Ngawaphi amasebe bohlulwa Slavic izizwe? abantu bamandulo mihla Slavic

Nokuxubana namhlanje - Yeyona ethno-kweelwimi umphakathi omkhulu eYurophu. Bona bahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu kwaye abantu malunga 300-350 million. Kweli nqaku siza sijonga abantu baseMpumalanga oko yahlulwe amasebe, makhe sithethe ngembali ukubunjwa sabo nokwahlukana. Kwakhona touch encinane langoku ixesha ukusasazeka Slavic inkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zonqulo, nto leyo ngqo izizwe kwikhosi nophuhliso yayo kunye nokwenziwa kwanokuchithwa.

Mbono imvelaphi

Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza kukhangela ukuba amasebe bohlulwa iintlanga Slavic. Kodwa ngoku ukuba uqonde ukuba, ukusuka apho eli qela uhlanga.

Ngoko ke, ngokutsho chroniclers kumaxesha, abantu bethu bavela kukhokho eqhelekileyo. Baba noYafete, unyana kaNowa. Eli nani, ngokutsho yemihla, Wabunikela ubomi ngokwezizwe ezifana amaMedi, amaSarmatia, amaSkitiya, Thracians, Illyrians, nokuxubana, British kunye nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu.

I-Arabhu wayesazi nokuxubana, njengenxalenye yoluntu kwezizwe entshonalanga, ezaziquka Turks, Ugric kunye nokuxubana kwiMpuma Yurophu. iirekhodi zabo emkhosini, ababhali-mbali lwesikhombiso yeMetro kunye elithi "Sakaliba". Kamva ke bafika ukubizwa baqhweshileyo umkhosi yaseByzantium ongenzanga Islam.

AmaGrike amandulo namaRoma ngokuba nokuxubana "sklaviny" uze ubalise ukuba omnye kwizizwe zamaSkitiya - Scoloti. Ngamanye amaxesha babambane ethnonyms Wends kunye nokuxubana.

Ngaloo ndlela amasebe amathathu iintlanga Slavic, ejikeleza oboniswe ngezantsi, kumntu omnye. Kodwa kamva uphuhliso lwabo diverged kakhulu ngenxa yokuba indawo enkulu zokuhlala kunye nempembelelo neenkcubeko ezikufuphi kunye neenkolelo.

Le nto ke iya kuthetha ngakumbi.

History of yokuhlala

Kamva ke uya kwenza ngokwahlukileyo ukuze iqela ngalinye zezizwe, kodwa ngoku kufuneka uqonde ukuba naliphi na isebe abantu baseMpumalanga zahlulwe nendlela inkqubo yokuhlaliswa.
Ngoko ke, okokuqala ngezi zizwe ekhankanywe yi UTacitus noPliny Omdala. Le mbali bamaRoma kwiingxelo zazo wathetha Wends ayakhe zindawo lweBaltic. Ngokutsho xesha ebomini yamanani zoluntu, i nokuxubana sikhona kakade ngenkulungwane yesibini.

Emva, owathetha yezi zizwe yagqabhuka Prokopiy Kesariysky , kunye Priscus, umbhali aseByzantium nofundiswayo. Kodwa ulwazi olupheleleyo, ezo zinxulumene doletopisnomu ixesha ziyafumaneka kwi-mbali Gothic kweYordan.

Angaxeli ukuba Sklave - kukho isizwe elizimeleyo, esemayo esuka Veneto. Xa imimandla kumntla Vistula River (Wisla yanamhlanje) yena ukhankanya "Abantu abaninzi Veneti", ezithi zahlulwe Por kunye sklavenov. Eyokuqala wahlala ecaleni Euxine ezikwelasePonto (Black Sea) ukusuka Danastra (Dniester) ukuya Danapra (Dnipro). Sklave uya kuhlala Noviodunum (Iskach isixeko iDanube) ukuya Danastra kunye Vistula emntla.

Ngoko, kwi AD ngenkulungwane yesithandathu, lusungulo nokuxubana - Sklave sele wahlala phezu amazwe Vistula kunye Dniester ukuya weDanube. chroniclers kamva ezahlukeneyo ziya ukubalula olubanzi kakhulu indawo yeentlawulo ezi zizwe. Layibetha emhlabeni kuMbindi Mpuma Yurophu.

Njani ukwahlula amasebe amathathu abantu baseMpumalanga? Iskim, leyo thina ocatshulwe ngasentla, ibonisa ukuba umzabalazo ukuya ngasemntla, emazantsi nasempuma.

Ekuqaleni, iintsapho athabatha iindlela zawo zabhekisa ngakwicala iBlack kunye eBaltic Seas. Nje eli xesha kwaye ochazwe mbali Gothic kweYordan. Okulandelayo kula mazwe ihlaselwe Avars yaye ukwahlula single indawo izizwe ngaphandle.

Kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini (ukusuka elesithandathu wesibhozo) bona bahlala eentaba olusempuma Alps kuwa phantsi umlawuli Justinian II. Sikwazi oku evela iimbekiselo kwi yemihla, elibhekisela iphulo umkhosi yaseByzantium ukuya Arabhu. Njengenxalenye yomkhosi kunye sklaviny ekubhekiselwe.

Ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, ezi zizwe zifike Balkan Peninsula emzantsi kumantla Lake Ladoga.

South nokuxubana

Le nokuxubana asentshona esemazantsi, njengoko sibona, kwasekwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni a yeMetro yezizwe ezahlulwe sisithuba Por, baya ukuya ngasempuma, kwicala oLwandle Omnyama kunye Dnieper. Kuphela ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, olu hlanga waqalisa ukuxazululwa Balkan Peninsula.

Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ezinye East and West Slavic izizwe bafudukela ekhangela lizwe intle emazantsi-ntshona ukuya kuLwandle lweAdriatic.

Ababhali-mbali ukwahlula la maqela alandelayo kulo imfuduko: Obodrits (yeziKronike zaseYurophu eyaziwa ngokuba predenitsenty) Severtsev (wayenelizwi northerners), yayingamaSerb, Croats nabanye. Ngokusisiseko, yeyona izizwe babehlala kunye indlela weDanube River.

Ngoko ke, lo yamandulo Slavic izizwe zibe namandla ukuba kufakwe iqela elincinane bendawo kamva kwiiBalkans kunye eAdriya ukuseka urhulumente.

Kodwa ke intshukumo emazantsi-ntshona kwakukho iphulo ngexesha elinye. ukunikezelwa Various bafuduka Velocity yayo hayi kakhulu kwicala elinye. Ngoko ke, abaphengululi ezichongiweyo amaqela amathathu, leyo kwasekwa ngexesha imfuduko kumntla-ntshona (kulo kwixesha elizayo Obumbe Slovenes), empuma (i Bulgarians mihla kunye abelaseMakedoni) nasentshonalanga (Croats nama).

izizwe Western

Izinyanya efanayo yabantu Slavic, nkqu amaRoma ayesazi njani wends ekuqaleni belimiwe emazweni Poland mihla ngenxalenye eJamani. Kamva kulo mmandla kwasekwa iqela elikhulu zezizwe.

Wawuquka umhlaba iElbe ukuya oder kwaye ukusuka kwiBaltic ukuya Ore etintshaveni. Abaphandi wabelane ngoku kumazwe ngokwamaqela amathathu ukuya kwindawo abahlala kuyo.

izizwe Northwest babebizwa bodrichi (reregi kunye Obodrits), South - Sorbs (Kwakhona, uquka inxalenye eSerbia) kunye neqela central - lutici (okanye Veleta). amazwe amathathu abakhankanywe ekuqaleni imifela nobuzwe. Ngamanye amaxesha ngokwahlukeneyo athi malunga uluntu yesine. Amalungu ayo ababezibiza Pomerania waza wahlala phezu kunxweme lweBaltic.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, ngenxa yokufuduka ye Polabian nokuxubana kumazwe izé wabumba Polish, Silesian, Czech, nezizwe pomoryanskie lehitskie.

Ngoko ke, lo nokuxubana asentshona esemazantsi zahluke ukuba yamandulo ekuqaleni zemveli kule ndawo, lafika yesibini ukusuka iDanube ukuya kunxweme lweAdriatic.

East nokuxubana

Ngokutsho yeziKronike basentshona Yurophu, umsebenzi-mbali waseRoma uBukhosi kunye nemisebenzi yaseByzantium, ummandla eMpuma nokuxubana wayesoloko ngamazinga kunye nemibutho yezizwe Por.

Njengoko sisazi ukususela ubungqina mbali Gothic kweYordan, bahlala nomhlaba ongasempumalanga kwiiNtaba zeCarpath. Kwaye amaByzantine bathi indawo nokuhlaliswa zafikelela kunxweme Dnieper.

Kwizinto zakudala ziyangqinelana le mbono. Ukusuka yesibini ukuya kwinkulungwane yesine phakathi Dnieper kunye Dniester kukho ekuthiwa- Chernyakhovskaya inkcubeko.

Kamva indawo a Penkovskaya ngezakudala ekuhlaleni. Phakathi kwezi iinkcubeko kukho umsantsa kwiinkulungwane ezimbini, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba umsantsa okunjalo yi nokwenziwa izizwe ezithile kunye nabanye.

Ngoko ke, imvelaphi abantu baseMpumalanga yaba sisiphumo ukuba ukuyilwa authentic zoluntu ezinkulu eziliqela unxulumano yezizwe amancinci. chroniclers Kamva of Kievan Rus iza kubonelela amagama kula maqela: drevlyans evulekile, Dregovichi, vyatichi kunye nezinye izizwe.

Ngokutsho yemihla endala Russian, ngenxa amaqela indibaniselwano elinesihlanu yasempuma Slavic ibunjiwe namandla aphakathi lunamandla eKiev Russ.

Imeko yangoku

Ngoko ke, siza kuxoxa nawe ukuba amasebe bohlulwa iintlanga Slavic. Ukongeza, sathetha ngayo njani inkqubo ngokuqukunjelwa izizwe ukuya emazantsi nasempuma.

abantu baseMpumalanga Modern zahluke kancinane yookhokho babo ngqo. Xa zizonke iimpembelelo nenkcubeko kushicilelwa babo ngamaqela ezingabamelwane yobuhlanga, ngabahlaseli ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga.

Umzekelo, uninzi kwimimandla Russian Federation kunye kwintshona Ukraine, xa inxalenye Kievan Rus, namakhulu ambalwa phantsi Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Ngoko ke, ngo iziyelelane emininzi iquka zokuboleka ukusuka kwiilwimi eTurkey. Kwakhona eminye kwezihombo zemveli kunye nezithethe store kushicilelwa ngabacinezeli nenkcubeko.

South nokuxubana ubukhulu becala iphenjelelwa amaGrike baseTurkey. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kweli nqaku siza kufuneka uthethe ngezinto unqulo. Ngaphambili izizwe zobuhedeni namhlanje ababambelele eenkonzo ezahlukeneyo iicawa Abraham.

Ngokupheleleyo ukuba amasebe yahlulwe abantu baseMpumalanga, inzala ukuze uyazi, kodwa umthetho, elowo lula ukuqaphela "amanye countryman". South nokuxubana ngokwemveli ntsundu, yaye lwesigodi ukuba imigqomo phonemes ezithile ezikhethekileyo kule ngingqi. A isimo esifanayo kunye kwinzala nemibutho yezizwe eNtshona naseMpuma Koloni.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na namhlanje ilizwe waba likhaya namasebe ezahlukeneyo Slavic izizwe?

Isimo the South nokuxubana

abantu baseMpumalanga Modern bahlala kwiindawo enkulu eMpuma Central Yurophu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ehlabathi abameli babo ingafumaneka phantse naphi na ehlabathini. Kwaye ke inkalo nomqondo yethu kangangokuba emva kwexesha elifutshane abamelwane baqalisa ukuqonda ukuba iilwimi Slavic. Nokuxubana basoloko befuna ukubandakanya abasemzini, inkcubeko yawo, kunye encinane self-ukupha kule nkqubo nokwenziwa.

To Southern nokuxubana mihla ziquka eSlovenia yinkinga, abelaseMakedoni kwaye Bulgarians, Croats, AmaBosnia nama. Inkoliso yaba bantu abahlala kummandla ithi yabo kazwelonke, eziquka Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, eMakedoni, Slovenia, iMontenegro, Serbia kunye Croatia.

Loo nto eneneni kwintsimi ye Balkan Peninsula kunye emntla-mpuma yinxalenye lweAdriatic kunxweme.

South lenqaba Namhlanje iintlanga ngakumbi ukusuka ingcamango yokuba uluntu aba bantu, bangene usapho entsha ye-European Union. Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo kwakho iinzame ukudala lizwe eqhelekileyo elinabemi eyenziwa kuphela yaseMzantsi nokuxubana, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Ngelo xesha lithile wabizwa urhulumente lwaseYugoslavia.

Ngaphandle ithi amalungu esizwe eli sebe bezizwe Slavic, Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, elininzi ubomi eItali, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Greece kunye Moldova.

Country nokuxubana entshonalanga

Ekubeni ethnogeny abantu baseMpumalanga wathabatha becala indawo kuqala kwi kummandla Poland mihla iJamani, abameli zezizwe Western phantse singesuki emakhayeni abo.

Namhlanje inzala yabo abahlala ePoland, eJamani, Czech Republic naseSlovakia. Ngokwemveli, ethnologists ngabantu abahlanu, abo bamanywe kwisebe West Slavic. Pole, Czechs, Slovaks, kunye Sorbs Kashubes.

Amaqela ezintathu zokuqala uhlanga bahlala ikakhulu kumazwe kunye namagama ehambelana, kwaye ezimbini zokugqibela - kwezinye iindawo. Sorbs, eziquka ngaphezu Wendy lugii kunye sorbitol, ahlale eludakeni. Le ndawo yohlulwe amacala asentla nolusezantsi, apho zifumaneka Saxony kunye Brandenburg, ngokulandelelana kwazo.

Kashubes nabo bahlala kwilizwe eyaziwa ngokuba Kashubia. Oku kuyinxalenye mihla Polish yaBantu Republic. Ikomkhulu ongekho kule hlanga isixeko Kartuzy. Kwakhona, abameli ezininzi olu hlanga ifumaneka Gdynia.

Kashubia bazijonge iqela yobuhlanga, kodwa uqonde ukuba ubumi Polish. Phakathi kwayo, baye bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela, kuxhomekeka apho zihlala, iimpawu yesinxibo yesizwe, imisebenzi kunye neeyantlukwano yeklasi. Ngoko ke, ezinye zazo zaboryaki, parchanskaya iindwalutho, gbury, zentselo, gohi kunye namanye amaqela.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sinokuqiniseka ukuba uninzi lwabantu yasentshona Slavic njengoko amasiko kunokwenzeka igcinwe. Abanye babo bade sisaxakekile obuciko zemveli abathengisa, Noko ke, ngaphezu kokuba umdla kubakhenkethi.

amandla East lenqaba

Lo mmandla yanamhlanje nokuxubana empumalanga ibhekisela kumazwe afana ne-Russia, Ukraine Belarus. Namhlanje, la mazwe kunokuthiwa kuba Crossroads thuba. Phambi ezintlangeni zabo senze ukhetho: ukuhlala ntso iindlela zobomi, okanye yiya indlela abazalwana esemazantsi, ukuthatha amaxabiso Western.

Urhulumente-kanye enamandla - Kievan Rus ekugqibeleni similise kumazwe amathathu. Ngaba abunjwe malunga ubukumkani eMoscow Moscow, kwaye emva kokuba uBukhosi Russian. Kyïv united ezijikeleze ilizwe kwizizwe ezininzi ukusuka Carpathians ukuya Don. Kwaye Belarus kuye kwasekwa emahlathini Polesie. Ngokusekelwe igama intsimi, inxalenye enkulu yale lizwe umiwe kwinzala ka Polischuks kunye Pinchuk.

Inkolo amasebe ezahlukeneyo nokuxubana

Russian Federation, Ukraine kunye Belarus - ummandla mihla empuma nokuxubana. inkoliso yabantu Apha bobabo amaKristu Orthodox.

Enyanisweni, lufike esemthethweni asuka yobuhedeni kwenzeka kwinkulungwane yeshumi, xa Kiev Prince Vladimir Veliky wabhaptizwa Rus. Kodwa ngowe-1054 kwakukho kwahlukahlukana olukhulu kubuKristu, xa kwakukho Orthodox ezazinemidla kunye nokholo yamaKatolika. Eastern nezizwe kumzantsi-mpuma wahlala enyanisekile ukuba uMphathi eConstantinople, kwaye asentshona ntshona baba abaxhasi yamaRoma Katolika.

Kwindawo ethile kwimbali, amanye amaqela yaseMzantsi nokuxubana ukuya Islam. Oku kungenxa yokuba namazwe azo phantsi kwedyokhwe Ottoman. Ngokuba namanye Turks wenze okuninzi izinwe. Namhlanje amaSilamsi aba Gorani, Bosniaks, Pomaks, kunye mfumba Torbeshi.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli phepha siye safunda ethnogenesis bezizwe Slavic, kwaye kananjalo wathetha kwisahlulo yabo amasebe amathathu. Ukongeza, ukuba baqonde into kumazwe mihla kuba kummandla awayephantsi izizwe esemazantsi, empuma nasentshona.