Ngokutsha nelawula: ingqiqo kunye nenkqubo ye excitation

Ithuba lokubuyekeza izigqibo ezithe wangena force, kwisibheno (zokusuphavayiza) imveliso yenye awohluke yomthetho lwasekhaya. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi amazwe leziko ungekho. Kukho ubungqina bokuba eRashiya ngenxa yeemeko zentlalo-kwezopolitiko neendawo kweli lizwe. Makhe siqwalasele ngakumbi oko kubandakanya iingxoxo entendelezweni umzekelo abaziisuphavayiza.

Overview

Ngoku Le Code yangoku weNkqubo yoLwaphulo umisela ukuba ngokutsha iinkqubo zokusuphavayiza kwityala lolwaphulo nga maziqaliswe kuphela ngamaqela. Kulo mzekelo, i ikhowudi pre-ekhoyo phantse akazange ukunciphisa inani labantu unelungelo lokuba angafaka isicelo. Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo imithetho CPC inokuchazwa ukuba imveliso yesakhiwo abaziisuphavayiza wenkundla lisebenza njengoko inqanaba lenkqubo, apho umzimba ephakamileyo iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye semthethweni isigqibo, oqale ukusebenza. Le nkqubo isebenza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba isibheno nomiselo. Ngokufanayo, ebonakala ngokutsha abaziisuphavayiza inxaxheba kwiinkqubo embambano.

izigaba

Lo mthetho umisela izigaba eziliqela abaziisuphavayiza yemveliso:

1. Icala isikhalazo ngokuchasene isigqibo, oqale ukusebenza.
2. kwezigqibo ligosa eligunyazisiweyo. Ijaji unokugqiba ukwamkela isikhalazo kunye nokuqalisa inkqubo okanye ke asikhabe. Kwimeko yokugqibela, uSihlalo unakho Ukubhangisa isigqibo yakusithumela isicelo ngokutsha.
3. Ukuva isikhalazo phantsi le nkqubo okugada.

inani

inkqubo nelawula wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Kwindawo yokuqala ekuhambeni kwalo lokulawula imisebenzi kumaziko abantu. Njengenxalenye yale kubuyekezwa zokusuphavayiza iNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye iinkundla zomkhosi efanelekileyo liliso yokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa umanyano yawo ngokusekelwe isicelo ngqo komthetho kwaye umgaqo ukuzimela. Lo msebenzi kuyimfuneko lokuphumeza amalungiselelo ebekwe phantsi Art. 19 loMgaqo-siseko. Ngokutsho kwakhe, bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho kwaye iinkundla. Ithuba ekubuyekezeni imimiselo wangena force, naye ukhonza isiqinisekiso engundoqo amalungelo kunye neemfuno zomntu.

into ebaluleke

Production kumatyeli zokusuphavayiza ivumela ngokutsha izigqibo, ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye ayenziwanga ubengabhenele okanye umyalelo eyahlukileyo. Oku kulandela ukuba lokuhlolwa olwenziwe malunga inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwee-odolo. kubuyekezwa nelawula kwityala lembambano ukukhuthaza efanayo yokusebenza, leyo wenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo lomthetho kwi yokuqhutywa kwamatyala.

iimpawu ezikhethekileyo

Nelawula ngokutsha kunye isibheno inkqubo ubukhulu becala efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabo. Phakathi kwabo kufanele kuphawulwe:

1. Hlola ingongoma. ngokutsha inkqubo nelawula wavula kwi sigqibo, oqale ukusebenza.
2. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo sokuhlola. ngokutsha iinkqubo nelawula ukuze uzakwenziwa izihlandlo eziliqela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo anegunya.

Ingakumbi isicelo

Ukuzisa izikhalazo zenziwe yonke imigaqo yomthetho, xa iNkundla Ephakamileyo kufuna elisanda kukuqonda oko. Ngamanye amazwi, ityala lunikezelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka umzimba omnye komnye. ngokutsha inkqubo nelawula ngaphambi ukufunda yayo yegosa abanobuchule. Kuye amandla ukuqaphela ukuba ingxelo kwakungekho sizathu ukuba iyiqwalasele le isigqibo. Oku kulandela ngqo ukuba isibakala besikhalazo sibhalwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezisemthethweni, loo nto ayithethi ukuba kuza kuqaliswa kubuyekezwa.

imithetho jikelele

ngokutsha nelawula ithetha isakhelo ixesha elithile lokusingatha izikhalazo kunye nomelo. nokuzimisela kwabo ukuthintela ukulibaziseka isigqibo. Igunya nelawula uza kuqwalasela isicelo kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Ngeli xesha, kuquka ixesha zokwamkelwa isenzo efanelekileyo. Ixesha, umhla kunye nendawo lenkqubo esomphathi, inkundla iya azise amaqela ethubeni. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa nxaxheba zoshishino amalungelo abo. Kufuneka wathi CPC ayiboneleli isaziso ummangalelwa yoluntu yommangali, umtshutshisi abucala, kwakunye nabameli babo. Ngelo xesha, iimfuno zabo bachatshazelwa yi-zikhalazo zifunyenweyo.

Ingxelo ngokusetyenziswa

Njengenxalenye yale kubuyekezwa abaziisuphavayiza kwi kwinqanaba lokuqala izinto zokuqala yelungu Elawulayo, livunyelwe ityala okanye elinye igosa zange inxaxheba ekuqaleni kwiinkqubo. Ngokutsho Article 407 (4) loMgaqo-CPC, ingxelo iquka isishwankathelo iimeko, umgwebo umxholo, isigqibo / ukuzimisela isizathu isikhalazo, senze ngokutsha ekuqaleni. Kukholelwa ukuba xa igosa akenzi njengamalungu Bureau inxaxheba ezingxoxweni, kodwa kungekhona inxalenye lokongamela enkundleni, kufuneka banikwe ithuba lokuba athethe ityala hayi kuphela kwingxelo, kodwa emva kokuba isenzo inxalenye. Phambi kokuqala Inqanaba lokugqibela le, apho isigqibo siya kuthathwa kwimfaneleko, lo Iingxelo kufuneka baveze izimvo zabo kwizithuba zamaqela, izinto ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo aye thaca kule ntlanganiso. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukubuzwa imibuzo.

bokuqonda

Emva kokuba intetho yokugqibela isithethi ezinikwa umtshutshisi. Ngokuka Sec. 6 Code of Criminal Procedure, ukuba izenzo ezisemthethweni kotshutshiso. Kuloo ntlanganiso, kuyafuneka ukuba luthathele ingqalelo ukuba umtshutshisi woluntu ngenxa Inqaku le-11 (ch. 1, 2) unyanzelekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba amalungelo abachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa nexhoba kunye umtyholwa / umrhanelwa. Eminye imiba yenkqubo, ukuba ilungelo lwezikhalazo, nto abanalo ikhono ukuxhasa kuye. Kodwa ke ixhoba, elabanjwa kunye nabanye abantu abakwaziyo ukunika ingcaciso zabo ngomlomo emva kokuba umtshutshisi uya kwenza. Oku negalelo kubekho ukugwetyelwa zesikhalazo, lo refutation wempikiswano zezinye nxaxheba.

A ukuzimisela

Ukukhetha Izikhalazo ezenziwe emva kwengxoxo ngamagosa ngokufumaneka izizathu utshintsho okanye ukurhoxiswa ngesigqibo ethe yavavanywa inkqubo okugada. Ebekwe nguMthetho kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno kwiSiqendu 388 of the CPC. Ingcaciso esityikitywe ngawo onke amalungu isigqibo senkundla - usihlalo wale ntlanganiso. Isigqibo ukutshintsha / ukurhoxiswa weza ukusebenza kunye nokwenza obuvunyiweyo kwenziwa sisininzi. Kwimeko iivoti zilingana, isikhalazo / wokungeniswa kuya kuthathwa ukuba ichithiwe.

izifundo zomthetho

Umthetho ithintela ngokucacileyo inani labantu abaye banethuba ukuthumela isibheno okugada. Ezi zifundo ziquka:

1. Umsolwa / ummangalelwa.
2. Gwe.
3. Ngecala.
4. Ixhoba.
5. Defenders / abameli kwezomthetho amaqela.

Umtshutshisi unelungelo lokuba azise umsebenzi okugada. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, lo mthetho ngaphandle ngabalawulwa zomthetho civil transponder kunye kummangali. Kulo mzekelo, i-Criminal Procedure Code ivumela kokungeniswa kwezicelo inxaxheba kwintlanganiso yenkundla okugada.

Ezifunwa ngumthetho

Zokugada ukumelwa / isikhalazo kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno nemimiselo. Iimfuno ziyafana nezo zinikwe isicelo sesibheno. nemiphumela licaciswe leyo kuvela xa non-ukuhambelana nezibonelelo kuwiso-mthetho. Ukuziqhelisa, iinkundla zisebenza kwiimeko ezinjalo nemimiselo yeSiqendu 375 of the CPC ngu mzekeliso.

Isakhiwo izikhalazo

Njengoko isifundo izenzo ezingekho mthethweni, ayinabulungisa, isigqibo boko wangena force. Xa ufaka isikhalazo sakho kufuneka ukhankanye iinkcukacha mandatory ezilungiselelwe olu hlobo xwebhu. Esi sicelo kufuneka ibhekiswe abanolwazi nokujongisisa isenzo umngeni igunya. Umthetho ufuna ukuba ukulandelelana-sicelo. Ngokukodwa, isibheno abaziisuphavayiza ukuchasana nesigqibo senkundla yesithili ayikwazi mayithunyelwe College of omkhosi, ngokudlulisela Elawulayo wenkundla yenqila. Lo mgaqo, ngokutsho normotvortsev onceda-sicelo. Kwimeko ukwaliwa isikhalazo kwinkundla yamatyala, ukuze isicelo awongamileyo kwimihlaba efanayo. Kulo mzekelo, isihloko unako ukubhena kwaye isigwebo, kunye nokuzimisela.

Idla nesibheno

Kunye nesicelo umntu ochaphazelekayo uya kubonelela iikopi (isigwebo) isigqibo ukuba ziqwalaselwe, amacala (Ephakamileyo) wenkcazelo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, abeka kunye namanye amaxwebhu leyo, ngokutsho ummangali, ukuqinisekisile iingxoxo echazwe kubo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba sithi certiorari akujongwa inkqubo mandatory. Ukwenza isigqibo negunya zokusuphavayiza enokwenziwa ngokusekelwe izinto ezifunyenwe sicelo.

Nakwenzeka ukwenyuka

mthetho ebisebenza ngaphambili akazange avumele ngokutsha enetyala, ozimisele iinkqubo zokusuphavayiza ngokunxulumene nemfuneko ukusebenzisa imithetho kwi isenzo esibi, ngenxa ukuthamba ngesohlwayo singabalelwa kunye nezinye izizathu ezinokuba negalelo notshintsho imeko babi. I yomntu Sun Ndiwise № 6 ukusuka 05.12.1978, inkcazelo enikwe kulo mba. Ngokukodwa, kwisenzo base ifakiwe yezimo lo mntu. Ezi ziquka imiba enxulumene:

1. Isicelo somthetho loxolelo.
2. Non-ukuqatshelwa izenzo ngumdlwenguli of ukuphinda uphawu ingakumbi yingozi.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kokuhlala lokubulawa isohlwayo okanye ukwaliwa izimvo malunga bupheliswe.
4. Calculus isigwebo.
5. Ebekwe kwi ingqawule umoni okanye ukutshintshwa isohlwayo ivumele zamva.
6. Ibhukuqwe.
7. Inkululeko ekubeni afumane isohlwayo.

Iimeko apho mandundu imeko zesifundo, nabo ukuvuma ityala kwi sobalo awusebenzeleyo ongenamlibo isohlwayo, ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle zokuthomalalisa izinto yesivakalisi, njalo njalo azamkelekanga njenge isiba mandundu kuphelisa iimpazamo izibalo kunye misprints ezicacileyo kunye okubhala .. Isithintelo kwi kukwehla isifundo kwamagatya isicelo izigqibo iziganeko lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, kwakunye izigqibo ezithathwe ngokomyalelo okugada.