A. S. Pushkin, "The Bronze abamahashe": imbali yendalo lo mbongo

Lo mbongo "yeBronzi abamahashe" - yenye imibongo ezininzi kakhulu, endimangazayo entsokothileyo Pushkin. Wabhala ekwindla ka-1833 kwi-edume Boldin. Le ndawo kunye nexesha wabanika uyasikhuthaza engaqhelekanga Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Ingcamango "I Bronze abamahashe" yi Pushkin uveza ngokucacileyo imisebenzi ababhali ababephila kakhulu kamva, nikusingele phantsi indalo yawo kwindawo yokuqala, umxholo St. Petersburg, yaye okwesibini, isihloko yokungqubana iimbono ezinkulu iingangamsha kunye nomdla 'indoda encinane. " Kulo mbongo kukho ezimbini hero ephikisayo kunye nongquzulwano ngasonye phakathi kwabo.

"I yoBhedu abamahashe": imbali yendalo lo mbongo

Kwi kumbongo, Pushkin wasebenza nzima yaye wayigqiba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - nje ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu ngemihla ka-Oktobha. Ngeli xesha evuzayo bobuchule Alexander nabo basebenza kwi "Ukumkanikazi Spades," wabhala iprozi neendinyana yebali "Angelo". Ezi ngokulungelelanisiweyo qete kwaye mihle "I Bronze abamahashe", ibali indalo ngokusondeleyo wahlanganisa kuphela ezixhasayo eziyinyani Lushicilela xesha, kodwa kunye neentsomi eliye lakhula ngeenxa indoda enkulu umzi, okubangelwa ukuthanda kwakhe ephakamileyo.

Ukuhluza iindaba kunye kiswano evelayo xa kuthethwa mbongo

"Amabali Petersburg", njengoko umbhali ayimakishileyo uhlobo yayo, zazihlolwa * uKhesare Nicholas mna, owabuyela-ngqangi elinemibala ipensile ezilithoba. Iphazanyiswa imbongi epapashwe okubhaliweyo kwintshayelelo yombongo "I Bronze abamahashe" (imbali webali zemibongo labasibekela yi le nyaniso) kunye yanto liciko kumanqaku kwindawo tsar. Kamva, Pushkin kunjalo Ndipinde ndawabhala ezi ndawo, kodwa ukuze intsingiselo elungiselwe kuzo aliguqukanga. Eyenziwayo, umlawuli wavumela ukupapashwa mbongo "I Bronze umgadi". Imbali imveliso lu dityanisiwe mabeme eshushu nolu- malunga umbongo emva kunikezelo yayo.

Ingongoma umbono iincwadi

Iingxabano musa kuse kule mini. Ngokwemveli, ku vulavula hi amaqela amathathu leetoliki lo mbongo. Iqela lokuqala luquka abaphandi abathi inkalo "kawonke", Okuya kuba mhlophe ngokuba umbongo "yeBronzi umgadi". Eli qela nabagxeki yoncwadi, ikhokelwa ngu Vissarion Belinsky wabeka phambili inguqulo kumbongo Pushkin liye yingozi ukuba ilungelo lokuba enze kwimicimbi lizwe, babingelela izinto kunye nobomi umntu elula avulekile.

incazelo humanistic

Abameli elinye iqela, ikhokelwa wembongi Valeriem Bryusovym, unjingalwazi Makagonenko kunye nezinye nababhali, bahlangene ngokupheleleyo wolunye uphawu - Eugene, isithi ukufa nkqu engabalulekanga ngokwemiqathango iingcamango amagorha yabantu ayikwazi ukugwetyelwa impumelelo enkulu. Lo mbono kuthiwa humanistic. Abahlalutyi abaninzi zoncwadi bakholisa ukuvavanya kanye ethi "I Bronze abamahashe", ibali mbongo, licebo wabeka yintlekele ngayo umntu 'omncinane' ukubandezeleka evela iziphumo volitional amandla isigqibo isiqinisekiso.

ingxabano engunaphakade

Abameli iqela lesithathu wabaphandi wavakalisa neenkolo malunga undecidability kabuhlungu kule mpi. Bakholelwa ukuba Pushkin wamnika injongo umfanekiso webali kwi "yeBronzi umgadi". Kodwa imbali iye kugwetywa ungquzulwano ongunaphakade phakathi "umakhi angummangaliso" uPetros Omkhulu kunye "ihlwempu" Eugene - uhlala edolophini zesiqhelo kunye neemfuno zalo ezindilisekileyo kunye namaphupha. iinyaniso ezimbini - indoda kunye laseburhulumenteni efanayo - are elilinganayo, yaye akukho namnye na enasilela ngayo kwamanye.

Iziganeko ezimbi umbongo "I Bronze umgadi"

Imbali kumbongo, kakade, ngokuqinileyo ungena inkcubeko kunye nembali ixesha xa zadalwa. Lowo ixesha ukuphikisana malunga nendawo ngamnye kwimbali kunye nempembelelo neenguqu ezinkulu bayahlelwa abantu abaqhelekileyo. Lo mxholo yitile Pushkin ekupheleni ngo1820 kaThixo. Ukuthatha ubungqina obungamaxwebhu obunyaniso onogumbe eyenzeka eSt Petersburg Novemba 7, 1824, kuwo nawuphi na iphephandaba, imbongi brilliant and nzulu ngezinto uza nentetho equkayo ezentlalo bulumko ezinkulu. Ubuntu wenguquko enkulu kunye nobuhlakani uPetros ukuba 'eRashiya ezisemilenzeni yayo nemazi, "ivela kwi imeko ebuhlungu igosa Eugene minor yayo emxinwa amaphupha encinane-yamaphephandaba ubutyebi bakhe omncinane, kungekhona nje wabhebhetha enkulu, lifanelwe ekhwaza esithi. Lo mbongo "yeBronzi abamahashe" yi Pushkin kwaye ngoko ke ayipheleli badumise odic drive, vula i "window ukuya eYurophu".

umehluko Petersburg

Northern Capital wavuka ngenxa isigqibo ngabom Tsar uPeter Omkhulu emva kokoyisa kwakhe ama-balwa. noseko lwalo bekumele ukuba amkele olu loyiso, ukubonisa amandla kunye namandla Russia, kunye ukuvula indlela akhulule exchange kwinkcubeko kunye norhwebo kunye amazwe aseYurophu. Isixeko apho waziva nobukhulu omoya wobuntu, ebonakalaliswe imbonakalo ngokungqongqo-gingxi zokwakha, ethetha imifanekiso bemiqondiso kunye ezikhumbuzo, inikwa thina kweli bali "yeBronzi umgadi." History of the St. Petersburg based, Noko ke, hayi kuphela ubukhulu. Nakhelwe phezu "kumgxobhozo Blat", nto leyo wazibeka amathambo amawaka abakhi engaziwa, isixeko ngezigalo umoya semfene yaye kungakholeleki. ubuhlwempu abacinezelayo, amazinga aphezulu okusweleka, igunya kwezifo kunye nenani ukuzibulala - ukuba ezinye uhlaza icala isithsaba ikomkhulu ebudeni bexesha wabhala Alexander Pushkin. ubuso ezimbini umzi, kuvela ngaye omnye komnye, nokomeleza icandelo wentsomi walo mbongo. "Twilight ngaphaya" Izibane baluthuthu ezidolophini kudala abemi imvakalelo ukuba baphila uhlobo lwendawo twi elingumqondiso, nto leyo kuza ebomini, yaye kunye nokuzimisela semfene ukususa yezikhumbuzo eqingqiweyo. Kwaye oku, kakhulu, ubukhulu becala kubandakanya imbali "I Bronze umgadi." Pushkin, njengoko imbongi, akaba nako ukuyenza ukuguquka okunjalo, elisuke laba luvuthondaba sebali. Ngentende lobugcisa inoveli isithuba ephila etsibatsiba yabahambi entlango abandayo umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu nokusukelana eyayinentliziyo emva ilahleko isithandwa kwaye hlisa zonke izinto ezilindelweyo Eugene.

mbono entry

Kodwa phambi kokuba uve umhlaba Nokutyhwatyhwa phantsi iimpuphu zehashe intsimbi, kufuneka iphumele iziganeko ebuhlungu nogonyamelo ezenzeka kubomi UYevgeny Lilishwa ukuba kummangalela abakhi omkhulu yokuba azibeke umzi kumhlaba sinotyekelo kanobom zizikhukhula, kwakunye nokufezekiswa eliqaqambileyo kunye entry grand luvula kumbongo "i Bronze umgadi".

UPetros wayemi phezu elunxwemeni lomlambo zasendle, apho amaza ndiwanyikimise isikhephe ethe, wayijikeleza ihlathi ngxola ashinyeneyo udakumbile, kwindawo ethile anamathele indlu ulusizana "Chukhontsev". Koko laba nenceba iliso ingqondo yakhe, umseki eyinkunzi osemantla sele ubona "isixeko emangalisayo", oko kuthathwa phezulu "likratshi" yaye "ngokwenene" phezu-bambethe ilinen lenyengane Neva River, umzi ezinxulumene ne ikamva impumelelo karhulumente impumelelo enkulu. Pushkin ayithethi alingekhankanywa igama uPetros - umlawuli likhankanywe usebenzisa izimelabizo, "yena", kwaye ugxininisa ambiguity isakhiwo entry odic. Xa sicinga ngendlela ngenye imini "apha" Russia uya 'inkxalabo Swede, "inkokeli enkulu akaboni namhlanje," i Angler Finnish "juba amanzi" omdala "orhuqwayo zabo. I noMlawuli uqala ukubona ikamva apho izithuthi mayibhekiswe marinas isityebi kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba, kodwa akazange phawula nabani indadi kwindawo iphenyane engasese, babekunye kooronta ezinqabileyo elunxwemeni. Ukudala umlawuli karhulumente silibale ngayo abo kulungiselwe bona idaliwe. Kwaye ukungangqinelani buhlungu ondla ingcamango umbongo "I Bronze umgadi". Pushkin, imbali leyo nje ingqokelela yamaxwebhu ezigciniweyo, kodwa ibhulorho, aphoswe kule langoku elizayo, ingakumbi wakuva imizwa lidlulisela ungquzulwano.

Kutheni umkhweli lobhedu wabonakala emlonyeni bobhedu imbongi?

Ingongoma, Kakade, hayi nje kuphela kweli yokuba ababhali benkulungwane ye-19 abangakubonanga umahluko omkhulu lwesemantiki phakathi ngobhedu nangobhedu. Kuyinto zokomfuziselo ukuba lo nguye Bronze umgadi. Imbali ukubhala imibongo kulo mzekelo zidibana kunye umfanekiso yeBhayibhile. Ngoko akukho ngozi ngoko ke umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ka uPetros "Isithixo" yaye "izithixo" - kanye la mazwi Abalobi iBhayibhile, ndibalisa le ithole legolide, leyo, endaweni kaThixo ophilileyo baqubuda ngamaYuda. Apha, isithixo nditsho negolide, kodwa nobhedu kuphela - ke umbhali kunciphisa elubengezelo nesihombo mfanekiso, le ebengezelayo Luxury engaphandle kwakukuhle, kodwa nethala ngaphakathi akukho isiqulatho ezixabisekileyo. Yiloo nto iimpembelelo ephefumlayo imbali "I Bronze umgadi."

Pushkin ukuba orhanelwa uvelwano ingcamango olungenamiqathango geqe. Luyathandabuzeka, kunjalo, yaye ngokunxulumene kwawo idyll etsomo kwakhiwa e-Eugene amaphupha. Amathemba kunye nezicwangciso "umntu omncinane" bakude nokufuna ezendeleyo, apho Pushkin wabona umda.

Le yincopho zesakhiwo utyhilo

Emva yokuphawulwa ngeinki ukungena kunye izibhengezo uthando emzini Pushkin ulumkisa ukuba ziya kuxoxwa kwi iziganeko, "emanyumnyezi." A kweminyaka engamakhulu emva kwesiganeko kwi kunxweme Gulf of Finland Petersburg esemthethweni Eugene wabuyela ekhaya emva kwenkonzo, kunye namaphupha kutshata Parasha wakhe. Ngayo, akazange umiselwe ukubona, kuba, ngathi nendlu yakhe uthobekile, uya kuwathwala "wokuthenga" amanzi "lwadamba" Neva. Xa element umlomo, Eugene baya kuyilahla kukhangela intanda yakhe, uze uqiniseke ukuba omnye akasekho. Ingqondo yakhe abakwazi ukumelana iimpembelelo, kunye naloo mfana uyahlanya. Yena walahleka isixeko nepriyutnomu uba ekujoliswe kubantwana basekhaya ukugculelwa, Awulibale ekhaya indlela. Ezingxakini zabo Eugene ithi isixeko uPetros vozvedshego kwindawo engalunganga, yaye ngaloo ndlela kwabenza abantu engozini. Sigulo, ophambeneyo esongela oqingqiweyo zobhedu: "Uzho kuwe .." Emva koko isazela asha uyasiva "skakane 'enzima, sonorous kwi cobblestones kwaye abone kuye nabakhweli ezibaleka ngesandla esolukileyo. Emva kwexesha elithile, Eugene bamfumana efile phambi kwendlu yakhe baza bamngcwaba. Utsho evala mbongo.

Element njengeqhawe yinxalenye

Yiyiphi indima udlalwa apha yi element, leyo sizimele umntu uya kwaye kutshabalalisa yonke emhlabeni? Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ibali yokwahlula abantu, idibanisa amaxesha ethile imbangela chain Nakuba. Luhlanganisa ezimbini sebali sebali - siganeko kunye njengomfuziselo - amazwe kunye zasekhaya. A conflict of interest kwabonakala ukushukumisa amandla izinto, nto leyo kwiikota yangaphandle lwekamva utshabalalisa kwaye uthintele uyolo lomntu. Resolution kwalo ungquzulwano kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba umsantsa phakathi ubukhulu lwezoyilo ezinkulu amandla kunye yendawo yobuntu umntu oqhelekileyo zonganyelwe, sivala. Ezi iingxaki imisebenzi Pushkin esithi "I Bronze abamahashe", ibali ekudalweni umbongo ekuqaleni thotho eyimfihlakalo "St. Petersburg" amabali kunye neenoveli ukuba Ndowuseza uhluthe bemeko- iincwadi Russian ye elinethoba kunye kwiinkulungwane omabini.

Umbongo kananjalo kubekho nentsika yelitye

Kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo kuPetros Omkhulu kwi Yeengwevu Square e St Petersburg kwenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1782. Monument, kukho ubabalo umxhelo kunye nobuhle, ukuba senziwe uCatherine II. Ngomhla ukudala nomkroli oqingqiweyo samahashe, ozixhamle ngako French Eten Falkone, uMarie-Ann Kollo kunye inkosi Russian Fyodor Gordeyev wabaza inyoka yobhedu phantsi kokuvutha ihashe uphuphu Petrova. Xa unyawo lo mfanekiso efakiweyo litye lesikhumbuzo, ebizwa iindudumo-ilitye, ubunzima baso ngaphantsi kancinane tonnes ezimbini ezinesiqingatha (lesikhumbuzo yonke inobunzima malunga 22 iitoni). Kwi indawo apho nentlama yabhaqwa bafumana ukuba ofanelekileyo ukuba ilitye, ilitye wamgxotha bazibhijabhija ngenxa iinyanga ezine.

Emva kokupapashwa mbongo Aleksandra Pushkina, iqhawe apho imbongi wenze kanye lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo, Umfanekiso ogama yeBronzi umgadi. Abahlali kunye neendwendwe of St Petersburg banethuba elikhulu ukubona lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo, leyo ngaphandle ubaxo ngokuba uphawu yesixeko, phantse lomculo bokwakha lomelele.