Le khemikhali formula ozone. Ozone ifomula kwesakhiwo

High phezu kweentloko zethu, kwi stratosphere kwintaba ephakame 19-48 km le planethi singqongwe ozone. It is a uhlobo oksijini. Ukuba molecule ioksijini emoyeni iquka athom ezimbini oxygen akumanyileyo - O2, imolekyuli oko kukuthi athom ezintathu ozone fomula eyenzelwe - O3. Oku kubanga kwelanga. Xa yelanga eyingozi ukusuka ilanga idlula emoyeni, konakalisa iimolekyuli eziqhelekileyo diatomic kwe-oksijini. ingaphezulu nganye ekhulula enokubangelwa O2 ezikufutshane. Ikwazibalula ifomula imichiza Kwezinto Eziphelisa i - O3.

Yintoni ozone?

Ivuliwe okokuqala le Fabry igesi zesayensi isiFrentshi kunye Bruisson. Kubo ngowe-1913, kwakugqitywa kwelokuba kwimitha yelanga ukuba ngamaza 200 ukuya 300 NM ngenkuthalo wendele Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Igama elithi "ozone" ngesiGrike lithetha "ivumba elimnandi", "elimnandi". Wonke umntu uyazi ivumba uphawu kwegesi, ezenzeka emva kokuba uqhwithela. Le oksijini ngoku emoyeni ngeendlela ezintathu allotropic: O2 - eziphilayo, O - atomic O3 - formula ozone efunyanwa intlanganisela eekhemikhali ezimbini zokuqala.

neempawu zerhasi

Umaleko ozone ibhityile ngokwaneleyo, phantse imperceptible. Ukuba yonke molecule le gesi, leyo abahlala 29 km indawo, bamanyene sphere enye eqinileyo, nezinyuko zayo beyoba kuphela sesithathu isentimitha. A ubungakanani ozone emoyeni ngaphezu komhlaba Yomhlaba. Xa yemoto iigesi okanye bakwazi zeemoto ekukhutshelwe emoyeni, kwelanga idityaniswe imichiza ungcoliseko, yenza ozone. Kakhulu waziva ngemini eshushu, umoya uzaliswe ngumsi, kuba ufikelela amanqanaba esisoyikiso yempilo. into Formula ozone iyahlozinga emzimbeni, yaye xa eyavela umoya of edubulayo gas ngaphezu kwe-9%, ngoko yokugcina yayo kunokwenzeka kuphela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Emva okupholisa ku ⁰ C -111,9 igesi aguqulwa abe lulwelo.

ozone kwemfuneko

Umntu akakwazi kuhlala ioksijini esulungekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba imali encinane Kwezinto Eziphelisa kwimeko-bume, kodwa ingqalelo ngokugqithisileyo kunokuba iyabulala. Uphefumlela akukho kuyimfuneko, ngokuba le fomu oksijini kunokonakalisa emiphungeni. Iimbaleki abasezela isixa esikhulu womoya okroqiweyo ozone usenokukhalaza sandla intlungu ngexesha inhalation. Imithi nezityalo ezikhula ecaleni emendweni, apho umoya ugcwele exhaust fumes, kakhulu, ukuba baphathwe agqithisile ozone. Olu phawu igesi ngaphezu komhlaba. Elemental imixholo yawo (enye inxalenye yayo amashumi ezigidi amalungu nezinye emoyeni) ebandakanyekileyo kwiinkqubo oxidative ukuba zenzeke kwinqanaba yeselula emzimbeni womntu. Xa formula ozone lisebenza njenge-arhente oxidizing enye kuphela ioksijini atom kunye amabini aseleyo kwabiwa ngohlobo mpilo.

izakhiwo eziluncedo

Xa isicelo ye air nyulu ngokupheleleyo olusendlwini, abaphengululi waphawula inani ngezifo ezikwezo zinto. Isizathu yayilula - ukungabikho Kwezinto Eziphelisa emoyeni okuhlamba kukhokelele uqhushululu apha emzimbeni. ngeedosi rhoqo ezincinane egesi luncedo zokuthintela izifo.

Yintoni na isiphumo gas? Xa sijonga iziphumo zezi amalinge, izazinzulu ziye zagqiba ukuba ozone kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni phantse zonke ezikhoyo yobume iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, lenyama, nokuvunda kwaye nagwele ngundo. Phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa inxalenye encinane (formula ozone O3) xa selitha umoya etshabalalisa bonke ayingozi ebantwini. Emva ozonation - inkqubo zendalo ezifanayo emzimbeni. Nokuba sele igumbi ozone freshens umoya kakhulu kususa ingozi yokusuleleka zizifo, endibafuduse yi amachaphaza ze, ithibaza umsi, uthuli kunye nomzimba, izinyithi enzima kunye nezinye eziyingozi amacandelo umoya yabantu. Ukubola amanzi, ioksijini kunye carbon dioxide, ezi zihlanganisi baphelelwe zinetyhefu zabo, amavumba angazithandiyo ziyasuswa. Ngenxa ozone ifomula chemistry, ukukwazi yayo igcwala aphezulu asetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa kweentsholongwane umoya namanzi wondinika ngemali ndisele.

Layer kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-20 ngaphezu komhlaba koMhlaba, enyanisweni, ukhusela impilo yethu elenza yelanga eyingozi. Oku kukwasebenza kwakhona icebo lokucoca ulwelo, ukukhusela Umhlaba kwimitha yelanga eyingozi. Ngaphandle ubomi umaleko olukhuselayo kwi planethi akunakwenzeka. Kwakungqina ukuba ubomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ukuvela eMhlabeni kuphela xa kwakhiwa ikhaka enamandla ziluvingcile ngayo kwimitha elanga. Eyingozi ukukhanya kunceda ulusu ukuze afumane tan entle, kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, nguye ngumtyholwa esingundoqo tikaka kwaye ibangele nomhlaza wesikhumba.

Le ozone hole

Kwiminyaka oosonzululwazi 70 ukufunda ozone phezu emhlabeni, wafumanisa ukuba imichiza ezisetyenziswa iifriji, izimiso umoya ulwelo, unako ukutshabalalisa ozone. Gesi ufake umoya kwi isahlakalo yokulungisa nganye kwezi zixhobo okanye spray zetoti ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, iigesi eziyingozi, ekugqibeleni, zifike iimolekyuli ozone. Ngoko ukhulule radiation yelanga hydrocarbon yeKhlorini yeKhlorini-fluorine, elonakalisileyo ozone indlela kwesakhiwo, uyayiguqulela ibe ioksijini eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umaleko ukhuselo itshabalele. Nasemva kweminyaka eli-15, izazinzulu baseBritani benze bebone into eyothusayo: umngxuma omkhulu ozone phezu Antarctica ubekwe. Kulo mngxuma kubonakala yonke imithombo kwaye ufikelela ubukhulu malunga intsimi US. Xa utshintsho oya ngakulo umoya ngenxa utshintsho onyaka, una izaliswe iimolekyuli ozone kwakhona. Ngoko ke inani iimolekyuli ezalise umngxuma, njengoko kwezinye iindawo umaleko igesi iba thinner.

Yintoni esongela ukuncitshiswa umaleko olukhuselayo?

Ebusika 1992, i-ozone phezu eYurophu Canada sele aselula ngama-20%. Kwezo ndawo apho umaleko eshinyene imitha ngokwaneleyo kwaye womelele uyakwazi ukuyicoca kakhulu kakhulu kwandisa isixa nomhlaza wesikhumba. Ngentla Antarctica izazinzulu abhalwe amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu chlorine monoxide, oluthi luqokelelane yi ukutshatyalaliswa ozone chlorine. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ilahleko% 1 kuphela umaleko yokhuselo kukhokelela ekwandeni wadibana emhlabeni yemisebe yelanga kwi-2%, kunye nayo, 3-6% kwandisa isixa nomhlaza wesikhumba. ultraviolet radiation ibulala amajoni omzimba, isenza umntu ungakhuseleki kusulelo. Eyingozi ukukhanya ukonakalisa iiseli zonke izityalo, ukususela zengca imithi.

Ekubeni ozone ubamba lakubalela, xa lehla umoya kule inkululeko iphela ukutshintsha imimoya imozulu ehlabathini lonke. Kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba ifuthe umaleko ngokuncipha kwimozulu kwixesha elizayo, abaphandi ukuqikelela iindawo okusula zendalo, ukulahleka kwenxalenye kwezityalo mali engonelanga ukutya ukuba ingxaki wentshabalalo ze gesi iyatyhilwa. Nokuba ekupheleni kwemisebenzi babantu nesiphumo ezikhutshwayo ukuba kutshabalalisa umaleko yokhuselo, bekuya kuthatha ubuncinane 100 s ukuba Ukubuyela kumgangatho yangaphambili.