-Moya "Airbus A350": elingaphakathi scheme, iimpawu kunye nohlolo

Enye imifuziselo ezintsha moya mihla inqwelo-moya, "Airbus A350". Nguye lo ungumthombo ngcamango phambili zobunjineli. Kodwa, Kakade, esi airliner, nangona zalo eziluncedo kucace phezu sikhuphisana yayo, kuneengxaki zako. Makhe sithethe kwimbali yophuhliso moya, "Airbus A350", chaza iimpawu zayo eziphambili zobugcisa, kwakunye ukufunda ncomo yokuqala abakhweli kunye neengcali.

moya line "Airbus"

Kodwa kuqala makhe sithethe uhlelo sithwala zothutho air-moya yoluntu "Airbus" inkampani, njengomzekelo lokugqibela eli qela moya yi nje "Airbus A350".

Le nkampani French "Airbus" yasekwa ngo-1970 ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi abenzi eziliqela aviamashin. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, uye waba ngomnye wabadlali ezinkulu emarikeni. Oku ukwenza yokwenza yezixhobo yoluntu emkhosini.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, "Airbus" wangena umzabalazo eshushu lisalawula ngexesha kule nkampani American "iBoeing" kwimarike Aviation yoluntu. Kwaye, ndimele ndithi, le Ingxabano ngaphandle impumelelo. Sele -moya wokuqala, kwakhululwa inkxalabo yaseYurophu 1972 (A300), kuye zithandwa kakhulu phakathi iindiza. Le airliner omtsha lokuqala iwele-injini moya ngokubanzi-umzimba yehlabathi, oko kukuthi, ukuba imitsi emibini phakathi izihlalo umkhweli. Ngowe-1974 engeniswa ukusebenza le inkulu French carrier umoya Air France kwaye isetyenziswa kule mini.

Oku kwalandelwa okukhutshwa models ezilandelayo-moya: A310, A320, A330, A340, A380. Ngaphezu koko, umgca A320 lo, kunye nentsapho "737", sithetha nje idumileyo ehlabathini.

Umntu omtsha lokugqibela wakhululwa ngowe-2013, "Airbus A350". Ngaye, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

imvelaphi ku

Ukudalwa yenethiwekhi entsha moya "Airbus" kwacetywa njenge impendulo kokukhutshwa ombutho "iBoeing" moya 777 (1994) kunye isaziso kweprojekthi iBoeing-787 (uphuhliso ekuqaleni - 2004). Esidlulileyo kubekwe-moya anoqoqosho ehlabathini eklasini yayo.

Ukuphendula, "Airbus 'izicwangciso ukukhulula uhlobo ephuculiweyo ngaphezulu iindleko-abaphumelelayo A330, esithi A330-200 Lite. Ukuba lokonga phambili ekuphuhlisweni kwale modeli, leyo baqala ukuthetha ezifanayo ngo-2004, xa iprojekthi "787" ibhengezwe.

Kodwa ke, njengokuba kwathi kwinkqubo yoyilo ukuphumeza le njongo kufuneka utshintsho esisiseko. Ngoko ke ngo-2006, wavakalisa ukusungulwa yeprojekthi omtsha, ebizwa ngokuba "Airbus A350 XWB". Le leta lokugqibela imela Body Extra Wide, leyo iguqulelwe ngeendlela Russian "fuselage ultra-ngokubanzi." Ngoko nangoko, oko yathi-moya omtsha iza kuba ukonga ngakumbi kuba amafutha ngaphezu "787", kunye neendleko zalo nokugcinwa kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-8%.

Inkqubo yokudala

Ngoko ke, ngo-2006 yaba kwindawo yokuqala xa kwakudalwa umkhweli ezihamba imigama moya ngokubanzi-umzimba kunye injini ezimbini, "Airbus A350".

Eneneni, uphuhliso akalithabathanga ixesha elininzi, wobeka phi ngokuqhelekileyo efunekayo ukwakha lo moya eklasini yayo. Ubukho kangangeminyaka emithandathu. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yomsebenzi kuzisa ubuncinane utshintsho kumaziko kwisicwangciso sokuqala, kwaye umnqweno nkampani ukukhulula, ekugqibeleni, umntu okhuphisana ofanele uqale maza 2009 izithuba umoya "787".

Ekupheleni kuka-2012 phantsi inani lothotho inani le MSN1 moya kokuba ihanjiswa ukusuka kwindawo kwivenkile ibandla. Phakathi ku-2013 wenza moya layo lokuqala uvavanyo, yaye ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2015, i-rhoqo umkhweli airliner A350 wokuqala waqala.

kokulungiswa

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mfuziselo kanye ezintathu iinguqulelo: i A350 - 800, A350 - 900 kunye A350 - 1000.

"I Airbus A350 - 800" waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-2014. nezibilini zayo eyenzelwe ukuthwala abakhweli-270, yaye flight uluhlu yeekhilomitha 15.700. Le ukulungisa kunye fuselage iyanqanyulwa.

"I Airbus A350 - 900" wavalelwa ukusebenza kulo nyaka. Yamkela ukuba abakhweli 314 oko, kodwa umgama ukuba andizele, yaba ngaphantsi kancinci - km-15 000. Oku le ukuguqulwa kucingwa ukuba kwisiseko.

"Airbus A350 - 1000" wenza moya yayo yokuqala ebimiselwe ngo-2015 kuphela. Isikhundla abakhweli zayo 350 kunye moya uluhlu - km-14 ukuya 800. Le umfuziselo i fuselage evuthelweyo (uthelekisa baseline).

Ukuba isebenzele bonke amagama iinguqulelo ezifunekayo pilot ezimbini.

iimpawu technical

Ngoku, makhe sifunde okungakumbi uyilo kunye neempawu zobugcisa-moya, "Airbus A350".

Umfuziselo basic linobude 66.8 m, kwaye ukuguqulwa - 60,5 m ne 73,8 m, ngokulandelelana. Evulekile -. 64 m Height zokuguqulwa moya yi 16.9 m, kwaye indawo nephiko sabasebenzi - 443 m ^2.

Eyona iphambili kuyilo elitsha "Airbus" kukuba le nkqubo ibandakanya ngaphezu kwe-50% ngezinto ezihlolwayo, amakhulu isalathisi efanayo "iBoeing 787". Kwakhona kwi A350 ezazisetyenziswa tips iphiko saber, leyo zange busetyenziswe ezinye iimodeli ombutho "Airbus".

Zonke iinguqulelo kancinane kwi-moya baxhotyiswa iinjini ezimbini Trent XWB, leyo bayakwazi ngesantya top of 945 km / h. Ukongeza, lo moya kitted injini abangabancedani Honeywell HGT1700.

ekharejini ndaze

Ngalinye ulungiso-moya cabin iye imiphakamo emithathu intuthuzelo: kwiklasi yokuqala, ushishino kunye noqoqosho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngamnye kubo kukho umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zexabiso inqanaba lenkonzo kunye nentuthuzelo. Abakhweli, ngokuxhomekeke imeko yabo yemali kunye neemfuno, ungakhetha nawuphi na iindidi ezintathu ezicetywayo kwi "Airbus A350". scheme Aircraft endlwaneni iboniswe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi.

Akukho moya ziphelele ngaphandle moya ehlabathini. Le ndawo ukulawula ukubhabha-moya kuyo. Cab "Airbus A350" lixhotyiswe izixhobo zakutshanje elektroniki, wadala ngeteknoloji entsha, nto leyo evumela ukuqhuba zombini ngesandla kunye uncedo yalawa.

Izimvo abakhweli kunye neengcali

Ngoku makhe sibone oko uluvo iye yasekwa ngayo moya entsha abakhweli yayo yokuqala kunye neengcali.

Uninzi kubathengi ye nkampani apho yaligqiba intuthuzelo endlwaneni kuthelekiswa namanye imifuziselo "Airbus", kwakunye flight ukuthamba ezizodwa, ngaphandle zomoya kunye nezinye iingxaki ezincinane.

Iingcali Sigxininisa ukuba moya entsha ngokwenene airliner anoqoqosho kweklasi yayo. Phakathi ezingalunganga labahlalutyi abaziintloko waphawula iindleko eziphezulu kwimveliso ngomatshini, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nexabiso layo nokuthengisa. Ngenxa yoko, imoto entsha moya ihlabathi French, ngokuxhomekeke ukuguqulwa, uvela iidola 260,9 ukuya 340,7 yezigidi. Thelekisa i "787" Kuqikelelwa ukuba ube phakathi $ 218,3 ukuya 297,5 yezigidi. Kodwa imali kwisibaso kunye nokulondolozwa yenza kube ngaphezu ukubuyisa umahluko ukusebenza ixesha elide. Kwakhona phakathi kusilela kuphawula kwenqanaba ukuzenzekela kulawulo, nangona kwezinye iimeko kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa nesidima.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi leengcali lwehlabathi zinika yovavanyo efanelekileyo airliner "Airbus A350" ngokubanzi.

amathuba

Okwangoku, i "Airbus A350" ithathwa njengokuba kunoqoqosho kakhulu kwaye sitshiphu ukugcina airliner kweklasi yayo. Ngokwenkcukacha sele igqithile okhuphisana yayo ephambili - "787". Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba silinde ikhosi impendulo yenkampani American nibone ummangaliso iteknoloji kuya kuba nako ukuchasa nembangi yayo yaseYurophu ntoni.

Iimpawu zoqoqosho High iza ukuphumeza enkulu phezu French imfuno entsha moya evela moya kubukho bukaThixo. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana kukho sele odolo unikezelo kweeyunithi 764 ka-moya evela iindiza 39. Phakathi kwazo, ezifana nkampani Qatari Qatar Airways, Vietnam Vietnam Airlines, Finnair Finnish, TAP Portuguese Portugal, i-Iberia Spanish. "Airbus A350", apho icebo ndlwana nokwandisa umkhweli bahambise ubutyebi zemali ezahlukeneyo, kunye nomthamo - ukugcina kwalapha ezongezelelweyo ngokuqinisekileyo baya kunandipha iphinde ezithandwayo kunye nabaxumi njengoko akayi aphikisana okhuphisanayo befanelekile.

Kodwa ke uphuhliso zobugcisa na ukuma ngxi, yaye ukuvela moya ezintsha kunye nomgangatho ngakumbi ephakamileyo iimpawu zoqoqosho - ukuba kudlula ixesha.