Ngubani wabhala: "Mfundisi noMargarita"? Imbali yenoveli "INkosi noMargarita"

Nangona eli bali labhalwa ixesha elide kwaye Classic, kwaye nangoku ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abaselula. Ngenxa kwikharityhulam yesikolo phantse wonke umntu uyazi kule ncwadi nalowo owabhala ngayo. "Le Mfundisi noMargarita" - inoveli, okudalwe umbhali omkhulu Mihailom Afanasevichem Bulgakovym.

Akanandaba inoveli

abantu bengenamdla ngokunxulumene lo msebenzi phantse non-amadoda alwa nawe. Enyanisweni, abafundi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: abo bamthandayo romance yaye bayazithanda kubo, nabo oyithiyileyo nje kwaye ayisazi leyo Bulgakov. Kodwa kukho wesithathu, incinane, isigaba. Ukuze ukwazi ekunokuthiwa, abantwana mhlawumbi, kuphela encinane. Ngabo abo bangevanga malunga kwinoveli bengazi ukuba ngubani na ngumbhali.

"Mfundisi noMargarita" - yenye yezona ebalaseleyo yaye kungakholeleki iprozi. Ababhali abaninzi abaphengululi zoncwadi baye bazama ukusombulula qhina ukuthandwa kwakhe nempumelelo kumfundi. Kude ekupheleni kwayo akukho namnye kodwa saphumelela.

Not abaninzi ukukhumbula uze ubize imisebenzi enjalo, oko kwakuya zabangela impikiswano kangaka ngeenxa zonke. Malunga inoveli Bulgakov kaThixo, akukho mfuneko kupheza unanamhla. Bethetha icandelo ibali yebhayibhile, ke AMAGQABAZA ▸ abalinganiswa abaphambili, iingcambu bulumko nezinto zexabiso inoveli, malunga ngubani yonke nguye umlinganiswa ophambili, yaye olu hlobo apho umsebenzi obhalwayo.

Izigaba ezithathu ukubhala inoveli, yi B. V. Sokolovu

Imibono malunga ngembali zoncwadi lokubhala "INkosi noMargarita", kodwa malunga uhlobo lo msebenzi ziyahluka. Umzekelo, Sokolov, umbhali we "Bulgakov Encyclopedia", yahlula inguqulelo inoveli izigaba ezithathu. Uthe umsebenzi imveliso yaqala ngo-1928. Wavele, kwaba ngoko ukuba umbhali yenoveli "INkosi noMargarita" yaye izicwangciso, kwaye ubhale izahluko ezithile baqala kuphela ebusika 1929. Kakade uhlelo lokuqala epheleleyo esigunyaziswe emthonjeni nyaka. Kodwa akukho nto axelelwa ngqo ngubani umbhali ebhala unqophisileyo. "Mfundisi noMargarita" nalapho akazange avele kwisihloko umsebenzi. Ngqangi othi "Furibunda" yanikwa umvakalisi "Nedra" phantsi elabo K. Tugay. A elinesibhozo Matshi 1930 ukuba yatshatyalaliswa ngumbhali. Utsho iphela isigaba sokuqala umsebenzi wokuhlela, kwakhululwa Boris Vadimovich Sokolov.

Inqanaba lesibini yaqala ekwindla 1936. Kwaye akukho mntu wayesazi ngexesha kwinoveli iya kubizwa ngokuba njengoko ngoku owoyamaniswe. A ingcamango ezahlukeneyo Bulgakov ngokwakhe, lowo owabhala ngayo. "Mfundisi noMargarita '- umsebenzi ufumana igama yahlukile umbhali wayo:" wabonakala "yaye" Kwaba "," Advent "," Grand Chancellor "," Ndilapha! "," Bili black "," A umnqwazi nge iintsiba " "uphuphu umcebisi" yaye "intsimbi yehashe wasemzini", "Black wezakwalizwi," yaye "uSathana". Ayitshintshanga, omnye isihlokwana kuphela - ". Fantasy inoveli"

Ke ekugqibeleni, Isigaba sesithathu - kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-1936 de kube sekupheleni kuka-1938. inoveli yokuqala ngokuba "Inkosana Ubumnyama", kodwa ke kunjalo baye bafumana igama eliqhelekileyo kuthi. Kwaye ehlotyeni ekuqaleni, ngowe-1938, oko iprintwe kwakhona ngokupheleleyo okokuqala.

Yonke into kwenzeka kwinoveli ngakumbi Sokolov alizithathi-ofisi wokuhlela, azibize izilungiso yombhali.

iintlelo ezisithoba, ngokutsho Losev

V. I. Losev iminyaka engaphezu amabini ukufunda ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi uMikhail Bulgakov. Yena yahlula imbali kokubhalwa kwinoveli ibe izahlulo ezisithoba, efana umbhali ngokwakhe.

• Edition First - "bili black". Esi siqulunqo kwinoveli, incwadi yokuqala abhalwe 1928-1929. It has akukho Mfundisi noMargarita, kwaye kukho ezine kuphela zahluko.
• Okwesibini - "uphuphu yinjineli." Le yesibini incwadi kwiminyaka efanayo rough. Esi lokuqhubekeka, inxalenye yesibini yokuqala yePhetshana leeNdaba ze-msebenzi. It has izahluko ezithathu kuphela, kodwa emva koko kubekho ingcamango enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo yenoveli - yinto kwicandelo elibizwa "IVangeli Woland."
• Eyesithathu - "Sangokuhlwa wokuPhumla eyoyikekayo." Iidrafti, nomzobo kwinoveli, ebhalwe kule minyaka 1929-1931. Kukho kwakhona izahluko ezithathu. Kwaye phambi kokuba uguqulelo yokugqibela apho beluphelela nje ityala e Griboedov.
• Okwesine - "Grand Chancellor". Uhlelo lokuqala epheleleyo ye-ngqangi. Kukho sele ukubonakala noMargarita kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Yiloo nto kanye igama lakhe de Master and yimbongi.
• Okwesihlanu - "Fantasy inoveli." Esi sahluko lwaza alufezele kwiminyaka 1934-1936. Kukho iinkcukacha ezintsha, kodwa akukho iinguqulelo ezibalulekileyo.
• Lesithandathu - "Golden Spear". Oku kwakhokelela "Magic Imali" ngqangi nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha phahla.
• Seventh - "iNkosana Ubumnyama." Izahluko zokuqala ezilishumi yenoveli. Love sendaba Mfundisi noMargarita ayikho apha, yaye yonke into ziguyiwe kwi imbonakalo ophambili. Kwaye apha Berlioz Igama Mirtsevym.
• inxalenye wesibhozo - "The Master noMargarita." edition ngqangi Zalisa kwaye abaqolileyo 1928-1937 kaThixo. Kwaye le nguqulo eshicilelweyo udade Elena Bulgakova Olga Bokshanskoy.
• Yesithoba - njenge "The Master noMargarita." Kuguqulelo lokugqibela nelokugqibela, equka zonke ezintsha nezimvo Bulgakov. It yapapashwa emva kokufa umbhali Elena Sergeevna, umfazi wakhe, ngo-1966.

amabali Option Belobrovtsevoy and Kulyus

Ngeendlela ezininzi, uguqulelo yabo iyafana naleyo Losev, njengoko bavumelana ngokupheleleyo kunye ukugxeka kwinguqulelo yokuqala. Noko ke, intloko yesibini abahleli abayibiza ngokuba "gqiphu injineli" ye maka inoveli "Nedra" endlwini nokupapasha. Kulapha okokuqala apho ke iNkosi, ogama lakhe nangoku Fesey. Udlala indima Faust akanayo margaritas. Inguqulelo wesithathu, ngokutsho Belobrovtsevoy kunye Kulyus yi "Fantasy inoveli" ebhalwe Bulgakov ngo-1932, apho iNkosi utshintshwa ukusuka Fesi kwi Imbongi yaye sele kubonakala kaMagarita. Okwesine, bakholelwa abahleli ngo-1936, lowo yagqitywa okokuqala igama "ukuphela." Okulandelayo yiyo imveliso ka 1937 - inoveli engagqitywanga "iNkosana Ubumnyama." A ngqangi koko ziprintwe O. S. Bokshanskoy. Sele ababhali yakhe lokunxibela ingqalelo uhlelo wesixhenxe. Kwaye ke lwesibhozo yokugqibela - kukuba ilungelo Bulgakov kunye nomfazi wakhe, phambi kokufa kwakhe kwaye yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe.

Thina ashicilele inoveli ngendlela apho siyazi ukuba, okokuqala kule magazini "eMoscow" ngo-1966. Imveliso kwangoko kakhulu, yaye igama Bulgakov elapha imilebe bexesha lakhe. Emva koko, ngokuchanekileyo, akukho bani uphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ngubani na ke umbhali imisebenzi ababhala. "I-Master noMargarita" - inoveli ukuba ndizilibale. Kwaye ke usabambelele igama layo.