Yintoni na uhlanga; ukukhangelwa kwenkcazo

Xa historiosophy eSoviet kunye ubuhle, kukho loo elide njengoko lobuhlanga. Le asinto igama ocacile ukuba ufuna ukucaciselwa nangakumbi kunye definition. Inyaniso yokuba olu hlanga nendlela ukuba baphuhlise ulwazi kwekota kwihlabathi kwizifundo, siza kuxubusha ngezantsi.

I okuqala

Kukholelwa ukuba igama elithi "uhlanga" kuqala lisetyenziswa kwi leta P. Vyazemsky, wabhala, njengoko e Warsaw, A. Turgenev. Eyadini kwakunjalo ngoko 1819. Ukususela ngoko, i-mpikiswano malunga nokuba uhlanga, ukuba ezingekapheli. Okokuqala, kumayelana imbali, kodwa bachaphazeleka kakhulu uncwadi kunye nezinye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu kunye nenzululwazi. Ngo-1832 kukho indlela odumileyo "Orthodox, lobuzwilakhe, Ubuzwe." Kwathi ngesandla ukukhanya Uvarov, yaqaphela ilizwi nomdla ekufundeni elinye lala macandelo eziphambili nefilosofi.

okuchithwa Socialist

Njengoko ingqiqo eceleni undiphe ngaxeshanye kunye nemisebenzi zobugcisa elide sangena formula ngokoqobo lwentlalo. Kwaba ngathi oku: ". Yembono, iqela, uhlanga" Kodwa kamva, yaye oku kuya kuthetha ngezantsi. Ngokubanzi, ngokufanayo de iinkcuba ngenkulungwane-yee-elinesithoba, ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni uhlanga, ukuchongwa amaninzi zifumaneka kwizintlu zikazwelonke. Ngoko ke, lo ingqiqo ka "hlanga" yaye "uhlanga" kaninzi kubonwa nye kunye interchangeable.

isiko Polish

Kodwa ke, ngaphandle ngasentla, ukuba kukho ezinye iinguqulelo, zombini ngaphakathi eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, Polish ezingoonombini igama narodowość besisetyenziswe amaxabiso ezimbini eceleni. Le yokuqala ife.Elona umoya yiEnlightenment kunye yesazisi iziqinisekiso ebantwini-karhulumente. Le yesibini ezinxulumene ngakumbi Romanticism kwaye ikwafaka ingqikelelo inkcubeko ngamnye yabantu.

enye Russian

ERashiya, kwakukho, nangona ezinqabileyo, impendulo enye ukuya lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na uhlanga?" Umzekelo, eli binzana njengesenzo ngumfuziselo eqhelekileyo ngubani abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi, ngokuchaseneyo wabanumzana ngokwasengqondweni kwaye wakhulela ngokuhambelana neendlela zaseNtshona.

Uphuhliso olulolunye phambi kokuba revolution

Ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokwenkcazelo yembali na uhlanga, sekuyinto ukufumana ubuzwe nkqu izandi ezincinane chauvinist. Ukuba phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye kancinane emva ngaphezu gama kufuneka iqondwe inkcazelo inkcubeko yemveli ngaphandle ngokubhekiselele ubuzwe, kule minyaka ngoko nangoko ngaphambi Revolution ka-1917, iphenjelelwa iingcamango lokusetyenziswa positivism lwe ulizwi lo umqondiso incasa embi nakwinkqubo. Kwaye oku ezingqondweni ngakumbi zahlanganiswa kunye nezimvo ubuzwe.

Ithuba Soviet

Yintoni na isizwe kwimbali yiSoviet Union, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuba okubhalwe kule gama izihlandlo eziliqela ngokupheleleyo aguqulwe ideology eSoviet. Ekuqaleni kulo ngokupheleleyo uza kumkhanyela njenge oyidingayo yookumkani. Eli gama uye mlonyeni kwakhona emva kowe-1934, xa kwi XVII Congress of the yamaBolshevik wabhengezwa ekupheleni umzabalazo kunye neendidi "Udidi" usinike indlela eya jikelele ngakumbi - "abantu Soviet". Ngako oko, endaweni uhlobo iklasi waqalisa ukuthetha ubuzwe. Ekupheleni kwale 30 ilizwi abe yinxalenye yobomi Soviet ngemihla kwaye iye yaba intsingiselo enamandla yembono ezifana ukuba naziphi na iinzame ukuze umngeni okanye ukwala ukuba waqonda njengoko umsebenzi anti-eSoviet. Kwelinye icala, kwakungekho inkcazelo ecacileyo, unako ngokukhethekileyo ucacise uloluphi uhlanga. Kule ncwadi, umzekelo, wabonisa phakathi kwezinye izinto ukuba ababhali ezifana Pushkin and Tolstoy, "wadala ebantwini," yaye oko njengokubonisa yesizwe. Umntu othile wathi ababhali va uhlanga nangona kwiklasi zabo. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuba eli gama lo ubusithelisayo lwentando esisiseko. ukuzimisela Resurfaced ezinomnyinyivane ubuzwe. Ngokomzekelo, ufumanise ukuba yintoni na uhlanga kunye nobuzwe, wazama Pospelov. Wabhala ukuba "isiqulatho kazwelonke njongo ngokuqhubekayo" kufuneka kuqondwe kule kota. Enye inguqulelo kwenkcazo isekelwe ukuzama yokuchonga aliphi yobuzwe iqela. Kodwa ke enye emva Stalin, enomahluko ngakumbi Kukuqonda eSoviet Union yi ubunguwe ngokobuzwe kulwalamano zawo Abantu.

Russia kwixesha post-Soviet

Udidi Uhlanga kwanobo iinkcuba kwixesha post-yiSoviet eRashiya. Kodwa ke, njengokuba kwakusoloko yiSoviet, phakathi kwabo akukho unanimity. Kwelinye icala, ukuba nokulinganisa uhlanga Orthodox uzama ukubuyisela ixabiso kwifomula ezaziwayo-kakuhle, efuna neNgonyama recovery. Kwelinye - uhlanga kukwanxulumene ukuba ubuzwe, ukuzoba umqondiso ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo. Ezi ntsingiselo zimbini ziyafana nye, oko kukuthi, ukuba postulate ukongama yoluntu, ngokubambiseneyo phezu ngamnye, phezu ngamnye. Le oyidingayo ngokufanayo zombini eSoviet kunye Imperial, kwaye kule mini nangoku qhubekeka.

Lysenko kwacetyiswa ukuba ingcaciso njongo ngakumbi uloluphi uhlanga, iya kunikwa kwixesha elizayo, njengoko eli gama Qinisekisa ukuba ahlale njenge ingcamango-udidi kunye yinxalenye elizayo, kuphela ukuqalisa ukwenza ngcinga karhulumente. Namhlanje, ngokwembono yakhe, oko yaye kufuneka kuphela definition enemiqathango kakhulu kwaye ngokungacacanga nobuzwe njengoko konke-Russian. Sekunjalo, lo mainstream na kwizizwe ulwalamano enobuchwepheshe, apho collectivist "thina" lowo uyawongamela loo mntu "I".