, kunye arthralgia.

Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa a (ngamanye amaxesha iiveki) fever passes, kodwa ubushushu bomzimba subfertility igcinwe. Izigulane kolu xesha ukukhalaza buthathaka kakhulu kwaye ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla, ngesiquphe umzimba.

Ifom ezingapheliyo isifo

Lunganyangwa okanye engafanelekanga wenziwe nonyango kwizigulane ngamanye amaxesha ukuphuhlisa histoplasmosis ezigulo ezondeleyo. Iimpawu zesi sifo rhoqo umehluko. Maxa wambi, izigulane kufuneka nomkhuhlane wobulali, Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza ahambe ngokwayo. Ukongeza, izibaluli kwaye ziquka isifo ezingisayo ukhohlokhohlo elithanda kunye isikhohlela, kwakunye ibangela iingxaki uphefumlayo.

Kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinkulu kakhulu ebe sisiphumo histoplasmosis esinganyangekiyo. X-reyi photo apha ngasentla kubonisa ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, utshintsho lung kwithishyu. Ukuqala ukungena kumaziko ukudumba kwakheka ungahambisa okanye zinyamalale abanesigulo. Kwakhona, le ndlela esi sifo igcwele lokusekwa calcifications kwi ijwabu semiphunga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba histoplasmosis esingapheliyo amaninzi zidityaniswa nezinye, izifo akukho yingozi ngaphantsi, kuquka isifo sephepha, wegazi, sarcoidosis, reticulosis.

Ngelishwa, le fomu esi sifo kuba nzima ukunyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane zifuna ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiikhosi unyango, nto leyo inceda ukuphepha utshintsho inwebu kwemiphunga kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Desseminirovanny histoplasmosis

Olu hlobo lwesifo lukhatshwa izilonda yesibini iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo omzimba. wenza njani desseminirovanny histoplasmosis? Iimpawu kwi nisaqala bafana nomkhuhlane. Okokuqala, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni liphume. Ke isigulane impawu standard ukunxila. Izigulane ezikhala namahlaba ubuthathaka emzimbeni, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo, ukudinwa, kuthibaza. Kwakhona, kukho uyandiswa ukubila.

It is a histoplasmosis isikhumba eqhelekileyo. Kule meko ichaphazela izihlunu cutaneous, nto leyo sikhatshwa iimpawu ezithile. Indlela kukhangeleka ngathi histoplasmosis? Ifoto ibonisa ukuba izigulane kufuneka kwamaqhakuvana ngegalelo lazo. Oku kunokuba erythema, ukopha okanye amaqhakuvana maculopapular, kwaye maxa wambi abrasions.

Kukho nezinye ezahlukeneyo ze esi sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi ebalulekileyo ebangela isifo ezincinane iziphumo kuphuhliso ithumba ongama izihlunu, stomatitis sisilonda, pharyngitis, isenzeko izilonda kwi womntu obhinqileyo. amehlo Histoplasmosis sikhatshwe sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi le conjunctiva kwaye kukhokelela kubunzima eziyingozi ukuya ekulahlekelweni mbono.

Kukho inala ezinye iingxaki, nto leyo ibandakanya le fomu kwesi sifo. Le iquka uluhlu peritonitis, horioidity, pericarditis, lymphadenopathy, endocarditis ezosulelayo, sisilonda sikabhobhosi, meningitis, kobuchopho kunye like. D.

Chronic histoplasmosis dessiminirovanny aqhubeke ngakumbi sluggishly - iimpawu ukunxila zifana abekho kunye izigulane ukuya kugqirha nkqu phambi izitshanguba inkqubo ilungu elithile. Nakuba kunjalo, phantse kuzo zonke iimeko sifo kukhokelela kubunzima kakhulu.

Iimpawu zesi sifo abantwana kunye nabantu buthathaka abanamajoni omzimba

kuba nkqu izigulane kancinane banawo ukusuka nesifo ekuthiwa histoplasmosis. Iimpawu kubantwana kakhulu iimpawu. Okokuqala kukho ubushushu - ubushushu umzimba liphuma nangokwamanqanaba malunga 38-39. Ngaphezu koko, kuyabonakala pallor, senyongo kunye maxa wambi nkqu eluswini, nto leyo ehambisana kunye neengxaki ezithile esibindini. Abanye abazali baye baphawula imbonakalo umntwana wabo sorhudo kunokuba livumba elibi. Uviwo ukuze kuphawulwe ukwanda ubukhulu udakada wesibindi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, esi sifo kuhlobo amatakane dessiminirovannomu. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwizigulane kunye amajoni omzimba buthathaka: babe sifo kwenzeka kakhulu kunene, ngoko unyango ngamachiza kubalulekile.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukubalula kubantu abane-HIV, kuba amajoni omzimba kwezi zigulane ukuba buthathaka kakhulu. Xa kungekho unyango, yonke iphela ngokufa phantse 80% amatyala. Kodwa xa esiqhutywa kakuhle unyango, eli nani lehla-15%. Ngelishwa, izigulane kwafunyaniswa AIDS, unako ukusindisa - ukufa kweli qela izigulane li-100%, njengoko nkqu lidle ezinkulu iziyobisi usenokuba ukukhusela ngokuchasene ukuphinda elizayo. Yiloo nto ke sicinga kwizigulane kunye nosulelo ezinzwaneni kwakhona kucetyiswa ukuba bavavanyelwe i-HIV.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Ngoko nangoko ke kufuneka kunokuthiwa kuphela ngugqirha emva kokuba uviwo ngokucokisekileyo Ungakwazi ukucacisa histoplasmosis nomonde. Uxilongo kwesi sifo - yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide. Uphando sibhekiswe kuphela ukukhangela le pathogen, kodwa ukuba ihlole umonakalo obangelwe umzimba kusuleleko.

Uxilongo kuqinisekiswa emva kokuba bodwa ukusuka uhlobo iisampuli Histoplasma capsulatum. Localulo isikhohlela ngokuma ezifanelekileyo, kunye neentlambululo inyumoniya. Xa desseminirovannoy zakha arhente causative sivakala igazi, endleni, umchamo, imixholo ulwelo fluid amathumba. Ukuchumisa bacteriological lwenkcubeko medium oluqhutywa elabhoratri.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntu biopsy le ezalathelwe nkovu okanye bronchi, kwakunye awafuneki isampuli wesikhumba nezilonda elintlangothi - ndayithatha iisampulu ke ngoko efanele iimviwo histological.

Oku zonke iindlela apho unako ukufumana histoplasmosis. Ugonyo kaninzi kubandakanya ukulandelwa reactions serotologicheskih, kwakunye uvavanyo intradermal kunye histoplasmin.

Ukongeza, macingo olunye uphando ukuze ufumanise imeko umzimba. Umzekelo, yityesi X-reyi kukunika ithuba lokuba babone lingene ezinkulu sredneochagovye, nto leyo uphawu kweqonga zale sifo.

unyango lwesifo

Kuthekani ukuba uye wafumana histoplasmosis? Unyango kule meko yoxhaso ngamnye. Okubalulekileyo! Xa kungekho tyala musa singayikhathaleli ngengcebiso kagqirha okanye ukwala unyango, njengoko kunokukhokelela nemiphumo eyingozi kakhulu.

Ukhetho unyango kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ingqalelo imfuneko yokuba athathe ubuzaza sifo, ukumila kwayo, izinga umonakalo amasebe awohlukeneyo, ubudala yesigulane, imeko omzimba, njalo-njalo. D.

Histoplasmosis babanama aqine ukumodareyitha ayifuni ukusetyenziswa arhente nokubola, leyo ngokwabo kakhulu ayityhefu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, izigulane bacebisa alale, ukutya okufanelekileyo, ukusela intabalala iziselo. Macingo unyango kwangumqondiso, anokuquka ekufumaneni arhente antipyretic, izakhiwo vitamin, antihistamines.

Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi, unyango nokubola kuyimfuneko. Ukulungiselela le njongo, amayeza eyahlukeneyo asetyenziswa. . Amachiza kakhulu ngempumelelo zigqalwa "Ketoconazole", "Itraconazole" Amphoglucaminum "" amphotericin B " unyango kwangumqondiso amayeza kufuneka kwakhona ibe anti-ukudumba zisetyenziswa ubukho izitshanguba ulusu okanye amehlo, ngokufuthi - .. Corticosteroids njengokukhanya yokuqala ubunzima ukusuka usuleleko, isigulana emiselweyo esikhethekileyo inhalation kweziyobisi ekunceda uthintele utshintsho zeethishu kunye nokuququzelela ukuphefumla yesigulane.

Xa iingxaki kakhulu maxa wambi kufuneka ungenelelo ngotyando, ukususwa nkovu engile ethile kunye ithumba ngamandla, okuhlatywa pericardial, kwemithambo yenhliziyo ezase (ukuba usulelo ichaphazela izihlunu intliziyo), resection yemiphunga iingxaki kakhulu kunye t. D.

Kuthiwa iingxaki ezinkulu ngexesha eqalwe kunye nonyango olwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo zinqabile kakhulu, yaye ngokufuthi izigulane abanamajoni omzimba sengozini enkulu. Kubantu abaninzi, kuba Ingxelo elilungileyo - histoplasmosis lula unyango, kwaye iimpawu kubuna ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba kukho amanyathelo oluphumelelayo lokunqanda?

Namhlanje, abantu abaninzi banomdla imiba ukuba histoplasmosis. Iimpawu kunye nonyango, iingxaki ezinokubakho - oku ingcaciso ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, izigulane badla ukubuza imibuzo malunga nokuba ngandlel sikwazi ukunqanda izigulo sifo.

Ngelishwa, uthintelo ngqo kwesi sifo ayikho - ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho zokugonya kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Histoplasmosis yemiphunga, kwakunye naluphi na olunye uhlobo isifo, oko kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo kunye nemigaqo kococeko lomntu buqu.

Umzekelo, ngethuba lolwakhiwo nomhlaba amaxhala ukuba bacinge malunga kukhuselwe phecana nokuphefumla ngoncedo iimaski, respirators, njalo njalo. D. Kunjalo kusebenza kubasebenzi iinkukhu kunye namanye amaziko zezolimo. Asimele silibale ukuba uhlambe iziqhamo, ingakumbi kwimeko kwemveliso kwamanye amazwe ezisuka kumazwe apho olu HIV isasazeka.

Imithetho efanayo iyasebenza ku kubakhenkethi. Phambi Abangaboniyo ezithile kufuneka ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubona ugqirha, kuba unyango ngokukhawuleza iqale, lilikhulu amathuba iingxaki ezingemnandi.

Histoplasmosis kwizilwanyana kunye neempawu zayo

Hayi kuphela umntu ochaphazelekayo ngulo usuleleko. Ukususela izifo enjalo aphela rhoqo ubunzima izilwanyana, kwaye ezifana kwenzeka endle kunye izilwanyana ekhaya. Ngoko nangoko ke kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ukudluliselwa arhente causative le qha ngqo kunye nezilwanyana akunakwenzeka, njengoko fungi bafakwa bume lwangaphandle kunye ilindle. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha unyango lwe-qabane kufuneka ulandele ngenyameko imithetho kococeko lomntu buqu (ingakumbi abantwana).

Ukujongisisa umfanekiso kwezonyango sifo kuqwalaselwa abameli usapho cat. Ngoko kubonakala ngathi histoplasmosis ziikati? Iimpawu akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba baqaphele ukususela kusuku lokuqala.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, yamyeka icesina livela kuqala. Pet iba buthathaka, ngokufuthi uyalala isa kancinane,. Njengoko esi sifo ibonakala ngokonakala wokutya, ukugabha, ngendlela ekhawulezileyo umzimba. Ngokufuthi, izilwanyana liphuhlise ukudla, nto leyo idinga unyango olongezelelweyo.

Kukho ezinye iimpawu. Ngokukodwa, kusenokuba lymphadenopathy kuphawuliwe, pallor ye inwebu yangaphakathi, ubunzima ukuphefumla nasisihlo izandi okungaqhelekanga ukusuka emiphungeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, izilwanyana ezigulayo bahlupheke emzimbeni. Xa ugqirha wezilwanyana zibonwa unokujonga ukwanda esibindini. Noko ke, uphethwe eqinisekile kuphela kwenziwa emva kokuba iimvavanyo elabhoratri xa uhlwayelela kwiinkcubeko bafumana kule mngundo.

Izilwanyana kwakhona ukuphuhlisa desseminirovannaya fomu, nto leyo idla kuboniswa ulusu, amehlo, izilonda inwebu yangaphakathi, uphazamiseko izibilini.

Histoplasmosis ziikati abanyangwa ngamachiza nokubola. Ngokukodwa, kucingwa ukuba kakuhle kakhulu, "Ketoconazole" yaye "Itraconazole". Kwezinye iimeko, udinga unyango olongeziweyo okungenisa, ingakumbi kwimvelaphi zizifo neengxaki ezinkulu kunye nokutya. I-ALS for ezininzi isilwanyana-lula, ngakumbi xa isilwanyana linikwe ixesha ukunceda. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, kwi zigaba ezilandelayo histoplasmosis nzima ukunyanga - likakade kunye ukubonakala iingxaki ngohlobo ezimbi ze wokugaya nkqubo, intliziyo, ubuchopho.