Malbork Castle, Poland: inkcazelo, imbali, ezinika kunye namanqaku anika umdla

E Poland, oko uyinqaba inkulu eYurophu, ukwakhiwa isimbo zwe. Oku ise kwisixeko igama elifanayo yaye kakhulu yembali elidlulileyo sisityebi. Yena a owayesakuba capital yamandulo Order leTeutonic. Oku ngokumangalisayo enomtsalane Malbork Castle kuthiwa, oko idweliswe kuluhlu UNESCO.

Enyanisweni igama yale nqaba elikhulu: Malbork okanye Marienburg? EPoland eJamani na? Yini kuyabonakala kulo kwindawo yayo? Eli nqaku liqulathe inkcazelo sixeko kunye ezinika yayo engundoqo.

ulwazi Brief imbali

Malbork lwendele ivume olunye uhlobo lwale igama, isiJamani - Marienburg ukususela inqaba yamandulo wakhonza ikomkhulu German (leTeutonic) Order.

Malbork - Castle, ogama imbali lisukela emva kweenkulungwane ezisixhenxe eyadlulayo, xa Prince uKonrad Mazovetsky Poland wabhenela Knights uncedo Teutons. Babemele ukukhusela ukusuka iyangena zezizwe zobuhedeni Prussia amazwe Polish kwaye enyanzela utshaba ukuba abhaptizwe. intsikelelo Pope kaThixo wanikwa yi baseRoma yenkolo nxamnye Prussia, ngokunxulumene ngazo wakhupha umthetho ( "Golden Bull") olunika inkululeko amanyathelo kartel eBaltic.

Nangona umhlaba woyisa Teutons, wegqitha phantsi unonophelo etroneni Pope, le Knights waziva ngokwawo kwezi ndawo abanini ngokupheleleyo. Bathatha ukulawula zonke unxweme lweBaltic, babethe qwelele phezu intsimi woyisa, baza babulawa zicinezelwa zonke izenzo ubuhedeni. Ngenxa yoko, yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo abantu imbali elide (Prussia). Xa emazweni ye-Polish Knights bakha iinqaba emdeni wabo.

LeTeutonic Knights ngo-1274 waza wabeka isiseko lock ezichazwe. Emva koko wabizwa Marienburg emva Virgin Mary. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa kwi kwamaxandeka kunxweme lomlambo Nogat lanyuka kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho-4 kunye enqabeni ezininzi, bekujongiwe Knights, yaye ngowe-1280 ngawo indibano knight.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha Malbork Castle, thaca ngokufutshane umzi apho kukho le into emangalisayo zembali.

city Malbork

Yidolophu mandulo encinane kumantla ePoland, xa nkanyamba. Wisla. Kubhaliwe ibekwe km 130 ukusuka kwisixeko Torun ne-70 km ukusuka kwisixeko Gdansk, kufutshane nomda kunye kummandla Kaliningrad. igama layo German - Marienburg. Malbork waziwa kakhulu enqabeni yomkhosi odumileyo yimbali Marienburg.

Nangona provincialism esi sixeko kunye ingummandla omncinane, etsala ezininzi abatyeleli apha ngenxa kwiinkulungwane ubudala lwalo imbali kunye nomoya elikhethekileyo zokulwa. Le dolophu ngokwayo enomtsalane kunye nomtsalane. Apho ayeke ukuba ubusuku, uwise nje ukuba imini ukuhamba phakathi enqabeni kwaye ubone Malbork inqaba, ise phantse kumbindi wesixeko. Kufutshane nqaba kukho yokupaka elungileyo imali, nto leyo imi kufutshane ofisi itikiti apho unako ukuthenga amatikiti inqaba.

Fortress Museum

Kule minyaka 1454-1466 phakathi leTeutonic Knights nezibonda walwa elide imfazwe kunyaka-alishumi elinesithathu. IMbasa uloyiso ePoland, inxalenye yabo kuthinjwa ngaphambili, mhlaba uzisa, ngaloo ndlela zifumana ukuya kuLwandle lweBaltic. Marienburg Inqaba ngo 1457 wathengiswa Casimir IV Jagiellon (Amakhosi Polish) igolide (665 kg), kwaye ukusukela ngoko kuye kwaku ulawulo kakumkani.

Ngubani bafika ngo-1772 ukuya ngamandla Prussians aguqulwa inqaba ibe yokugcina emkhosini. Le nqaba gqitha eyonakeleyo ngo-1945 (ngaphezu kuzo zonke iinkulungwane zangaphambili 7). Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, isakhiwo yonke yakhiwa. Namhlanje Malbork Inqaba e Poland a zodaka enamandla kunye iinqaba ezinophahla ziboniswe kwi amanzi Nogat River.

Kwizakhiwo enqabeni kukuba imyuziyam, nto leyo osisityebi yingqokelela yentsimbi, izixhobo kunye izihombo ezenziwe yegolide evuthiweyo. Amaninzi enqabeni ezicwangciswe imiboniso yobugcisa, iikonsathi kunye nokwenziwa umdla kumabala emidlalo, bamba umdlalo Malbork.

incazelo

Malbork - inqaba, nto leyo isakhiwo izitena inkulu adalwe wezandla zabantu. Singene indawo omalunga 21 eehektare. Towers ziyilelwe yaye zakhiwe kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa lula lokudubula umpu.

Esi sakhiwo ithathwa iziza kakhulu umdla kwaye ethandwa esixekweni abakhenkethi. Ubukhulu unique bakhe kuchaphazela ngokupheleleyo wonke. complex Malbork enkulu yenziwa 3 iinqaba: Middle, Upper eseZantsi. Ethandwa kakhulu i-Upper Castle, nguye woonongendi apho iimonki abaphila knights. Singqongwe ngeendonga Uyalwa ngeenxa zonke, le nqaba ukwakweli ngaseludinini lomlambo. Kufutshane wemba izisele enzulu.

izinto ezinomdla kwintsimi na ecaweni of St .. Anna (yokungcwaba iinkosi ezinkulu) kunye Church of St .. Virgin Mary. Umyinge Malbork enqabeni yakhiwe kwisayithi elalisakuba yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Kwaba kanye iziko yezopolitiko kunye nolawulo leTeutonic Knights, apho amaqhawe eqokelelwe onke amazwe aseYurophu. Namhlanje, kukho amagumbi abaphathi kunye namagosa Poland.

Kwakhona ukubabulala ngenxa yobuhle refectory yawo eyodwa enkulu, kunye openwork ngezakhiwo ezimangalisayo, kunye nasemagumbini ezintle enhle. Kukho kwakhona isibhedlele abantu abakhulileyo kunye nabagulayo iimonki-knights. Lower Castle (okanye predzamok) isikakhulu ijoliswe kwiimfuno zekhaya.

In odumileyo Izikrweqe apha iinqwelo zomkhosi nemipu. Kwakhona enqabeni unalo ulahle iyadi, smithy, utshwala kunye nezitali.

Imiboniso kwi ubomi abantu mandulo

Ngaba zizityebi imiboniso ezininzi kakhulu umdla Malbork Castle. Abakhenkethi ngokuza apha uhambo, kungaba ukuhlola izakhiwo ngokwabo kunye inqaba, kunye gallery eneencwadi ukwazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yonke inxalenye ezisemthethweni ukhenketho iqela kuthatha ixesha iiyure ezine. Abakhenkethi simazi kwimbali abatyebileyo Malbork Castle.

Apha ungabona ngawakhe ukwenza njani ngelo ngqekembe yamandulo xesha. Abakhenkethi aya kubona umntu iingqekembe izithombe impahla mediaeval emehlweni abo. Apha uyakwazi ukuthenga izipho ezimangalisayo imali encinane - iingxowa ezele imali.

omangalisayo esothusayo kunye neeholo (amagumbi) loMthetho iinkosi enkulu: cannonball okulungiswe eludongeni, ukuba bantinga enqabeni yomkhosi ngexesha ekulweni (ngelo xesha apho wahlala ibhunga emfazwe). Uninzi umdla kukuba, ukuba lo kernel wangena kwikholam (lowo ephethe iqhaga), imiphumo intlekele. bahle alibaleke nokwenziwa ezimangalisayo kumabala emidlalo: "Umlilo kunye Ikrele", "Ukukhanya kwaye isandi", "Ukushiyeka Malbork". Emangalisa kakhulu ke zakutshanje.

Indlela ukuya emyuziyam?

I-museum "Malbork" e Poland kulula ukufikelela. Ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe wesixeko Malbork aye kuye malunga 15 imizuzu. Ngelo xesha enye na kwivenkilana endleleni, ungakwazi ukuthatha incwadana sesisa lonke ulwazi abakhenkethi oluyimfuneko kwaye unako ukuthenga isikhokelo lokuposa-ulwimi Malbork, nto leyo eya kunceda uhambe enqabeni yedwa, ngaphandle sikhokelo. Abaninzi ukusebenzisa eli thuba ngenxa yokuba, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, uhambo iqela eqhelekileyo kuba cishe 4 h.

Amatikiti zithengiselwa emnyango ukuya isakhiwo emyuziyam. Nawuphi isivakashi bangangena Malbork enqabeni yomkhosi (Poland). Ixabiso itikiti imalunga 10 euro. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho amatikiti usapho ezikhethekileyo, endiwazuze ngaphantsi kakhulu xa isetyenziswe ngokwahlukileyo kwi ngalinye lamalungu ayo.

Le nqaba luvuleleke iindwendwe unyaka wonke, ukususela ku-Oktobha-1 ukuya ku-Epreli 30, ukususela ngo-9 kusasa ukuya iiyure ezili-15, ukususela ngoMeyi 1 ukuya kuSeptemba 30 ivulwa ukususela 9 kusasa ukuya 17 pm. ngamanye amaxesha itshintsha ixesha Tour. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imiboniso Russian akwenziwanga.

okunika umdla

Ukwazi ukuba i Teutons ezifanayo ngenxa yokuba ukuba abashumayeli ukunqulwa Virgin Mary, nigcine ngokulandelelanayo izibhambathiso yokuthobela, ubunyulu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha wakuphepha ezi nemimiselo entsonkothileyo.

Yakuba le nqaba kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze kwi umpheki ikhitshi, kwaye ngoko ke kartel wacela imvume Pope. Loo nto, wanika banqwala, kodwa imeko ukuba nqaba uya umfazi yobudala engama-60. AmaJamani, phezu reflection, waqesha abapheki-3, iyileyo wayeneminyaka engama-20 kuphela ubudala.

Malbork - Castle Ghosts

yamabali amaninzi sizibandakanya lock. Ekukholelwa ukuba ghost yomfazi uhlala woonongendi. Iincoko, uyazekaneka na uMoya inkosazana Polish. Wayefuna ukuba indoda yakhe, amaqhawe uthinjiwe. Ovethe iingubo noonongendi, yena ngempumelelo wangena enqabeni yomkhosi, kodwa ndazi ngokukhawuleza umfazi ngokungakhathali kunye wamohlwaya ephilile immured eludongeni.

Ukususela ngoko, ghost yakhe buhlungu walahleka iiholo nqaba befuna ngumntu omthandayo. Kukholelwa ukuba lowo obona inkosazana waseMelika kunokuba noyolo ngothando. Akukho mfuneko ukuba woyike.

isiphelo

Nangona kunzima, ujonge ummandla enkulu nqaba langoku, ukuba ucinge, kodwa sebenzisa ukuba ube mkhulu. Imbali gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe Malbork, ngenxa yokuba imilinganiso yalo kuyacuthwa phantse kabini.