Styrene: Indlela yingozi njani?

enemibala Styrene-ebizwa into elulwelo ukuba ivumba ethile ezinokubangela umonakalo kwimpilo yabantu. Okwangoku, phenylethylene, vinylbenzene kunye ethylene ezisetyenziswa kushishino ubukhulu becala kwimveliso Iipholima kunye rubbers zokwenziwa. Kakade ke, amashishini xa usebenza ezi iikhemikhali elandela ukhuseleko.

Ukuveliswa styrene

Fumana ukuzi kwiimeko ezizodwa (yokusebenza advanced unako ukufikelela 150-300 kweetoni eziliwaka lwemveliso ngonyaka ngamnye) ngu dehydrogenation. Indlela abasabela, nto leyo yakhokelela styrene kuhlanganiswa ihlelwa endothermic kwaye kwenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu izidanga malunga 600-700. Oku kusebenzisa i yentsimbi oxide ngumnxibelelanisi kongezwe chromium kunye potassium. Le inkunkuma ithathwa yi nenkqubo-eqongeni. Ukuba lokwaphula ukusetyenziswa okanye imveliso iteknoloji zenzeka ezikhutshwayo styrene kokusingqongileyo. Malunga nokuba yintoni lidla ngokuba neziphumo, intetho kancinane asezantsi. Okokuqala, makhe ukuchaza into yokuba le nto yaye yintoni iimpawu eyahluke.

izakhiwo

Ngoko ke, yintoni uhlobo kwemichiza - styrene? iimpawu zayo ezininzi. Makhe sihlolisise kubo:

• ukunyibilika kakubi kakhulu ngayo emanzini;
• igcwala Light;
• ukulungele ukunyibilika e-oganikhi khompawundi;
• ukukwazi ukunyibilika ngokulula i neeplastikhi;
• polymerization ukwenza kubunzima eqinileyo vitrified;
• copolymerization ne monomers;
• halogens ukulawula.

Ngenisa styrene umzimba womntu, le ivumba elibi kakhulu enokuthi zombini ngenxa yomoya eliphezulu, yaye ngenxa lokugaya. Xa udibana ngqo neencindi eziqulathe ngayo, oko ukuze wendele ngesikhumba.

Styrene nokuSingqongileyo

Le nto kakhulu eziyingozi lingaba elibi neempembelelo eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo styrene emoyeni abole ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, enoba izingcolisi ngengozi umonakalo omkhulu uhlobo, kodwa ayikwazi isicelo. Umhlaba kunye komhlaba styrene abole abe izinto alo. Le nto inye eyenzeka emoyeni yaye phantsi kwempembelelo kwelanga.

Noko ke, ezininzi States inani eliphezulu kwezinto ekukhutshelwe bume engqongileyo lweshishini, kulawulwa ngumthetho.

Imithetho yokusebenza styrene

Xa ukuveliswa lwesiyobisi nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngenxa nokuveliswa Iipholima, Kakade ke, bagcine ukhuseleko buciko. Kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini veke xi ubuninzi avumelekile styrene emagumbini apho ibekwe abasebenzi benkampani. Phantsi imithetho zocweyo ezinjalo kucetyiswa ukuba kuxhotyiswe anoomatshini bokungenisa kakuhle. Kakade ke, abasebenzi la mashishini kufuneka silumke basezela styrenics umphunga kwaye asebenzise izixhobo zakho xa kuyimfuneko.

Gcina ukhuseleko, ukuxubana nezinye izinto (ehlanganisa, peroxides, ongeziweyo) styrene. Ukusabela lwenziwa imiyalelo, ukuze uqhubeke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu okanye indlela olungafunekiyo. KweGazi styrenes kunye Ukuxutywa kumele kwenziwe ngokwahlukana Amagumbi enzelwe ngokukodwa le njongo yaye kakuhle umoya.

Polymerization of styrene ayakwenza endlini Sela. Ingozi yale nkqubo kukuba kunokuphumela-dubulo. Ngoko ke, into eya kugcinwa ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo.

styrene umonakalo umzimba womntu

Qhagamshelana nale zekhemikhali kunokubangela umntu ityhefu reaction etsolo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo. Phantse onke amalungu - ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, wokuchama, inkqubo igazi - achaphazelekayo ngambini ezinjalo kwezinto ezifana styrene. Indlela eyingozi kukuba le carcinogen ngabantu ngokukodwa kulo ngalinye kula matyala elineenkcukacha uxoxwa ngezantsi. Styrene igqalwa bubuhlungu zinetyhefu systemic kwaye ibhekisela 2 udidi yingozi. Ubulalayo kuyo abantu kunokukhokelela inhalation komoya equlathe 10 000 mg / m ³ styrene.

Zintoni iziphumo etsolo kungabangela styrene

Xa uyondelelwano lwee- umphunga emoyeni kwi-mali ka-420 mg / ^m3 abantu baqala ukubonisa iimpawu kwinwebu kwiinwebu iphecana yokuphefumla kunye namehlo. Xa umxholo kune 840 mg / m ³ kuphuhliswa isicaphucaphu kunye ukozela. Kulo mzekelo, ixhoba ukuba zonke iintlobo iingxaki kunye izixhobo vestibular.

utshintsho genetic

ukusebenza mutagenic - kodwa omnye umqobo ukuba ubengenanzondo umntu, kuba ixesha elide ukusezela styrene. Njani yingozi ngayo kulo mba? Xa izazinzulu uphando, kunokwenzeka ukuba ixesha elide inhalation of styrene umphunga inokukhokelela ekwandeni nezihlandlo chromosome aberrations kumaziko lymphocyte egazini peripheral. Uphononongo lwaqhutywa phakathi abasebenzi abaqeshiweyo inkqubo zemveliso istro luqiniswe iiplastiki.

Igalelo function lokudlala

Uvavanyo olwenziwe namabuzi, kwakhona yenze kube lula ukugqiba ukuba styrene ukurhogele babe kwi eziphilayo ukusebenza fetotoxic. Nangona kunjalo, uphando abafazi, abasebenzi zamashishini ekuveliseni styrene, akukho ukunyhashwa ezithile abazange phendla.

imiphumela ibangele

izifundo eziliqela yaqinisekisa ukuba inhalation of styrene kwandisa umngcipheko zomhlaza le hematopoietic kunye neenkqubo emithanjeni zabantu. Noko ke, oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ixesha elide kakhulu (iminyaka) sesichengeni umphunga kwezinto ezinjalo.

sivumelekile lamanani

Ngoko ke, siye sahlolisisa njani umonakalo yamalini ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo styrene emzimbeni womntu. Njani yingozi le mveliso lwekhemikhali, ngoku uqonde. Kakade ke, kuloo ndawo apho kukho abantu ixesha elide, uyazikhomba umphunga iziyobisi kufuneka ingagqithi kwimiqathango eliphezulu ngokuvunywe. Xa amashishini wokwenziwa okanye imveliso Iipholima kunye rubbers, kufuneka iqulathwe emoyeni kwi isixa akukho ngaphezu:

• kwenu kukusebenza ndawo - 30 g / m ^3;
• imizimba emanzini - 0,02 g / l.

Ukuthini-shift xi eliphezulu avumelekile into efana styrene emoyeni yi-10 mg / ^m-3, le-avareji - 0,002 mg / m ^3, a single - 0.04 mg / m ^3.

Styrene in nokubopha ukutya

Ngelishwa, le nto angangena umzimba womntu hayi kuphela xa imeko ezikhutshwayo izityalo. Istro kunye acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunikezelo izinto sopakisho esisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuthwala yokugcina ukutya. Kubonakala ukuba akanangozi ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando yafumanisa ukuba styrene monomer uyakwazi abasuka kwi ukutya zinkokeli soft and nzima ukusuka nokupakishwa. Kwezinye iimeko, nditsho into enika ukutya, ubisi okanye incindi, akumnandi incasa.

styrene kusebenza, nto leyo ivumba zingambi kakhulu, kwaye xa kusenziwa izinto zekhaya, izinto zokwakha njalo njalo. D.

umonakalo Styrofoam

Le nto ke ngoku enye yezi ntlobo uthandwayo usambathisa. Ungathenga ngayo nayiphi na ivenkile yentsimbi, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kuquka nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Okwa istro ivavanywa ukuthotywa ngokulula cazulula ngexesha ubomi yonke nge 10-15%. Xa oku umxholo monomer iimveliso yokubola ubuncinane 65%.

Ukongeza, ekuvelisweni kwale isifudumezi polymerization lwe styrene yi kakhulu kunqabile epheleleyo kunye iyunifomu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwi zithutha kusoloko mali intsalela yayo. Ngoko ke, copolymers of styrene, kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikhuphi umphunga olonakalisayo. Into yokuba ukusetyenziswa yokwambathisa usambathisa kweendawo zokuhlala akuvumelekanga ngaphakathi imimiselo, ngelishwa, siyazi ngokude hayi bonke. Kule meko kungcono nangoku ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto. Kodwa, qaphela, nokuba styrene iqulethwe kuquka amagwebu. Ekubeni into kucingelwa ukuba ibe yingozi ngaphezu formaldehyde, kubhetele noko unombombiya indlu ngaphakathi ngewulu bezimbiwa.

IVinyl lodonga

Ngamanye amaxesha abanikazi zokuhlala azisilindelanga malunga nento yokuba izinto ugqibezela zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa, iqulathe styrene. Njani yingozi le mveliso imichiza abantu, sele kufunyenwe. Ngoko ke, malunga izinto karhulumente kunye nezinto zendlu ekhona, ukuba azi ngokuqinisekileyo kunomvuzo. Umzekelo, kukho imali encinane into equlethwe kule IVinyl lodonga. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo Styrofoam, ingasetyenziswa olu hlobo kokugqiba iindonga kwindawo zokuhlala. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo styrene lodonga awabelwa. Kwigumbi papered kunye IVinyl kwabonakala umphunga, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ubushushu kokugquma ayikho izidanga ngaphantsi kwe-50 Celsius.

ABS-iiplastikhi

ABS i nentlaka impembelelo eliphezulu esetyenziselwa ezivelisa lwaka (izinto zolawulo manual, dashboard, njalo njalo. D.), Housings zombane yasekhaya (bokutshayela, remote control, ikofu) kunye ngombane (CPUs, amagosa okubeka esweni iimviwo), ifenitshala, xa zishishina zisithengisela nesempilweni, izinto zonyango , iisutikheyisi kunye zokudlala abantwana.

Xa imeko eqhelekileyo nawuphi na umngcipheko ethile kwimpilo yabantu, zonke ezo zinto. Styrene iqala ehlambulukileyo ukuba ahlukane kubo kuphela phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

• A ukufudumeza kakhulu kunene.
• Xa amayeza xa isetyenziswe biomaterial.
• Ekusebenziseni ezi iiplastiki zokugcina ukutya. Ingakumbi engamkelekanga eyothi kwizikhongozeli ezifana utywala eziphathekayo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho isiphumo esifanayo ukufudumeza.

Okwangoku, umyinge Iipholima styrenic kuquka ABS, yonke yorhwebo kunye zeplastiki ababeqondisa yi-50%.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ityhefu styrene

Xa kunjalo, ukuba umntu ngenxa ixesha elide baboniswa zoqhaphelo ephakamileyo umphunga of styrene kwaye yena iimpawu yityhefu, kufuneka enze la manyathelo:

• Susa umntu ochaphazelekayo ukusuka kwindawo ezingcolisekileyo ukucoca umoya.
• Ukuba imeko zingqondweni okanye ulihlwempu kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa i imaski ioksijini.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza i ukuphefumla ngumntu.
• Iliso iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni achaphazelekayo. Kufuneka ukuba inyuswe okanye ihliswe.

Xa styrene ri esikhumbeni okanye uxakaxa imifinya kufuneka ukuhlamba yandipha amanzi. alifunekanga ukuba imizuzu ngaphantsi kwe-15 ixesha unyango. Emva kokusebenza kwakhe ixhoba kufuneka ukuba isiwe esibhedlele. Ukuba styrene ngesiquphe ingena ngaphakathi emzimbeni, oko kuyimfuneko kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba asele izixa ezikhulu kakhulu zobisi okanye amanzi. Emva koku, isigulane kufuneka ngoko nangoko esibhedlele.

Njengoko ubona, imveliso styrene - inkqubo leyo, ukuba imithetho yokhuseleko kubasebenzi ayikho engeyongozi. Ngoko ke, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yemveliso kumashishini kufuneka sibe ngononophelo kwaye balumke. Ukuba iliso xa uthenga izinto zokwakha zale mihla ukutya kwizinto zokugalela ezinepolisterini.