Biography of Dostoevsky. Interesting yayenzekile biography of Dostoevsky

Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky wazalwa ngo-1821. Yena umntwana wesibini kwintsapho enkulu (kwakukho ezintandathu).

Izifundo kunye notitshala, ukufudukela eSt Petersburg

Ukususela ngo-1832, Dostoevsky kunye umzalwana wakhe Michael waqalisa ukufunda. Beza ootitshala ekhaya. Kodwa ngowe-1833, abantwana bathunyelwa kwisikolo esibhodisayo, "Suchard". Nangona kunjalo, apho baye bafunda ukuba ixesha elifutshane. Kungekudala uthuthela "Cermak" ibhodi. Dostoevsky ndisemncinane ukuthanda ukufunda. Ngowe-1837, umama wam wasweleka of Fedor, yaye emva kwexesha elithile uyise wakhe wamsa yena uMikayeli kwikomkhulu kumntla, bebasa apho bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni.

1838-1843 gg:. Engineering School

Ukwamkelwa kwesi sikolo Dostoevsky ingqalelo impazamo embi. odolo Military baba yayintsha ngaphaya kwakhe, ngaphaya, Fedor kwakunzima ukuzalisekisa iimfuno yona. Akukho nto yabangela kuye umdla, kunye nabahlobo esikolweni uyifumene. Kwaye ubunzima kweli ziko F. M. Dostoevsky, ogama biography lizele lamathuba ezibuhlungu ezinjalo.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo Dostoevsky wayeyoliswa kakhulu imisebenzi Balzac, akumangalisi ukuba wagqiba kwelokuba aguqulele kulwimi Russian of inoveli yakhe osihloko sithi "evgeniya Grande." Yaba sisiqalo umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaxeshanye, Dostoevsky wasebenza iguqulela imisebenzi Zhorzh Sand, kunye Eugene Sue, kodwa abazange eprintiweyo.

nempumelelo enkulu

Ngowe-1844 umbhali waqalisa ukuya kuvela ngalo ingcamango "Abantu Poor", yaye ke ngenye imini wahlala edesikeni yakhe waza waqalisa ukubhala ngehlombe. Ngoko ke, lo inoveli zibasuse iingcinga zakhe, yaye Dostoevsky akazange ukuzola phantsi de ayikagqitywa ke. Xa kwenziwe umsebenzi, umbhali wanikela uguqulelo ngesandla lwe Grigorovich (umntu naye yena ehlala endlini), nto leyo wayihambisa Nekrasov, baza bahlala ukufunda yonke ubusuku "Abantu Poor". Xa kuthi chapha ukusa, bafika Dostoevsky. Nabonisa akuthandayo bakhe bokwenene. Ndavuya ukuva oku indumiso F. M. Dostoevsky! ngobomi bakhe iqulethe kunye mathuba ngovuyo, njengoko sibona.

Xa circle lababhali

Kungekudala, umbhali usiwe kwisangqa ka Belinsky, apho ndamkelwa ngezandla ezishushu Pan Odoyevski Turgenev. Emva kwexesha elithile, Dostoevsky wavuma ukuba ngelo xesha waxwilwa umgxeki kwaye yamkelwe ngaphandle kwemiqathango zonke iimbono zakhe, kuquka iingcamango yobusoshiyali. Biography Dostoevsky ibonisa ukuba wayazisa ngokoluvo Belinsky kweenoveli zakhe. Kwintlanganiso kunye naye 1845, umbhali ufunda izahluko ezimbalwa imveliso "Double", eyayisingethe ingqondo elahluleleneyo. Kungekudala lo mxholo iya kubonakala ezincwadini zakhe ezinkulu.

Le yokubulawa ekuthinjweni

Kusasa ngo-Aprili 23, 1849 umbhali, kunye namanye amalungu wesangqa Petrashevsky yathinjwa kwaye ibekwe uPetros Paul Fortress. maxa wambi Biography Dostoevsky solo Usizi ...

Kukhona wahlala umbhali kangangoko iinyanga 8. Wazama ukuba ningethi amandla, kwaye nkqu wabhala ibali "The Little Hero" (yanyatheliswa 1857). Kungekudala Dostoevsky watyholwa uceba kombuso, kwaye ke kufuneka ukuba adubule. Imizuzu elide, de kokubulawa kwakhe, umbhali ubunzima ukusuka okulinda ibuhlungu ukufa, kodwa ngequbuliso ndanikwa isigwebo ezahlukeneyo: Iminyaka emine elubhacweni kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni nakanjani konke kulungile. Emva ukukhonza gama wakhe, ukuba abe isosha. Umbhali awayethinjwe eOmsk, apho ke entolongweni apho ke kuloo nqaba. Apho wanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale phakathi mthetho. Edlulisiweyo nobuhlungu engqondweni, usizi kunye ukungafunwa, wazohlwaya, ngokutsha imilinganiselo, yesixhobo oluntsonkothileyo iimvakalelo ukusuka lusizi ukuba nethemba lokuba ukuzaliseka yokuqala injongo yabo ebomini - yonke le mpahla ezingasetyenziswanga entolongweni, yaba isiseko kwinoveli "Indlu Abafileyo." Biography Dostoevsky - umdlalo wokwenene azikwazi ukufundwa ngaphandle empathizing kunye naye.

Omisa umsebenzi yoncwadi

Ekubeni ebusika 1854 umbhali wakhonza Semipalatinsk, apho waba isosha oqhelekileyo. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezili-12 Ndaba igosa non-ethunywe. Kwaye emva nyaka wamiselwa uLt. Kungekudala Dostoevsky yabuyiselwa isihloko igosa lakomkhulu kunye ithuba ukupapasha imisebenzi yabo. Ngowe-1857, umbhali utshate Mariey Isaevoy, ngubani ngaphambili ndimxhase yaye akazange avumele ukuba ningethi amandla. Entolongweni, Dostoevsky wabhala umsebenzi "The Village of Stepanchikovo" yaye "Iphupha kabawokazi". Baye yapapashwa ngo-1859. Story wafumana ezininzi reviews inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu. Biography of Dostoevsky, kwaye kusenza ukuba ungaze phezulu kwaye womelele.

"Kakubi, OWENZAKELEYO"

Umbhali yayifuna magazini yakhe "Ixesha" ibonwa ngabantu ngumba kakhulu, ngoko wagqiba ukuba kushunyayelwe ngomsebenzi wayo omhle. Yayibizwa ngokuba "I kakubi, OWENZAKELEYO". Abahlalutyi kwinkulungwane XIX kubhekwe yokomfuziselo umbhali, yaye abaninzi waqonda njengoko bumntwisiwe bokubanga humanistic iincwadi Russian.

Iingxaki zentsapho kanye wedding

Ngowe-1863, umbhali waya kwelinye ilizwe, apho wadibana Apollinaria Suslov, apho inkanuko ethanda. Biography of Dostoevsky, izibakala umdla nachaphazela umfundi ukunicacisela abuyonto ngaphandle kukhankanywa kulo mfazi. ulwalamano lwabo leki nosithandayo okuphumelela kwidolophu German ka Baden-Baden waphefumlela ababhali ukudala imisebenzi "ongcakazayo".

Ngowe-1864, umfazi Dostoevsky wabhubha, kwaye nangona yokuba kaninzi ekubonile idrama nempixano, kuba kuye kwaba yintlungu enkulu. Kungekudala emva koko wafa umninawa Michael. kwakhona Umbhali waya phesheya, yaye ngehlobo lowe-1866 waye eyinkunzi kweli lizwe, ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko. Ngeli xesha wayesebenza phezu iqhekeza "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Zokohlwaya." Ngelo xesha umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwaye kwi "Player", nto leyo Dostoevsky ndandiye stenographer Anna Snitkina. Xa sele kwenziwe umsebenzi (ebusika 1867), umbhali wamzeka umfazi, yaye kamva waxelela N. N. Strahov, lo ubuhlobo ivumelane ngokwenene yaye ndonwabile. Ngoko Dostoyevsky bokwenyaniso iphupha lentsapho elungileyo. Umfazi wakhe umfazi banobubele, wayeyoliswa kakhulu indoda yakhe. Biography Dostoevsky zifundeka incwadi umdla apho umlinganiswa ophambili - umbhali yena, akunjalo?

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Zokohlwaya"

kuye kwabonakala Injongo yalo msebenzi umbhali ixesha elide, nkqu ekuthinjweni. Nangona Dostoevsky waba ubunzima zemali, umsebenzi kwi noveli kakhulu esebenzayo, ukuba bayayithanda ukubhala. Lo msebenzi izele iinjongo zentlalo kunye nefilosofi. ngokuvumelanayo Bona zayinxalenye sebali yaye abe ngumphelelisi amava yokomoya Raskolnikov. Linokuthi ngokuba umgwinti yentanda Bonaparte mihla, imbali yayo izaliswe yokuba egqiba ukuba avume ulwaphulo-mthetho wakhe, ukuze ubuncinane ebhekisele nazigqibo isazela sakhe. inkosi enkulu samazwi Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky, ogama engobomi lusenza umnqwazi italente yakhe.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Ngowe-1867 kuye kwagqitywa "I bwino", injongo apho umbhali wabona umfanekiso ngokugqibeleleyo indoda entle. Prince Myshkin, umlinganiswa ogqibeleleyo, ezinokufaniswa kuYesu, ayivumelani kunye abonakalisa ngumsindo, ukungahoywa, isono kunye uyaphambana. Oku kwalandelwa imveliso "Iidemon ', izizathu indalo apho umsebenzi Nechayev waza wamisa inkampani phantsi kwegama" kubulawa yaBantu ". Ngowe-1875 kubhaliwe kwathiwa inoveli "Elivisayo", nto leyo uvumo mfo okhulele kule mpela lonakele ihlabathi, ngoxa kusemnandi ewisa ngokubanzi. Emva koko kwaqala umsebenzi kwimveliso enkulu sombhali "Abazalwana Karamazov", ubalisa ibali ngentlekele yosapho. Dostoevsky wayefuna ukuba ziveza nezazi Russian. Kwakhona umbhali ufuna ukwenza uhlobo ohlala abalinganiswa abaphambili - Alekseya Karamazova. Full kwemibhalo impumelelo biography of Dostoevsky. Imihla kwasuka ukuphuhlisa ngayo italente yakhe, oko iingcinga ubuchule ngexesha elinye okanye elinye.

ukufa

Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe umbhali iphumelele igunya ekuzibonakaliseni, abaninzi ingqalelo kuye nomcebisi kunye umprofeti. Nangona Dostoevsky wakha izicwangciso ezininzi imisebenzi elizayo yaye singathanda ukuba uqala ukusebenza inxalenye elandelayo ethi "Abazalwana Karamazov", kodwa ebusika 1881 wafa ngesiquphe.

Biography of Dostoevsky: Interesting Facts

Ngaba uyazi ukuba "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya," Dostoevsky ezotywe ikhaya yokwenene, patios kunye namathafa, ibekwe ikomkhulu emantla? Kakhulu ulwazi olunomdla, akunjalo na? Umbhali wathi inkcazelo ndawo apho umbulali wayifihla izinto eyenziwe ngazo ukususela kwindlu yenkazana omdala, ukuba yayisekelwe iinkumbulo zentendelezo, abefudula wajika, ehamba eSt Petersburg.

Ngaba ubusazi ukuba umbhali nomona ngokwenene? Yena kurhanelwa umfazi wakhe unxulumano athandabuzekayo, nangona engazange anike isizathu sokuba oku. Dostoevsky unokuzibona sibuyele ekhaya kwaye uqale ukuhlola amatyala kunye nokwenza uphando isithuba zefanitshala. Okanye kungenzeka ngesiquphe nomona umntu owalupheleyo ubudala, indawo yokuhlala ogama kumnyango olandelayo.

Apha siye kuqwalaselwa phantsi kwemiqathango ngokubanzi njengoko Dostoevsky waphila. Biography emfutshane kodwa ulwazi.