N.G. Chernyshevsky, "Yintoni enokuyenza?": Uhlalutyo lwenveli

U-Nikolai Gavrilovich uChersheshevsky unomntu obalaseleyo kwiincwadi zesiRashiya. "Yintoni enokuyenza?" - inombolo apho abaninzi abantu badibanisa igama lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wefilosofi omkhulu, ugxeki kunye noxanduva lwentengiso wayengaphelelanga kumsebenzi omnye.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ikhonkco "uChernyshevsky /" Yintoni endiyenzayo? "" Wahlala ngokuqinile entloko yabafundi nabafundi. Ngombulelo kulo msebenzi, umbhali unokuthiwa ngumbono wokuqala wefilosofi waseRashiya-ongayifumani. Ngokwenkolelo, uChernyshevsky ngokwakhe wazibiza ngokuba ngu-democrat. Wazalelwa eSaratov, kwintsapho yomfundisi ohluphekileyo. Imfundo yeprayimari ifunyenwe ekhaya phantsi kolawulo lukayise. Emva koko wangena kwi-seminary ye-theological, kodwa kungekudala waqonda ukuba akazange azive ebizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi onjalo aze adluliselwe kwiYunivesithi yeSt. Petersburg, apho waqala ukufundisisa imbali, ifilosofi kunye ne-philology. Ngowe-1850, inzululwazi eselula yafumana iPhD. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqhubeka wawujoliswe ekukhuthazeni iingcamango eziguqukayo. "I-St. Petersburg Vedomosti", "Otechestvennye zapiski", "Sovremennik" - kunye nazo zonke ezi mpapasho, i-Chernyshevsky encinci yabambisana. "Yintoni enokuyenza?" - inombolo eya kumnika udumo - ibekho kuphela ngeengcamango ezingacacanga kunye nemifanekiso.

Ukubanjwa

Namhlanje kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukususela ngowe-1861 u-Nikolai Gavrilovich wayephantsi kweliso lokulinda ngepolisa yamfihlo. Akukho namnye wabantu bakhe abathandabuzayo ukuba wayebandakanyeke ngokubambisana ekuqulunqeni izibheno ezichasene noorhulumente kwaye kwaye kwabandakanyeka kwimililo edumile ye-1862 eSt. Petersburg. Ngomhla ka-Juni 12, umbhali wabanjwa waza wafakwa entolongweni yedwa kaPetros noPawulos. Njengomrhumo osemthethweni, waboniswa ngokubhaliweyo kwezibhengezo kwi "Bafesi abalimi". Isizathu sokubanjwa kwakukho ileta ethunyelwe kwamanye amazwe nguHerzen, apho uChernyshevsky ekhankanywe khona. "Yintoni enokuyenza?" - incwadana ebhalwe phantsi kwinqaba.

Ijehlwayo, ukuthunjwa, ukufa

Ngomhla ka-Februwari 7, 1864, umbhali wagwetywa: iminyaka eyisixhenxe yomsebenzi onzima, emva kokuhlala ixesha elide eSiberia. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 19, ukuqhutyelwa kombutho ka-Chernyshevsky kubanjwe kwiCarate Square. Amalungu entsapho kunye nabalandeli amaninzi ngamaxesha athile bafaka izikhalazo zokuxolela, kodwa ukubuyela kwe-revolutionary kuSaratov kwenzeka kuphela ngoJuni 1889. Ekwindla wadlula.

Chernyshevsky, "Yintoni enokuyenza": isishwankathelo somsebenzi

Incwadana ibhaliwe ngokukodwa njengengqungquthela kunye noTursenev "Oomama nabantwana". Ngokutsho kukaChernyshevsky ngokwakhe, wazibeka injongo yokuchaza "abantu abaqhelekileyo abahlala kwisizukulwana esitsha". Abalinganiswa abakhulu kule ncwadi bathathu: UVera Rosalskaya, uDmitry Lopukhov noAlexander Kirsanov. UVerochka uyintombi yomphathi. Umama onobukrakra nogwenxa uzimisele ukumnika intombazana ibe ngumtshato omhle, kodwa ubuhle obuhle nobukratshi bakhetha ukuthatha ingxaki ezandleni zakhe kwaye kwenza umtshato onenkohliso kunye nomfundi wezonyango uLolukhov. Ubomi babo bentsapho lwakhiwe kwimigaqo yokuhlonipha, ukulingana kunye nenkululeko. Ukholo luze luvule i-workshop yokuthunga-idolophu. Nangona kunjalo, ulonwabo aluhlali ixesha elide - umfazi osemncinci uthandana nomyeni wakhe omhle, uKirsanov. I-Dable Dmitry ayifuni ukuma endleleni yabo kwaye ihlekise ngokuzibulala (ukwenzela ukuba uVera angakwazi kwakhona ukutshata kwakhona), emva koko ahambe eMelika, apho afunda khona imveliso yoshishino. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ubuyela eRashiya phantsi kwegama elithile aze atshate uCatherine Catherinezova, intombi yombutho oshishino. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zombini iintsapho zixubana ngokukhawuleza, zifuna ukwakha "ubomi obutsha" bentlalo. Ngoko iphetha kwincwadi ethi "Yintoni ongayenza?". N. Chernyshevsky de ukuphela kobomi bakhe wahlala ethembekile kwiingcamango ezazishumayela kuyo.