Mankurt - ngubani na le nto? "Legend of mankurt"

Igama elithi "mankurt" livele Chingiz Aitmatov e inoveli yakhe edumileyo "Imini Lihlala Nje Iminyaka Elikhulu". Le mankurt wobuciko - indoda yathinjwa, esebenzisa ukungcungcuthekiswa enogonyamelo wajika waba sisidalwa soulless wakukhonza ulibele konke malunga ngobomi bakhe bangaphambili kwanawokuqhuba nayiphi imiyalelo yenkosi yakhe. Igama waba lusetyenziswa kakhulu ngengqiqo yokomfuziselo, waba igama indlu. Ngendelelo isiqhulo "mankurt" uya kwabo niyilibeleyo ulwimi yesizwe kwaye indiva amasiko abantu bayo.

Le etymology lo gama

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ngemvelaphi yegama. Wavele Chingiz Aitmatov, owasungula elithi "mankurt", ngokusekelwe yakhe isichazi yamandulo zamaTurkic mungul, elithetha "baziziyatha, ezingenangqondo, azisekelwanga engqiqo." Ulwimi Kyrgyz mihla ukubhekisela kwindoda, ezilinyaziweyo, wasebenzisa munju igama. Thathela ingqalelo impembelelo efanayo zolwimi Mongolian kunye Kyrgyz, siya kucinga ukuba isibizo "mankurt" ivela "manguu" - ". Somcuphi" Amazwi ifomu ukuba ixabiso "sisidenge, isiyatha, ndini," yaye Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo umqondiso "mankurt" akhiwa ngokudibana iingcambu zamaTurkic yamandulo gurut - "womile" kunye nomntu - "bhinqani, anxibe ibhanti."

Tribe zhuanzhuaney

Xa AD ngenkulungwane yesine okanye eyesihlanu eMpuma Asia , wayifulela yi inkqubo yokuhlaliswa. Ngethuba ingxokozelo kumathafa Turkestan, naseManchuria kunye Mongolia Western Union wavela izizwe amadlelo, olu sapho lwaluquka amakhoboka engalawulekiyo, abalimi Sivikivekile, bamkelwe. Isiphelo yaseXhora zidibene zizonke, abantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba antshwenyile ubukho ulusizana, ngoko ke emigulukudu zaduka othathe ukuphanga. Yaguquka ngokuthe neqela ezihangeni abantu behla embalini phantsi kwegama lo zhuanzhuaney. Le wezizwe imithetho ezahlukeneyo abangekaphuhli, ukunqongophala iincwadi kunye nenkcubeko, rhoqo ekulweni ukulungela ukhohlakale ikrakra. Zhuanzhuani alawulwa umhlaba ukuya emantla China kwaye ngokwenziwa isiqalekiso ngokwenene kumazwe Asia kunye angabamelwane ephila. Mankurt - indoda ngamakhoboka aba bantu ezoyikekayo.

inkcazelo sentuthumbo

Nje kwenzeka ukuba ezichazwe Uqamba malunga zhuanzhuanyah Aitmatov legend. Kuphela le rootless,, abantu Nabanobungqwangangqwili Amabharbhari yakwazi ukuba zizakhele ephucukileyo, ukungcungcuthekiswa engenabuntu ezinjalo. Ingakumbi isizwe ngenkohlakalo aphathe amabanjwa. Ukuze ukujika indoda ibe ngumkhonzi ogqibeleleyo, akazange acinge ngayo kwimvukelo asizimele, wayichola memory ngokuyibeka ibububanzi. Ukuze inkqubo ekhethwe amajoni aselula womelele. Ekuqaleni, intloko ungonwabi wayicheba ngokupheleleyo, ngokoqobo kokuphalwa zonke iinwele. Ngoko ke bazixhela inkamela yaye siqokelele kakhulu zamahlathi, nuchae kwesikhumba. Balani lwagabuka, utsalo laso phezu ubani amehlo phezu kwentloko abathinjiweyo leyo. Eluswini, ngathi udaka wanamathela abantu ukakayi esandula uchetyiwe. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba ibububanzi. Ngoko ikamva amakhoboka ayenxiba pads entanyeni, ukuze babe ingafiki phantsi kunye nentloko yayo, ibotshelelwe iingalo kunye nemilenze yakhe, basiwa emathafeni amkhuthuka wemka apho iintsuku eziliqela. Phantsi ingqatsini yelanga, kungekho ukutya kunye namanzi, ukuba owomileyo ngcembe eluswini, ihupula sentsimbi ucinezelo intloko, amabanjwa basweleka ngenxa ekuhlukunyezweni nodandatheko. Emva kosuku olunzima, iinwele ngqo zamakhoboka baqalisa ihlume, maxa wambi ukungena eluswini rawhide, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zijonge waza wabahlaba ulusu entloko, ebangela buhlungu ovuthayo. Kweli nqanaba, amabanjwa ekugqibeleni ziingqondo. Kuphela ngomhla wesihlanu shwa safika zhuanzhuani. Ukuba ubuncinane omnye kubathinjwa wayesaphila, loo nto ithathwa amathamsanqa. Bethinjiwe ekhululwa kumakhamandela, anikwe ukuba basele, ngokuthe ngcembe wachacha amandla kunye nempilo ngokwasemzimbeni.

umkhonzi Value-mankurt

Abantu andikhumbuli ezidlulileyo zabo, ezixabisa kakhulu. Baba kwiqela lokulungileyo ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho ngayo. Mankurt - esi sidalwa, hayi umthwalo ezingqondweni zabo "Mna" oko lubotshelelwe umkhosi, njengenja. kuphela imfuneko kwakhe - ukutya. Yena akanandaba abanye zange ndicinge ngayo isebenza kude. Kuphela mankurts, hayi ukukhumbula nomini, unako ukumelana yedwa engenasiphelo Sarozek aphatheke nezobundlobongela akufuneki ukuphumla kunye nokhathalelo. Baye ixesha elide, masiqhubekele, monotonously enze, edinayo, msebenzi zimdaka ezibuhlungu. Zidla babemiselwe iinkomo inkamela, bona vigilantly abomvu imini nobusuku, ihlobo nobusika, nto okhalaza ngakuthile ubunzima. usokhaya umyalelo yayikukuba ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Mankurt eyayilingana amakhoboka ezilishumi besempilweni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukubulawa ngengozi ikhoboka yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye, ukuba alungise umonakalo, umntu onetyala uya kuhlawula intlawulelo izihlandlo ezithathu mkhulu ukuze kutshatyalaliswe babeyibiza simahla.

Legend of mankurt

Xa inoveli "Imini Lihlala Nje Kwiminyaka Elikhulu," omnye isahluko unikezelwa ilivo yamandulo. Malunga bayahlelwa mfazi unelishwa ogama Ana Najman wathi ilivo lakhe Aitmatov. Mankurt, leyo weva Heroine ibali, wajika unyana wakhe elingekhoyo edabini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, enoba izalamane engenakulungiswa ibanjwa kwaye wafunda Isiphelo sakhe esibi, into engazange wazama ukuba amsindise. Man, hayi ukukhumbula nomini, wahlala kuphela iqokobhe engaphandle. Kungenjalo Wawalawula Naiman-Ana. Isigqibo asukuba wayengunyana wabuyela ekhaya. Ekubeni Sawufumana ezintilini esingenasiphelo Sarozek, lo mfazi wazama umbuyise umfana memory mfana. Nangona kunjalo, akukho iingalo unina efudumeleyo kaThixo, okanye intetho yakhe bazingisa, okanye eziqhelekileyo, ngaphambi kokuba ebuntwaneni, akukho ukutya okuphekiweyo phantsi kwegazi abazange kunceda kwabakhonkxiweyo ukukhumbula elidlulileyo yakhe. Kwaye xa mankurt singanyangekiyo zhuanzhuani waphefumlela ukuba Ana Najman ufuna kumlukuhla mna, ndiyisuse umnqwazi wakhe ezikucaphukisa kakhulu esibi intloko umkhonzi isandla Qinisa wadubula utolo entliziyweni kamama. Ngokufa iinwele umfazi wawa itshefu emhlophe, waphambukela Donenbay yintaka waqhubeka ekhwaza, ekhumbuza mankurt malunga nguyise lizwe ukhohliwe lokuzalwa.

bomlomo umthombo

kwizithethe Author, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe - umbhali odumileyo Chingiz Aitmatov. Legend of mankurt, yena, livela umthombo weli intsomi. Umbhali-ndlebe, wathi ukuba lo amaqhawe "Manas", enye yezona ntsomi inkulu yabantu Kyrgyz, kukho ngokukhankanywa isisongelo elinye amanye amajoni xa kuthe uloyiso baqhwabe naye phezu kwesibhakabhaka zentloko yakhe ukuba alususe inkumbulo. Olunye ulwazi malunga nale nobundlobongela kakhulu kakhulu ngokuchasene umntu ngenxa yaso nasiphi na ngumbhali lwemveli okanye loncwadi ayifumanekanga. Umphengululi K. Asanaliev ukufunda amaqhawe "Manas", ifumaneka umtya kuyo, apho iintshaba zizama ukubeka phezu ibububanzi Manas oselula.

ukuchana koluhlu lwembali

Shiri - a rawhide iinkomo apho izizwe amadlelo kumaxesha amandulo yenziwa izitya. I-Kirghiz kwakhona wabakho kulisiko lokungcwaba enxulumene nokusetyenziswa isibhakabhaka. Ukuba, ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima, kwafuneka ukuba elinye kumngcwabo umfi kwezinye iindawo yomzimba wakhe ngokugcinwa onke amalungiselelo imibhiyozo lusongelwe etwabulukayo waza waxhonywa emthini omde. Xa emthonjeni ungasekhoyo basiwa emangcwabeni ezinyanya wangcwatyelwa khona. Aziwayo ivezwa iimbekiselo "ibububanzi" elithetha "cap rawhide isemzimbeni ityala intloko". Olu hlobo nxaniso lalisetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwezizwe amadlelo. It womisa isikhumba ahlehle yezilwanyana, ebangela umntu kwiintlungu nodandatheko. Mankurt - indoda walahlekelwa inkumbulo yakhe phantsi kwempembelelo nxaniso enjalo, ngokutsho Aitmatov. Ukuba ukucinga ukuba ibinzana elithi "kwesibhakabhaka" imvelaphi Mongolian, ixabiso layo - "isikhumba, ulusu, syromyat". Ngolwimi Kyrgyz, kunye ithokeni "Shiri" yezabelo asetyenziswa: "shiresh" - "ukuba kukhule ndawonye, anamathele kunye" yaye "shirile" - "kubeka phezu kwesibhakabhaka zentloko yakhe."

legends meaning

Ngokwesithethe mankurt ngokusondeleyo ukuya mxholo yokubalisa ekwincwadi kaThixo "Imini Lihlala Nje Iminyaka Elikhulu". Lichaza mankurts mihla. Chingiz Aitmatov wafuna ukuze abonise abafundi bakhe ukuba abantu ndayihluthwa imemori yezembali, iba unopopi, ikhoboka wabeka iingqiqo bakhe kunye neengcamango. Yena akabi sayikhumbula loo iziyalezo uyise nonina, Awulibale igama lakhe lokwenyani, ayisa inxulumene inkcubeko yesizwe esizweni sakowabo, azazi eyona. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwi ilivo eqhotyoshelweyo kuloo mankurt lilishwa, walahlekelwa ulwazi ubuntu babo, alondoloza inkumbulo ukudubula indlela isaphetha, ngoko - ukumbulala. Kwaye xa umfana kumisa nxamnye abacinezeli nonina, wababulala bakhe ngezandla zakhe. imemori yeMbali - ngenxa yomphefumlo womntu, ugonyo okubi kunye amorality. Naiman-Ana - uphawu inkumbulo, esoma ukukhumbuza abantu malunga izifundo elidlulileyo.

Ukusebenzisa ilizwi

Ngokutsho magazini "Science and Life" mankurt - ngumzekelo wemiqondiso kuqaliswa ngolwimi Russian kutshanje. Okwangoku, intsingiselo yeli gama sele iingqameko ukuba ingqikelelo lomntu, hayi ukukhumbula nomini zabyvshem malunga ookhokho babo. Ulwazi malunga ilahleko eyenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo lwangaphandle engqondweni jika kwisifundo ibe likhoboka enkosini yakhe, phakathi intsingiselo yesibizo "mankurt" uya kulahleka.

Kakhulu elide ethandwayo ifumene e Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan. Kula mazwe, igama elithi "mankurt" has esinentlawulo engenaxabiso, babiza abantu niyilibeleyo ulwimi yesizwe kunye nenkcubeko.

abanye ababhali

Yekhasi Vertiporoh Lily ubiza umntu mankurt, "ogama bukhosi iye isuswe intliziyo nengqondo, eshiya kuphela isisu." UKonstantin Krylov uchaza ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "mankurt" kwi yee- kwinkulungwane yokugqibela njengento ongenabulungisa nokweya yesiphene wabantu, umdla kakhulu, "loo mini phambi iindaba" malunga Stalin kaThixo repressions kunye nezinye iziganeko kwimbali Russian, kwaye ucinge ngakumbi malunga langoku nelizayo yelizwe labo. Umbhali nentatheli Solovev Vladimir ubiza mankurts abemi kakubi kwilizwe lakhe. Ukholelwa abantu ababhalelwayo intlonipho memory of izinyanya - amazwi alambathayo, kuguquka yemfuza.