Ngoku zombane kule semiconductors

ngoku zombane e semiconductors - ngqo ukuhamba imingxunya kunye elektroni, leyo kuchatshazelwa yi endle yombane.

Ngenxa amalinge, wawuqhutywa ukuba ngoku yombane semiconductors into ezingahambi ukutshintshwa lomba - ke musa zibandakanya naluphi na utshintsho imichiza. Ngenxa yoko, abathwali, electron ukuba kuqwalaselwa semiconductors.

Ukukwazi kwezinto zenze kuyo Umbane kumiselwa liSebe eli conductivity ethile. Ngu esi salathisi abaqhubi abahlala kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi abaqhubi kunye insulators. Semiconductors - ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo yezimbiwa, izinto ezithile zesinyithi, sulfides zesinyithi, njl yangoku yombane semiconductors kuvela lwee- elektroni yamahala ungahambisa directionally ngayo into. Ukuthelekisa isinyithi kunye nezinikezeli, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi ubushushu wanefuthe conductivity lwabo. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo kukhokelela ekuncipheni kwe conductivity zesinyithi. Xa semiconductors iyakhula izinga Uhanjiso. Ukuba semiconductor ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, isindululo of elektroni ezamahala iya kuba ngqiqweni ngakumbi. Oku kubangelwa kukwanda kwenani zingenzi ngozi. Nangona kunjalo, xa semiconductors xa kuthelekiswa kunye nesinyithi, oko linokunyuswa kakhulu uboniso kwanokuxinana electron simahla. Ezi zinto zibe nomphumela kwi conductivity: i yangqubana ngakumbi, lo ezincane conductivity, kokukhona xiyimiso, kungona kuba. Xa nesinyithi, akukho uxhomekeko phakathi lobushushu kunye lwee- elektroni ezamahala, kangangokuba ukutshintsha conductivity ne lobushushu ukwandisa kunciphisa kuphela ithuba kukho isindululo oda electron simahla. Yona ke semiconductor, isiphumo ukubonisa yokwandisa izinga. Ngenxa yoko, iqondo lobushushu ukunyuka uya kuba mkhulu, kokukhona conductivity.

Kukho unxulumano phakathi intshukumo abathwali kwaye ibinzana ezifana yangoku yombane semiconductors. Xa semiconductors, ubaqononondise abathwali luphawulwa imbonakalo yezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuzo lobushushu ebaluleke nokucoceka mbandela. semiconductors Purity zahlulwe zibe extrinsic kunye naleyo.

Ke ukuba umqhubi yayo, ifuthe ubumdaka kwiqondo elithile mayingabi kubalulekile kubo. Ekubeni umsantsa band of semiconductors esezantsi, ngendlela semiconductor okunexabiso, xa ubushushu ifikelela zero ngokupheleleyo, kukho ukugcwaliswa epheleleyo electron Valence. Kodwa Uhanjiso band ukhululekile ngokupheleleyo: akukho Unikezelo lombane, kwaye esebenza njenge yokwambathisa efanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaqondo obushushu, kukho kungenzeka ukuba ukuhla nokunyuka wobushushu ye electron ezithile nga onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo enokubakho kwaye kubonakala Uhanjiso band.

ukusebenza Thomson

Umgaqo ukusebenza Thomson thermoelectric xa yangoku yombane semiconductors, kunye apho kukho ithambeka ubushushu kubo, ngaphandle release ubushushu esiyijowule okanye nokufunxwa izixa ngakumbi ubushushu liya kwenzeka, ngokuxhomekeke indlela kuya kumpompoza ngoku ngayo.

iyunifomu Ukunqongophala ndlovu ubushushu, ukuba isakhiwo yohlobo olunye kuchaphazela iimpawu zayo, apho izinto iba non-uniform. Ngoko ke, lo isiphumo Thomson yi zesiganeko esithile Peltier. Umahluko kuphela kukuba non-imichiza ukwakhiwa ezahlukeneyo bebekwisampulu, yaye iqondo lobushushu ngokuphuma le ukungafani kobuhlanga.