Ukungena kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan: ibangela kunye nemiphumo

Ukusungulwa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan ngokumalunga neminyaka emashumi amathathu idala iimvakalelo eziphikisanayo kwiinkoliso ezininzi, ezempi kunye nezopolitiko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usebenzo ngokwawo, ixesha eliphambili lokubhukuda kweNdlunkulu yase-Amin e-Kabul, kusengumzekelo wezenzo zamandla akhethekileyo kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakwenzeka ukuqwalasela ukungena kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan ngaphandle kwenyameko yokutshatyalaliswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ngenxa yokuba esi siganeko ekugqibeleni saba esinye sezizathu zokuwa kwe-USSR.

Okwangoku, ukuze kuqondwe intsingiselo ejulile yeziganeko ezingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imeko kweli lizwe laseCentral Asia ngowe-1979.

Yonke yaqala ngo-Apreli 1978, xa iPPPA, ekhokelwa ngumlobi odumileyo uN. Taraki, yaqala ukulawula e-Kabul ngenxa yesiphumo sempi. Ngelo xesha, olu phuhliso lucatshulwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-United States, ekubeni iTaraki kunye nabalingane bakhe babona iSoviet Union njengabambisene nabo, apho amandla okhe okwakusoloko ebengumlawuli omncinci ophethwe nguLeonid Brezhnev.

Ubukhokheli be-USSR kunye neCPSU bazama ukuxhasa urhulumente omtsha weRiphabhliki yase-Afghan kunokwenzeka. Ngethuba lonke lowe-1978, imali eninzi yathunyelwa apha, abacebisi bezempi kunye nezoqoqosho babehamba, ababa ngabaququzeleli abakhulu bomhlaba kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemfundo.

Ngelo xesha, ukunganeliseki kwakukhulayo ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan, bobabini phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo kunye naphakathi kwabantu abalawulayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, ukuchasana kwaphumela ekuvukeleni okuvulekileyo, okukuthi, njengokuba kunjalo namhlanje, yi-United States. Nangona kunjalo, uTaraki wayefuna ukuba avele eBrzhnev ukuba ugunyaze ukungena kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan, nangona kunjalo, wamkelwa ngokukodwa.

Le meko yashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngoSeptemba 1979, xa omnye wabalingane bakaTaraki Amin wenza ikhwelo waza wangena egunyeni esikhundleni sokumtyhola umongameli wangaphambili entolongweni. Ukuza kwamandla e-Amin kwatshintsha kakhulu imeko yezinto ngaphakathi kwe-Afghanistan kunye neemeko zalo kwiziko lehlabathi. Ukongezelela, ukugweba imemori epapashwe ngandlela-thile yoluntu owaziwayo waseMelika uZ. Brzezinski, kulo mbutho u-United States wadlala indima ebalulekileyo, enenjongo yodwa yokumisa i-USSR "kwimfazwe yaseVietnam".

Ngaloo ndlela, izizathu eziphambili zokusungulwa kwemikhosi yamaSoviet e-Afghanistan kwakuyiyona ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe, kwaye kwakhona emva kokubanjelwa kwe-Amin, urhulumente waseSoviet waphoqeleka ukuba angenelele kwimicimbi yangaphakathi yeli lizwe, ukuze angabi nendawo yokutshatyalaliswa kwimida.

Ukungena kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan kwathatyathwa sisigqibo segqeba eliphezulu leqela-i-Politburo yeKomiti yeNtloko yeCPSU. Ngexesha elifanayo, isigqibo sathi kwizenzo zalo ubukhokheli be-USSR buxhomekeke kwisivumelwano sobungane, esayinwe phakathi kwamazwe abuyele ngo-1978.

Ngomhla we-entsha, ngo-1980, ngenxa yokugubha kwebhotwe likamongameli u-Amin wabulawa kwaye umbutho wase-USSR uB.Karmal waba ngumongameli weRiphabliki . Kwexesha elithile, ukuqaliswa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet e-Afghanistan kwanegalelo ekuqhelweni kokuphila kwangaphakathi kwelizwe, nangona kunjalo, emveni kwemikhosi yamaSoviet yaxoshwa kwiintlankqalazi ezixakile kunye neMujahideen, nto leyo yabangela ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwe-15 000 bafa kwicala laseSoviet.