Ngezibongo Georgian: imithetho lolwakhiwo declination imizekelo

Phakathi kwabanye ingqalelo iifani Georgian ngokulula ngokwaneleyo. Bona azakubalulwa lesakhiwo uphawu kwaye, kakade, isiphelo odumileyo. Iintsapho fomu kokudibana iinxalenye ezimbini: ingcambu kunye nesiphelo (nesimamva). Umzekelo, kakuhle eyazi umntu isifundo bangacela lula ukubona apho kwindawo eziqhelekileyo okanye ifani Georgian.

imvelaphi

lwabhalwa imbali lizwe umva zeminyaka emininzi. Kumaxesha amandulo ukuba akukho gama, kunye Georgia yahlukana zibe kwimimandla 2: Colchis (owasentshona) kunye Iberia (empuma). Last elide basebenzisana kunye nabamelwane zayo - Iran kunye Syria - kwaye phantse akazange uqhagamshelane ne eGrisi. Ukuba kwinkulungwane V yaseGeorgia bamkela ubuKristu, ngoko yi XIII sithetha ngayo njengelizwe enamandla kunye unxibelelwano ethembekileyo kunye kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu kunye East.

imbali kwilizwe lethu buzane nomzabalazo ulongamo, kodwa, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki, abantu baye bakwazi ukudala inkcubeko yabo kunye namasiko.

Kukholelwa ukuba amagama langoku Georgian Kufuneka iphele ngo "dze", yaye bavela kwimeko umzali. Kodwa umntu enegama eligcina ngo "-shvili" (in Georgian - "nyana"), kunganxulunyaniswa uluhlu abo bangenalo iingcambu Kartvelian.

Ukuba interlocutor igama generic iphela abantu "-ani" Ndiyazi ukuba phambi kwabo - ummeli lentsapho amanene. Hi ndlela leyi, Armenia abe isimamva igama efanayo, kodwa kuvakala ngathi "-uni".

ngezibongo Georgian (sobudoda) ophela nge "-ya" yaye "-ia", Mingrelian ineengcambu. Kukho abaninzi izimamva ezinjalo, kodwa ngoku zisetyenziswa kunqabile.

Uluhlu lwamagama ezithandwayo ngokwengingqi

Njengalo okanye hayi, kodwa baseGeorgia ezijongwa ifani zixhaphakileyo eziphela "dze" "-shvili" kunye. Kwaye ke lokugqibela nesimamva ixhaphakileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abane igama eziphela "dze", inokufumaneka e Imereti, Guria kunye Adjara. Kodwa kummandla okwimpuma phantse namnye.

Okwangoku, amagama kwi "dze" anconywa ukuba ahlobene ubudala, ngokulandelelana, "-shvili" - le mihla nabaselula. Yakutshanje (suffix kwakhona eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "ukuzalwa") ezisasazwa kwi Kakheti kunye Kartli (iingingqi okwimpuma yeli lizwe).

Intsingiselo yamagama athile

Iqela elikhethekileyo amagama afana kweno ukuvalwa ilandelayo:

• -eti;
• -ati;
• -iti;
• -eli.

Umzekelo, Rustaveli, Tsereteli. Kwakhona kuluhlu lwe ifani ixhaphakileyo eGeorgia iquka Hvarbeti, Cheenath kunye Dzimiti.

Elinye iqela iqulathe amagama aphela ngo "-ani": Dadian, Chikovani, Ahvelidiani. Kukholelwa ukuba iingcambu bangamalungu abalawuli migrelskim eyaziwa.

okuxhaphaka ezisezantsi babe iifani eziphelange:

• -uli;
• -uri;
• -iya;
• -ava;
• Star;
• -ya.

Hi ndlela leyi, abaninzi abadumileyo, star: Okudzhava, Danelia kunye nabanye.

Oku kugqalwa Umzekelo engaqhelekanga isimamva '-nti "kunye Chansk okanye nabangane imvelaphi. Ngokomzekelo, Glonti. Ezi ke ziquka igama, wabandakanyeka equlathe isimaphambili "esasiza" igama msebenzi.

Iguqulwe ukusuka nodivan Persian - "advice" kunye Mdivani lithetha "umbhali", Mebuke - "Bugler" kunye Menabde - "burkas lemveliso". Umdla inkulu igama Amilakhvari. Nge imvelaphi Persian, oko limela bessufiksalnoe ukwakheka.

isakhiwo

ngezibongo Georgian zisekelwe kwimigaqo ethile. Ngexesha nobhaptizo usana olusanda kuzalwa ngayo yesitshixo sele inikezelwe igama. Uninzi amagama iqala kunye naye, yaye kuye isimamva eyimfuneko yongezwe kamva. Umzekelo, Nikoladze Tamaridze, okanye Matiashvili Davitashvili. Imizekelo ezinjalo kakhulu inani.

Kodwa kukho kwakhona amagama ezithathwe amagama Muslim (ubukhulu becala Persian). Umzekelo, ukuhlola iingcambu usapho Japaridze. Bamnika ngokuphuma yande Muslim ogama Jafar. Iguqulwe ukusuka dzapar Persian - "ngunoposi".

Lidla iifani Georgian zifakwe kwindawo ethile. Eneneni, ngokufuthi wokuqala abathwali kwabo wema kwimvelaphi yentsapho njengenkosana. Ukuba zibandakanya Tsereteli. Eli gama lisuka kwigama le lali kunye Wozisibekekisa igama elifanayo Tseretó elime kule ngingqi kumantla Zemo.

Russification kwezinye ifani Georgian

Nangona yindibaniselwano elide engaqhelekanga ngoonobumba nezandi, iifani Georgian, eyangena Ezolimi Russian (ngakumbi, onomastics), hayi zonakaliswa. Kodwa ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunqabile, kukho iimeko apho kukho Russification: Muskhelishvili lwaba Muskheli.

Amanye amagama abo uncharacteristic ukuba isimamva Georgian: -ev, ababhinqileyo kunye -ukuze. Umzekelo, Panulidzev okanye Sulakadzev.

Kwakhona, xa Russification yamagama athile kwi "shvili" rhoqo kukho ukwehla. Ngenxa yoko, Avalishvili lujika lube Aval Baratov - Baratashvili Sumbatashvili - Sumbatov njalo Ungatsalela ezinye iinketho basebaninzi ukuba asetyenziswe ukuthatha phezu Russian ...

ngezibongo Declination Georgian

Declinability okanye nesklonyaemost ixhomekeka kwifomu apho ukuba kuthathwe. Ngokomzekelo, igama eziphela -iya - declinability, kunye -ia - akukho.

Kodwa namhlanje, isakhelo nzima ngokuphathelele kulo declination lamagama ayikho. Nangona lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe imithetho-3, njengoko apho kuncipha akwenzeki:

1. uhlobo Male iyafana imazi.
2. Igama lokugqibela eligcina ngo kwezandi zezikhamiso unstressed (-a -s).
3. Kuye izimamva -ia, -iya.

Kuphela kwezi meko zintathu, igama ndoda nankazana abawuthobeli ukwehla. Imizekelo: Garcia Heredia.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lenze amagama engathandekiyo kunye -n ophela. Masithi kukho umntu Georgiya Gurtskaya, wafumana uxwebhu, apho kubhaliwe kwathiwa: "ummi abadumileyo Georgiyu Gurtskomu". Ngoko, kwenzeka, igama lomntu - Gurtskaya, nto leyo kakhulu okufana Georgia, yaye igama ithe ayaba nasongo.

Ngenxa yoko, abantu abazaziyo iilwimi ukucebisa ukuba beyiseke iifani Georgian nokucebisa ukupela isiphelo. Kukho iimeko xa ufaka amaphepha kwabakho utshintsho loonobumba ekupheleni. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuba ukubhala Gulia Gulia, yaye eli gama akunanto yakwenza eGeorgia nto.

Ukuthandwa amagama amanani

Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu apho ziboniswa iziphelo yeyona ixhaphakileyo iifani Georgian. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha kwaye ufumanise ukuba ziziphi kwiingingqi ke common kakhulu.

-shvili End kunye dze kwi iifani (Georgian)

Okwangoku, abantu abazaziyo iilwimi bahlule 13 izimamva eziphambili. Kwiindawo ezininzi, kukho ukwanda kakhulu ngamagama evela dze, Oko kuthetha "unyana". Umzekelo, Kebadze, Gogitidze, Shevardnadze. Ngokutsho izibalo 1997 kunye negama lokugqibela ophela waye 1.649.222 abahlali eGeorgia.

Indawo yesibini ovame ithatha isimamva -shvili (Kululashvili, Peikrishvili, Elerdashvili), bona bubonakala, "umntwana" "umntwana" okanye "ka". Njengoko ka-1997, kwakukho malunga nama-1.303.723 amagama kunye nale nesiphelo. ukwanda Greater bafumene kwimimandla Kartli kunye Kakheti.