Ngubani ongcwatyelwe emangcwabeni kaVagankovskoye?

Vagankovsky mangcwaba, mhlawumbi necropolis edume modernity. Imbali kule ndawo phantse engamakhulu amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo yaye iqhubeka unanamhla. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kuze sikwazi ukuseka uluhlu oluchanileyo wonk 'ubani wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky ubuncinane kwiminyaka elikhulu edluleyo, singasathethi yonke imbali yayo emide. Uluhlu kwabafileyo, bafumana indawo yokusabela lokugqibela, yi kakhulu Ukulinganisela kwaba malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi amagama. Noko ke, abaninzi bahlala yokungcwaba engaziwa.

Imvukelo isibetho ubuvuvu samangcwaba

Enye loqhambuko zakutshanje isibetho eRashiya kwiminyaka 1770-1772 yabalasela kuphela nelahleko enkulu yabantu, kodwa izixholoxholo ebalulekileyo ezithandwayo eMoscow kunye ebumelwaneni yayo. Ayiphumelelanga ekunciphiseni yombhodamo, Noko ke, ngengqibo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wafa abemi Akuvunyelwe kungcwaba esixekweni.

zempilo azizithintelo ukuthatha isiphumo, esi sifo ewuthile, kwaye kufuphi eMoscow kwidolophana New Vagankovo wakhula necropolis, ezibe sangcwatywa kunye Muscovites eziqhelekileyo.

Ngubani wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky? Uluhlu umngcwabo ngaloo mihla, Kakade ke, akukho bani phambili. Kwiinkulungwane 18-19 afunyanwa yokuphumla kukho lokugqibela babulawa izifo ezosulelayo, amajoni abo yawa Idabi Borodino, wafa Khodynka kunye namanye amaxhoba amaninzi emfazwe iintlekele zembali.

The War Patriotic mangcwaba Enkulu Vagankovsky wongeza amangcwaba ubunzima kunye lesikhumbuzo ukuya abavikeli mzi.

Ngaba ukukhumbula yonke? Ngubani wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky zabantu abadumileyo

Namhlanje, i inkulu emangcwabeni eMoscow sinxulumana emangcwabeni bonke abadlali zakho ozithandayo, kwinkcubeko nobugcisa abasebenzi, abezopolitiko - ababephila zethu. Ngelo xesha, abantu abaninzi ukulibala ukuba, enyanisweni, necropolis zabantu abadumileyo na indawo ukwenza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo. Ukuba kanye ekuqaleni kwembali yayo Vagankovsky mangcwaba na 'ukuqhayisa "ngaphandle kokuba amangcwaba abangachazwanga emaqandeni kunye namangcwaba uNothozamile abantu abaqhelekileyo, ngoko sisiqingatha senkulungwane iye yaba yindawo yokuphumla amadoda ezinkulu ngexesha lakhe.

Phakathi kwabo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky, amagama adumileyo ngenkulungwane ye-19. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabezomkhosi, abasebenzi yenkcubeko, ababhali kunye namagcisa. Ecaleni emangcwabeni zobungangamela abantu abaziwayo zembali ahlalisane yokungcwaba eqhelekileyo ngoku phantse ulibele, abamagama aziwa ngaphandle bezifo.

Ukukhunjulwa kwimvukelo Decembrist

Uluhlu kwabo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky Ungaqala kunye namagama Decembrists. Okwangoku, esixhenxe kuphela asinda emangcwabeni abo. Xa ucingo enye ibekwe amangcwaba Aleksandra Filippovicha Frolova kunye Aleksandrov Bobrischeva-Pushkin, ecaleni kwabo tshe zemabhile pink Ivan Nikolaevich Hotyaintseva.

Kwi Ilungiselelo eziphambili ibekwe kwingcwaba uMikhail Alexandrovich Bestuzhev. Apha ke wangcwatywa intombi yakhe, udade wabo, Elena. intokazi elinonokazi, ogama lakhe inzala Ngokufa ulibele. Loo nto iye yaqinisekisa ukuba imbali le bhokisi sixabisekileyo mpepha - Bestuzhev gallery adumileyo eni of the Decembrists, wayibeka yona evela eSiberia, emva kokufa umzalwana wakhe.

A lesikhumbuzo lenyengane abamnyama wathweswa kwamangcwaba i Decembrists Alexander Petrovich Belyaeva, kufutshane engcwabeni kunye UNikolai Alexandrovich ZAGORETSKY.

Abahlobo A. S. Pushkina

Bambalwa abantu khumbula apho indawo yokungcwaba wembongi enkulu. Hayi, Kakade ke, yena akayi kuphumla kumangcwaba Vagankovsky. Lingcwaba iincwadi zakudala Russian na looNongendi oyiNgcwele, kummandla Pskov. Noko ke, abo koogxa bakhe, ngubani wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky, abaninzi baye enxulumene ngokusondeleyo A. S. Pushkinym kunye nentsapho yakhe.

Ngoko ke, kufuphi ibandla lomculo ke amangcwaba labahlobo abasondeleleneyo wembongi: Bala Tolstoy kunye Fyodor Ivanovich mzobo wokubonelwa odumileyo nomqambi Alexei Nikolaevich Verestovskogo.

iinkosi ibrashi

Abantu abadumileyo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky alusoloko, laphela ubomi bakhe, waya kule ndawo uzuko nembeko. Ingakumbi xa beza kubantu creative, nikusingele phantsi konke amandla akhe ubugcisa wacinga kancinane malunga nemicimbi yehlabathi.

Umamkeli abaculi aziwayo, ngabapeyinti kunye abazobi, abo ke sangcwatywa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky umxhelo. Ingcwaba athobekile kungcwatywa Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin - ngomzobi mkhulu kwexesha Romantic kunye ngunozala umfanekiso unyaniseke umzobo Russian. Walishiya portraits ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu koogxa bakhe, yaye italente yakhe kwaye isakhono ibhrashi art Russian linyanzelekile ukuba kuphuhliso okuchithwa kunye nenkangeleko yobuso iimpawu-ngobude.

VA Tropinin umzobi lokuqala ezaziwayo-kakuhle, wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky. Emva kwakhe, ukuba necropolis ka eMoscow yaba yokusabela lokugqibela kwezi ukuwubamba ibrashi njengoko Vasiliy Ivanovich Surikov, Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev, UNikolai Alexandrovich Klodt, Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abathululi njengengcwaba apha, kwaye avant-garde, illustrators, abahombisa, igcisa graphic kunye opeyintayo owayesebenza kwiinkulungwane 19-20.

Abantu wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky waza washiya uphawu abayibo- kwimbali namhlanje ababephila zalibaleka. amangcwaba ezininzi ezidilikileyo, ezinye azinalo kwagama umonakalo yokukhumbula. Noko ke, ngokuthe ngcembe babuyele amagama.

Kwelabafileyo umbhali "ehlasela ..."

On Vagankovsky amangcwaba kwelabafileyo ngunozala yokuzinikela, okanye xa bathi, "archetypal" imisebenzi yokudweba Russian. umsebenzi Famous "Le ehlasela Ngaba Lifikile" yazi ngxi esikolweni. Kodwa isixa esincinci eyaziwa isiphelo kabuhlungu umdali wayo.

Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - enye wabaseki Association of Imiboniso abahambahambayo, wayengumzobi brilliant and notitshala. Yeha ke, kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wachitha endlaleni. iintlekele ne apho igcisa nako ukumelana, utywala kwaye imfuno iye yakhokelela ekubeni ukuba konke eyedwa, kulityalwa yokugula. Wafa esibhedlele eMoscow wabazelelela abahlelelekileyo.

Ekuqaleni, engcwabeni awasinxitywa umnqamlezo libiza ngamaplanga kunye nombhalo bethozamile ufundeka: "Academician Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov. Wazalwa May 12, 1830, wafa September 26, 1897 ". IiBhodi emnqamlezweni bethunana waquleka ekugqibeleni anyamalala, kunye nendawo ekuza kungcwatyelwa ngomzobi enkulu yayekwa kwaye ilityalwe iminyaka emininzi.

Noko ke, kwacaca ukuba amazwi esiprofeto kaIsake Levitan Savrasov: "Musa ukuba ngegcisa elinye zinzulu Russian ... Nge lyrics Savrasov yabonakala ukupeyinta imihlaba kunye nothando olukhulu ngenxa kwilizwe labo ... nokuba yokufaneleka kwalo wethu kummandla nobuciko Russian ze kuya kulityalwa. "

Namhlanje ingcwaba lakhe emangcwabeni Vagankovsky buyifanele a obelisk lenyengane kunye nombhalo laconic: ". Evelele artist Russian Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov, 1830-1897"

indlela Last abakhonzi Melpomene

Dwelisa nosaziwayo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky umxhelo. Ngumzali, kodwa necropolis, owayebonakele ngenxa iintlekele mkhulu kwimbali karhulumente, uye waba yindawo oluthandayo abadlali yokungcwabela yeqonga kunye cinema, bhanya, iimvumi kunye abaqambi.

Ngokutsho legend, isithethe kungcwaba abantu apha lo msebenzi sokubambela sele uphumile ukusuka kwenye wedolophu eMoscow, lo ummiselo leyo baphathiswe lokuphosa abantu bangcwabe Vagankovsky. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba emangcwabeni inkulu yaye yaba unikezelo olukhawulezayo kwaye kulula, leyo kunciphisa iindleko zomngcwabo, esenzeka rhoqo ngendleko yoluntu. Noko ke, kukho omnye kwenzeka twi: oko kwisiza ngekamva necropolis ngenkulungwane ye-17 bahlala ezizihiba kunye buffoons.

Namhlanje inani abadlali ozithandayo, iimvumi kunye neemvumi, uphumle apha, kunzima ukuba ukusho. Abadlali wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky izithixo ixesha bakhe, ubuqaqawuli ezininzi awalityelwanga kude kube ngoku.

Ekungeneni kukho ikhephu-emhlophe yomkhenkce, ilitye lesikhumbuzo, njengokwenziwa kwe Unxibelelaniso engcwabeni Aleksandra Abdulova. Le lesikhumbuzo yokuqala, sisikhumbuzo filmstrip seKMail embhoxo kakuhle wayethanda Michael Pugovkin. Ngoko nangoko kufuphi nengcwaba le "intle kakhulu ehlabathini, Watson" Vitaly Solomin. Abadlali Andrei Mironov, Oleg Dal, Z Filatov, abalawuli eliyi Rostockiy kunye Grigoriy Chuhray, umbhali edlalwa, umbhali uHorace UGrigory Gorin. Musa ukubala wonke umntu wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky of the abadumileyo abathe bacebisa inkcubeko Russian kunye nehlabathi. Apha ngasezantsi luluhlu (Akusayi kukha epheleleyo, Kakade ke, sekeriweke kwisicatshulwa zabantu abadumileyo)

• Aksonov Vasily - umbhali.
• Alov Aleksandr - umlawuli.
• Bogatyrov Yury - weqonga.
• Braginskiy Emil - ekuchubekeni.
• Burkov Georgy - weqonga.
• Balter Alla - weqonga.
• Vitsin George - weqonga.
• Voroshilov Vladimir - phambili.
• Spiridonov Vadim - weqonga.
• Garin Erast - weqonga.
• Glebov Peter - weqonga.
• Gluzsky Michael - weqonga.
• Dvorzhetsky Eugene - weqonga.
• Kaverin Veniamin - umbhali.
• nomdlali - Kononov Mihail.
• Levtova Marina - weqonga.
• Liepa Yolwandle - dancer.
• Vlad eshiya - intatheli.
• Umqambi - Migulya Vladimir.
• Rozov UViktor - bemidlalo.
• Rostockiy Andrei - actor.
• Sazonova UNina - weqonga.
• nomdlali - Samoylov Vladimir.
• Samoylov Evgeny - weqonga.
• Streltsov Eduard - wabadlali.
• imbongi - Tanich Mihail.
• Tulikov uSeraphim - umqambi.
• Fodorova Zoya - weqonga.
• Haritonov Z - weqonga.
• Chekan eliyi - weqonga.
• Chukhray Gregory - bhanya.
• Yumatov George - weqonga.
• Yashin Lev - wabadlali.

amangcwaba ezimbini buchopho

Kukho kwakhona oqingqiweyo Vsevolod Meyerhold. Buhlungu njengoko umphefumlo yomlawuli, bayahlelwa ingcwaba lakhe. Kangangexesha elide, iimeko kunye nendawo ukufa Meyerhold ayegcinwe eyimfihlo. Kuphela ngo-1987 oko kwazeka indawo yakhe yokwenene yokungcwaba kumangcwaba kwi Donskoy Monastery. Tshe ezenziwe ngamatye ezimnyama Meyerhold wabekwa kwelabafileyo ngumfazi wakhe sel oswelekileyo Zinaidy Rayh engama-20 phambi kokufunyanwa kwindawo yokungcwaba yeqonga ziqondisa wenguquko.

"Galia True"

On Vagankovsky amangcwaba efihlakeleyo imbongi Sergei Yesenin. ubomi eneenkani nokufa kabuhlungu yingqondi oselula yesihobe kwatsala ingqalelo indawo yokuphumla ukuba abalandeli bakhe kunye abayithandayo. Yeha, engcwabeni Sergeya Esenina yi notorious. Nor umhlola, zaba nemikrolo kwiiflethi marble okanye lenyengane plinth ezimhlophe, engqongwe iintyatyambo, Andikwazi kuyilibala inyaniso ebuhlungu yembali yalo yokungcwaba. Enye welivo amangcwaba isixelela ukuba ebusuku kufuphi nengcwaba akubonakala ghost ye ibhinqa eliselula.

"Abazibulalayo apha, nangona mna ndiyazi ukuba, emva koko izinja ezininzi akuxhome Esenina. Ke yena andikhathali. Kulo ingcwaba yonke kakhulu njengothandekayo kum ... ".

Mhlawumbi isiseko welivo babeke isiphelo buhlungu ngomhlobo wakhe oncedisayo Galina Benislavskoy. Konyaka emva kokufa imbongi yakhe, yena wadubula yena phezu ingcwaba lakhe, eshiya inqaku ukuzibulala odumileyo. Lihlale khona apho, ecaleni umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo. Umbhalo wokuqala engcwabeni obulula, "Galya True" kanye kakhulu uyibonakalisa kakuhle iimvakalelo zakhe Yesenin kunye, ubudlelwane nedrama-ezaliswe mngeni. Noko ke, ngoku ikhephu-ezimhlophe plate ezihonjiswe imitya ezinde iileta ukuba imbongi kuye: "Galya, sithandwa sam! Ndiyaphinda kuwe ukuba kakhulu, oyintanda, ngokukodwa kum. Kwaye uyazi ukuba ngaphandle inxaxheba yakho ebomini bam kuba buhlungu kakhulu. "

Uthotho ukuzibulala babelandela phezu engcwabeni lwendawo florom Ukumiselwa i "emkhosini eMoscow Imvulophu kuyoyikisa nonxunguphalo. Xa iyonke kukho ukuzibulala abantu 12 - bonke abafazi.

Idols million

Yintoni nosaziwayo sangcwatywa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky yaye yintoni amabali kunye neentsomi azisongele ukufa kwabo kunye nendawo yokungcwaba, kunzima ukubala. Engcwabeni Vladimira Semonovicha Vysotskogo, wayexakekile. A bit lesikhumbuzo artsy ibonisa imvumi oyintanda kunye nomdlali ecacileyo, ukuxhala njengoko waba ebomini. Kwelinye icala - umfanekiso, kwelinye - a oqingqiweyo zokuthetha, ezaba leitmotif lomgca artist ingoma lesiprofeto "nembila fastidious". Ayinyamezeleki, lesikhumbuzo engaqhelekanga. Ngawabo umngcwabo Vysotsky yathi mhlolokazi yakhe, Marina Vlady walila xa wabona elaa litye, ababizele kuye umzekelo ezimbi ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali.

Vysotsky akavumelekile ukufumana indawo yokugqibela yokuphumla kwi Ilungiselelo main. Abasemagunyeni, wanikwa indawo kwikona kude. Noko ke, isiphelo wangenelela emntwini Vagankovsky yamangcwaba, a admirer enkulu Vladimir Semenovich. Nguye yedwa kumngcwabo indawo engenanto emnyango, apho imvumi uphumle namhlanje.

Ukuthozama koomofu lengcwaba ezahlukeneyo omnye Bard enkulu. Bulat Okudzhava kwakhona wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky. Ethuneni kwi ngokohlobo litye enkulu kunye nombhalo zodonga kwenziwe - igama imvumi kunye umqambi. Le lengcwaba zesini kuqwalaselwa umzekelo kakuhle khona ubugcisa minimalism.

Enye mangcwaba embalwa nangoku ogcwele yinkukuma ngeentyatyambo, ephethwe yi Igoryu Talkovu. Enye isithixo yezigidi, ngubani zafa kabuhlungu eselula. Nokufa lakhe ligutyungelwe imfihlakalo, namarhe namabali, kwakunye ezininzi ababengaphambi kwakhe, abo wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky. Iifoto lo oculayo kwisakhelo kunye pediment somthi oqingqiweyo, ngokungathi indlwana Russian, phantse lonke yabakho izidanga, umsebenzi carnations kunye roses. ilitye ezingeyomfuneko into ezihonjiswe kwi indlela neo-zobuhedeni Slavic. On koseko emnyama kukho umnqamlezo elikhulu ezenziwe ngobhedu, umphezulu yayo ezihonjiswe Cyrillic ligature, yaye emazantsi gilt kwamanqwanqwa zintombi umgca odumileyo "Kwaye oyisiwe edabini, ndiya kuvuka aze acule ...".

Engcwabeni Igorya Talkova njengoko engcwabeni Sergeya Esenina, kwakukho akukho malinge ukuzibulala. Ngethamsanqa, kule meko ayikwazanga ukuthintela ukuzibulala kwaye ugcine abalandeli noko amnye ebantwini.

Ngubani na kwabangcwele wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Vagankovsky?

Kukho ingcwaba enkulu necropolis ezizodwa. Ecaleni kwabo lisoloko ezixineneyo, eze apha kude ngomthandazo ecela uncedo. Enye yezi emangcwabeni bangamalungu uyise Valentin. Nangona ngokusemthethweni akazange lamiselwa, abantu ngokunyanisekileyo bakholelwa bambongozayo yakhe nikholwe engcwabeni angummangaliso.

Bawo Valentin esekhona wayesaziwa ngokuba isimo wakhe olungileyo, nentliziyo evulekileyo. Bashiya kuye uncedo amahlwempu kunye iinkedama, nabahlolokazi kunye abangenamakhaya. Umbingeleli wathabatha nomdla onyanisekileyo kwabantu bonke abafuna ukhuselo yakhe nenkxaso.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba indawo ngqo kayise yokungcwaba Valentin ayaziwa. Umbingeleli wafa ngowe-1908, yaye 20 anzima ingcwaba lakhe ngendikubulele ukuyeka uhambo. Ngowe-1941, wemba phezulu indawo yokungcwaba ekuthiwa bengafumananga iintsalela. Kukholelwa ukuba, ukwenza ukuthanda uyise Valentine, waza ke wangcwatywa phakathi kweemitha ezimbini gangqa yenziwa ukuze bangcwabe abafileyo.

Namhlanje, phezu kwendawo kuthiwa yokuphumla kaBawo oyiNgcwele nje ezimbini zomnqamlezo, imitha nje kude omnye komnye. White, ilitye, wabeka umzukulwana umfundisi, okwesibini, iinkuni, lamiswa abahambi. Apho izinto nenkolelo yokuba na apha, sibukela ngcwaba ezisemthethweni, ulale iintsalela kayise lukaValentine. Zombini osibonayo iintyatyambo, amakhandlela zisoloko weqela yokucela uncedo, bebulela ukuba nangezibongozo.