NguDmitry Ustinov - Marshal eSoviet Union, yaBantu Commissar kunye noMphathiswa we-USSR Armed. Umbhalo, amabhaso

zomkhosi Future nguDmitry Ustinov wazalelwa Samara kwi yintsapho eqhelekileyo. Nangona yokuba wazalwa ngo-1908 (ngaphambi ekuqaleni Revolution), waba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba ephambili kule War Civil - ebukhulu bayo obukhulu. Le elivisayo asizange sibe nalo ixesha ukugqiba izifundo zam.

Inkonzo kwi-Red Army

Ngowe-1922 waba ngokuzithandela Olubomvu Army. Wabelwa ukuba imikhosi ezizodwa ekuthiwa-(CHOZ). Lokudalwa kwiminyaka yokuqala karhulumente eSoviet. Baba "iqela yomkhosi" amaqela evela kwi kwiseli Party kunye iikomiti zengingqi ukuze kuliwe sokubala-revolution.

Young nguDmitry Ustinov wathunyelwa Central Asia. E Turkestan, kwafuneka ukuba nilwe umphangi bands, ezibe omnye zilikhusi yokugqibela uxhathiso urhulumente omtsha wamaKomanisi.

ekufundeni

Le ntliziyo olulandelayo exhaphaza ngo-1923 ize ithunyelwe kwiphondo Kostroma. Apho ufunda e Makariev esikolweni yobugcisa. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, nguDmitry Ustinov uthatha CPSU (b). Emva kokuba kukhululwe imisebenzi embalwa oomatshini. Balakhna lokuqala lokusila ephepheni, ngoko ke mveliso ye Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

Entsha ngo-1929 umfana uya Polytechnic Institute yasekuhlaleni. Apho ngokukhawuleza iphula ileli Komsomol kwaye uba lilungu kwiziko lepati. Le makings kwinkokeli wamvumela ukuba aye eLeningrad, apho ngelo xesha baya ukuqeshwa Military Mechanical Institute.

Wayephila kumaxesha tsarist, kwaye emva kokuba revolution iguqulwe amaxesha amaninzi, kuquka kwiziko lemfundo eziziisekondari. Ke kaloku kukho-Faculty of zokudubula neembumbulu. Ngowe-1934, Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov iveliswa khona wenjineli. Namhlanje, iyunivesithi ebizwa ngegama lakhe.

"YamaBolshevik"

Kwaoko injineli onesiphiwo waba iLeningrad zokudubula Marine Research Institute. Apha oonjingalwazi basebenza iminyaka emininzi yokuqaqadeka kunye namava yemidlalo. Ustinov wayeyintloko odumileyo Aleksey Nikolaevich Krylov - ubucukubhede, izibalo kunye shipbuilder. Ukuba iyaziwa ngemisebenzi ezininzi yeengcingane, kuba abasamkelayo njengomvuzo kukumkani, nokuba yombuso eSoviet. Ngokutsho Ustinov ezininzi, ukuba utitshala wakhe eziphambili owafaka kwakhe ukwazi eminhlanganweni kunye nophando lwabo.

Kuloo minyaka ndakukhupha nomenklatura kunye elite lobugcisa eSoviet Union baba repressions abaninzi. abesebenza Old wafa Gulag, kwafakwa kunye namagama amatsha. Dmitriy Fedorovich Ustinov waba kule kholi kakhulu "abaselula".

Yena ufumana kwi "yamaBolshevik", nto leyo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (ngo-1938) waba ngumlawuli. Le nkampani yaba ezihlangwini ngokusemthethweni edume Obukhov mveliso kunye into ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga. Apha kancinane phambi iitrektara yokuqala yeSoviet namatanki.

NguDmitry Ustinov weza apha phantsi ukusekelwa kuNobhala yokuQala iLeningrad zoMmandla City Andreya Zhdanova. Wafuna ukuba ifuthe owayamileyo eliphezulu. Lo msebenzi ezicwangcisiweyo Uqoqosho konke konke, ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho nganye efunekayo. Ustinov wathabatha inkampani zikwimeko lusizi. Kodwa woyika ukuya iindlela ezinobungozi wayengekho: ukutshintsha izixhobo iisampuli amazwe, abasebenzi re-abafanelekayo, njl Ngenxa yoko, le mveliso waqalisa ukukhulula izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ... Gosplan kwagqithiswa kuyo, yaye umlawuli oselula uye wafumana i-Order of Lenin.

Ustinov, efana abaninzi womnyele yayo, kaStalin wahlala niqinile de isiphelo sobomi. Xa ingcinezelo wachukumisa neqembu yakhe, kuquka UNikolai Voznesensky, wayesithi ezi ziganeko ngamayelenqe ejikeleze yinkokeli.

Abantu Commissar ingalo

Kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuqalisa kwemfazwe kumlawuli oselula ithembisa waqeshwa Abantu Commissar ngezikrweqe USSR. Stalin wayekholelwa ukuba ungquzulwano ngqo kunye Reich uba sezintlungwini, kodwa kuya kwenzeka kungelothuba ngaphezu konyaka okanye emibini. Ngeli xesha, wayethembe ukuba rearm eli lizwe, ukuthembela Ustinov ubuchule isizukulwana kunye nokuzinikela.

Kukholelwa ukuba ukuqeshwa kuMlawuli "ye'Bolshevik 'ukuba isithuba Abantu Commissar Lavrenty Beria ukubukelwa. Ngeli xesha ke ibinguye oyintloko wasondela Stalin, yaye ilizwi lakhe isigqibo kwimiba yabasebenzi.

Not ixesha ukuya ishishini nemiba ephathiswe-arhente, ngoJuni 22 intsimbi bakhe bamvusa ongusihlalo Gosplan UNikolai Voznesensky waza wathi imfazwe yaqala. Lixesha elide umsebenzi imihla ukuphuma yonke ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-industrial esempuma kweli lizwe, kude phambi ezayo.

Akufane Stalin baba "inviolable", kangangokuba isibakala sokuba Marshal elizayo eSoviet Union wayesaphila kwaye ofisi, uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Noko ke, impumelelo yakhe babonakala ngaphandle ngezi zinto. amashishini umsebenzi esekwe ngasemva ubukhulu becala yanceda ngokoyiswa Germany kwimfazwe ye attrition. Kamva, sele Brezhnev Ixesha eSoviet Union Marshal lalisiba ohlonitshwayo amagama ngobungxamo ngempumelelo kwimveliso.

Kulo msebenzi kukho iziganeko funny. Umzekelo, Ustinov umlenze wakhe, bekhwele (ebesoloko ebathandile izithuthuthu) kwi isithuthuthu. Esoyika kubaphathi isohlwayo, wafika kwi yesicelo. Kodwa Stalin, ngokutsho ingqiqo yakhe abayinqobo uburharha, yaBantu Commissar wayalela ukukhupha imoto entsha, kangangokuba lomzimba kuphinda akayaphula.

umsebenzi olunye

Emva kwemfazwe, Ustinov wahlala emlindweni yakhe. Ngowe-1946 kwabakho utshintsho lwe Commissariats. Bathi igama i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa (arhente Dmitri waye Ministry of iingalo USSR). Ngowe-1953, yena indawo esitulweni waza wathabatha nesigxina loshishino zokhuselo i karhulumente.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu (ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1963) Wayesebenza iBhunga labaPhathiswa, apho waqondisa umsebenzi kwi profile zabo. Njengoko omnye inxaxheba bagxotha Gagarin kuzo isithuba yena wawongwa isihloko uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi.

UMphathiswa wezoKhuselo

Ustinov nokumbetha Khrushchev kwaye zahlangana nabavukeli, ukususa kuye. Xa Brezhnev weza amandla, Dmitri ngokwemvelo igcinwe kwi elite karhulumente. Ukususela ngo-1976, yena - uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo USSR kunye ilungu Politburo of the CPSU Committee Central. Ezi zithuba waligcina de ekufeni kwakhe.

Kwiminyaka Brezhnev, waba ngomnye kwabambalwa abathabatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo yemiba engundoqo nkqubo Soviet. Eli qela lincinane kwakhona yayibandakanya Z Illicha Suslov Andropova Gromyko Chernenko.

Njengoko umlungiseleli ukuziphendulela Ustinov waziwa kakhulu imfundiso yayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, amajoni Soviet reequipped yaye afumene izixhobo ezitsha. Oku kwakunjalo of nuclear (SS-10) kunye nezixhobo non-nuclear (imikhosi transport).

Ustinov wayengomnye lwabasunguli imfazwe e Afghanistan, kuquka imisebenzi lokuhlala yokuqala. Kwiinkalo ezininzi umsebenzi wayo eyabangela ukuba kufikelelwe kwesi sigqibo le Politburo. Ngoko Ustinov wamelana Umphathi Jikelele Abasebenzi Ogarkov, owathi, phezu koko, akazange afune ukuhlaselwa.

Phantsi kwesikhokelo Ustinov sadlula enye enkulu kwimbali beemvavanyo zomkhosi Soviet. Bayalelwa igama ikhowudi "West-81". Kwandula nomkhosi kuqala va iinkqubo zolawulo ezenzekelayo kunye neentlobo ezininzi izixhobo ophezulu-ngqo.

kakhulu isigqibo yoMphathiswa bekuqhutywa inxaxheba zamazwe Cold kwiMfazwe, xa ubudlelwane phakathi USSR kunye United States isazama, koko kwakhona iphela.

ukufa

Le ndoda lokugqibela, bangcwatyelwa an ucula eludongeni yesicelo ogama nothuthu, oko, nguDmitry Ustinov. Intsapho ufumene yomhlala ukuthembela. Yena wasweleka kuka-1984, emva kokuba abandayo kwi show elandelayo izixhobo zomkhosi. Ngelo xesha, ukuba sele efile, Andropov kunye Chernenko waphila imihla yokugqibela. IsiZukulwana esiZuziweyo seeNkokheli Soviet ixesha ngxi petered ngaphandle cwaka yokwaluphala. Xa abantu, olu ngcelele yokufa ngokuba "uhlanga ukuya kwezo nqwelwana." Ustinov wayeneminyaka 76 ubudala.

Imbeko kaMarshal ngokufutshane igama Izhevsk - gunsmiths City. Nangona kunjalo, abemi ndandilungisa notshintsho angakholiswa, yaye igama zembali eyayibuyiselwe imizi emithathu.

bamxolele

Ustinov biography iquka irisithi yakhe yamabhaso ezininzi, kubandakanywa isihloko Hero eSoviet Union, uHero Socialist Labour (kabini), kwakunye imiyalelo 11 ka Lenin, yaye omnye ukuya Order of Suvorov kunye Kutuzov (zombini isidanga sokuqala).

Ukongeza, izihlandlo eziliqela okhankanywe oorhulumente ye Warsaw Pact iphela axis wamaKomanisi: Mongolia, eCzechoslovakia, Vietnam, Bulgaria, etc ...