Uluhlu lweentlobo amaza erediyo kwaye kwazo

Xa iincwadi zezifundo ifomula physics banikwa engavakaliyo xa kuluhlu kwamaza erediyo, ezo maxa wambi bawuqonda kuquka abantu abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo kunye namava. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukuqonda kakuhle, ngaphandle ukuntsonkotha. Eyokuqala eyafumana amaza erediyo, waba Nikola Tesla. Ngexesha apho kwakungekho izixhobo ophezulu-zobugcisa, Tesla akazange aqonde ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni le nto, waza kamva ekuthiwa kaEtere. Umqhubi kunye alternating current wombane sisiqalo igagasi radio.

imithombo ngamaza erediyo

Imithombo yendalo amaza erediyo ezi izinto ngeenkwenkwezi nemibane. Artificial wave radio samaza yi ngumbhexeshi zombane kunye ihamba ngaphakathi alternating current yombane. Amandla vibrational le aqhelelkileyo generator isasazwa ukuya ezithile nge antenna yerediyo. Umsebenzi wokuqala waba umthombo lwamaza radio samaza-radio Popov. Kule fowuni, ephezulu-rhoqo ombane aphezulu umsebenzi wokwenza eyenziwa drive bene-eriyali - eriyali dipole. amaza erediyo ngokusebenzisa ngumntu zisetyenziselwa esisigxina yaye mobile radars, usasazo, unxibelelwano ngonomathotholo, unxibelelwano satellite, navigation kunye neenkqubo zekhompyutha.

Uluhlu amaza erediyo

Njengoko lisetyenziswe kunomathotholo amaza kwi the frequency kuluhlu 30 kHz - 3000 GHz. Ngokusekelwe kwi ubude yomtshangatshangiso namatyeli andise neempawu, unomathotholo band yohlulwe sub-bands 10:

1. ADD - extra-elide.
2. DV - elide.
3. NE - medium.
4. HP - mfutshane.
5. UHF - ultra.
6. MV - imitha.
7. UHF - UHF.
8. SMV - isentimitha.
9. EIyim - aphindwe.
10. SMMV - submillimeter

Amaza Uludwe amaza erediyo

radiowaves Spectrum ngokwemibandela yahlulwe yangamacandelo. Kuxhomekeka rhoqo kunye nobude lencinibakazi radio yahlulwe subbands-12. Uluhlu rhoqo amaza erediyo na amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye amaza alternating uphawu lwangoku. Iibhendi zamaza kwamaza erediyo kwi-International Regulations Radio 12 amagama thaca:

1. ELF - phantsi kakhulu.
2. ELF - ultra-phantsi.
3. Intshi - subsonic.
4. VLF - phantsi kakhulu.
5. LF - njalo.
6. Alo - ebikade.
7. HP - Frequency High.
8. VHF - phezulu kakhulu.
9. UHF - ultra.
10. UHF - high ultra.
11. EHF - phezulu kakhulu.
12. HFO - gipervysokie.

Ngenxa yokwanda amaza erediyo, ubude bayo kunciphisa kunye nokuncipha amaza sokuquqa kwerediyo - ukunyuka. Nokwanda, kuxhomekeke ubude balo - yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo namaza erediyo.

Radio wave andise 300 MHz - 300 GHz kuthiwa microwave ultra-high ngenxa frequency lwabo eliphezulu. Nkqu sub-bhanti ebanzi kakhulu, ngoko ke, nayo, yahlulahlulwe ngamathuba, ezibandakanya kwizintlu ezithile kamabonakude kunye nonomathotholo, unxibelelwano zaselwandle kunye nesithuba, emoyeni, kuba radar kanye navigation, ukuze adlulisele iinkcukacha zonyango kwaye njalo njalo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uluhlu iphela amaza erediyo yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezimiselwe imida kwemiqathango phakathi kwabo. Iinxalenye Balandela ndawonye gqolo wayedlula ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ayangenana.

Iimpawu ukwabiwa amaza erediyo

Andise - ukudlulisela yamandla evela entsimini nokuxuba kagesi enye inxalenye isithuba ukuya kwenye. Xa vacuo amaza erediyo angahamba ngesantya sokukhanya. Xa baboniswa okusingqongileyo ukuze irediyo wave zityalwe, kunokuba nzima. Oku kubonakala imiqondiso ubugqwetha ukutshintsha indlela andise, isigaba deceleration kunye neqela sesiqhelo.

igagasi ngalinye kwiintlobo esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Long ukuze bangabanjwa ngcono imiqobo. Oku kuthetha ukuba spectrum radio zingasasazwa ezweni moya kunye namanzi. Ukusetyenziswa Amaza elide isagquba kwimikhumbi zasemanzini zaselwandle, nto leyo evumela ukuba kuqhagamshelwa kulo naluphi na indawo ngolwandle. Xa ngamaza amakhulu amathandathu kweemitha kumaza of kilohertz yalungisa balwamkele ezingamakhulu amahlanu zonke iinqanawa kunye nezikhululo zokuhlangula kwi.

Radiowave andise e kumaqondo ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke frequency lwabo. Ubude ezincinane kunye rhoqo ephakamileyo, i ngqo ngakumbi iya kuba umendo otshangatshangiswayo. Ngako oko, le incinane kokukhona amaza alo nobude, ngoko ke bayakwazi agobe ngeenxa imiqobo. band ngamnye ubude yalo kanomathotholo neempawu amaza andise, kodwa emdeni bands ezikufutshane utshintsho ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zikhona.

Iimpawu Distribution

Amaza Extra-elide elide amathathu ukulujikeleza macala onke phezu-langa, esasaza imitha ebusweni for amawaka eekhilomitha.

Umyinge wave baboniswa onokufunxa ngamandla, ukuze bakwazi kuphela ukoyisa umgama 500-1500 km. Xa Kuqukaniswa le ionosphere kwi uluhlu yokosulela lwendawo kunokwenzeka uphawu umqadi ebonelela unxibelelwano ayi amawaka aliqela.

Amaza Mfutshane bahambe imigama kuphela elifutshane ngenxa yabo kumphezulu Ukunciphisa amandla. Space iyakwazi ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuboniswe ukusuka kumphezulu Umhlaba kunye ionosphere, ukuba bahambe imigama emide, ekwenzeni ukudluliselwa kolwazi.

Ultrashort ekwaziyo yokudlulisela ulwazi oluninzi. amaza erediyo ukuba uchunge kusichukumisa ionosphere emajukujukwini, ngoko phantse akafanelekanga kusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezisentlabathini. Amaza Surface ukuba ezintweni ezi bands kumgca othe ngqo, hayi ezigudle komhlaba planethi.

Xa uluhlu woqondo ukudluliselwa imiqulu emikhulu ulwazi kunokwenzeka. Kakhulu wayedla ukunxibelelana wesithathu band amaza ezamehlo. ongqonge ihlabathi, ukuba eziphango kwisifundo, kunjalo enyanisweni kuthe kwenyuka idluliselwa ukuya kumgama km-5. Kodwa ke ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano enjalo ishenxisa imfuneko ukufumana imvume evela uhlolo Telecommunication.

kwezwi isimiso

Ukuze udlulise ulwazi, lencinibakazi radio kuyimfuneko ukuliguquguqula uphawu. Sixhobo ikhala ngendlela sokuquqa kwerediyo modulated ixesha libe lilimbi. amaza elifutshane, eliphakathi elide kwezwi awo, ngoko zabizwa ngokuba AM. Ngaphambi modulated carrier wave ihamba kunye namandla awo rhoqo. kwezwi awo ukugqithisa litshintsha awo yayo, ngokulandelelana, ombane umqondiso. Le awo kwamaza erediyo yahluka ngokomlinganiselo ngqo uphawu ombane. VHF frequency kwezwi na, kutheni zabizwa ngokuba iNdebe yeHlabathi. Frequency kwezwi inyanzela frequency olongezelelweyo oqhubeka ulwazi. Ukugqithisa uphawu umgama kufuneka ukuliguquguqula umqondiso aqhelelkileyo. Kuba uphawu ezifunyenweyo kufuneka bohlukanise kwi yomtshangatshangiso sub-yenethiwekhi. Xa frequency kwezwi ingxolo eyenziwe ingaphantsi, kodwa unomathotholo onyanzelwayo ukuba yasasazwa VHF.

Imiba echaphazela umgangatho nokusebenza amaza erediyo

Umgangatho nocikizeko indlela radio wave yokwamkela kuchaphazela radiation zemiyalelo. Umzekelo antenna satellite ayala radiation kwindawo emi womenzi woluvo yokunyuselwa efakiweyo. Le ndlela ukuba senze inkqubela enkulu kummandla ngeenkwenkwezi radio, uze wenze eninzi obafunyanwa zesayensi. Wavula ithuba yokudala satellite zosasazo data ngaphandle, yaye ngaphezulu. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba amaza erediyo bayakwazi sibengezela ilanga, iiplanethi ezininzi ibekwe ngaphandle wezijikelezi-langa, kwakunye mafu cosmic kunye neenkwenkwezi. Kuthathwa ukuba kukho izinto ngaphandle kumnyele wethu kunye wokunciphisa enamandla kunomathotholo.

Kuluhlu amaza erediyo, wave radio andise awuchaphazelekanga kwelanga nje kuphela kodwa iimeko zemozulu. Ngenxa yoko, amaza imitha, enyanisweni, akuxhomekekanga kwiimeko zemozulu. A andise Umgama sentimitha kakhulu ixhomekeke iimeko zemozulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bume zolwelo eyimvula okanye kwinqanaba ukufuma ephakamileyo emoyeni kwamaza saa okanye ithathe.

Kwakhona kuchaphazela umgangatho wabo kunye nemiqobo emkhondweni. Ngamaxesha anjalo, fade umqondiso kwenzeka, ngoko kakhulu maxongo elivakayo okanye shwaka ngemizuzwana embalwa okanye ngaphezulu. Umzekelo indlela ukuya iinqwelo-TV, xa flickers umfanekiso kunye nemigca ubumhlophe. Oku kungenxa yokuba yomtshangatshangiso kubonakala ukusuka moya, wegqitha yi-eriyali ye-TV. izenzakalo ezinjalo nge zidlulisele kamabonakude kunye nonomathotholo rhoqo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, njengoko amaza erediyo kuboniswa uluhlu lwezakhiwo, iinqaba eziphakamileyo, ukwandisa umendo otshangatshangiswayo.