Lungfish: abameli, imizekelo, iifoto

Lungfish sele ifumaneka kuphela kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. De mzuzu, akukho bani uphilayo umbonile. Iimbono babo kuphela kwabo iintsalela amandulo Ayifumaneki. iimpawu zabo zokusebenza ndiziphethe igama umdla enjalo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni intlanzi lungfish kwaye ngubani okhethekileyo kangaka. Ingongoma oku, ukuba amalungu ale iklasi ukuphefumla kuphela iigilizi, kodwa kukukhanya.

Ngoobani aba lungfish?

Abameli kule superorder lobe intlanzi ukuba zombini kumculo kunye nokuphefumla nezengekho miphungeni. Olu phawu yesakhiwo. In subclass hlabathi lungfish lanamhlanje, abameli apho bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini - rogozuboobraznye kunye dvulegochnikoobraznye, kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Abantu ezinxulumene kuyo ifumaneka kuphela eAfrika, Australia naseMzantsi Merika.

Ngaphandle iigilizi njengesiqhelo, baye nabo ayisindi (omnye okanye emibini), nto leyo lanje qubha lwesinye iguqulwe kancinane. Ngaphaya kweendonga, emithanjeni zawo zizaliswe, enyanisweni, exchange igesi kwenzeka. umoya umgibe Fish ukuba umlomo ukuphefumla, unyuka usiya phezulu. Xa atrial bayibonisa xaka elisuke kwi ventricle. ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni yakhe yhuu igazi imizimba ibe kwicala lasekunene intendelezo kunye ventricle kwicala lasekunene. Igazi, evela kwemiphunga engena kwicala lasekhohlo kwentliziyo. An into umdla kukuba igazi pulmonary is ahlanganiswe ngakumbi oxygen ikakhulu kwezo iimpahla uwele iigilizi ukuya intloko kunye namaziko awohlukeneyo. Yaye ke inxenye yesibini kwicala lasekunene intliziyo, kakhulu, ujongene iigilizi nasezimpahleni ekhokelela emiphungeni. Kubonakala ukuba igazi osisityebi neoksijini ihlwempu nangoku iimpahla ngokuyinxenye zifune intliziyo. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukuthetha Ekuthwaseni abangekaphuhli le izangqa ezibini igazi lihambe lungfish.

lungfish Ancient

Lungfish - abameli iqela yamandulo kakhulu. Iintsalela zazo phakathi iidiphozithi ukusuka kwixesha Devonian (era Paleozoic). Ixesha elide, ezi ntlanzi ayesaziwa kuphela iifosili. Kwaye ngo-1835 kwafunyaniswa ukuba protopter, abahlala e-Afrika - i lungfish.

lungfish Subclass, abameli ziye athe asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, iquka iintlobo ezintandathu kuphela:

1. Australian Queensland Lungfish - Squad-lung.
2. lungfish South American of dvulegochnyh odolo.
3. iintlobo ezine Protopterus ukusuka Afrika (dvulegochnye).

Kuyabonakala ukuba, baye bonke kunye nooyise babo iintlanzi amatsha.

Australian Queensland Lungfish

Ngu iintlanzi lungfish ezi Australian Queensland Lungfish. Bona zidibana yinxalenye encinane kakhulu uhehema lwesitya sokuhlambela imilambo kaMariya Burnett kwi-Australia kumntla-mpuma. Le intlanzi enkulu ukuya iisentimitha 175, nezinobunzima neekhilogram ngaphezu kweshumi.

Queensland Lungfish umzimba elikhulu atshabalalisa emacaleni wayisithelisa kunye esikalini ezinkulu. amaphiko ezinkulu nesithandwa ezifana amaphiko. Queensland Lungfish umzimba umbala yahluka ukusuka kubomvu-mdaka luhlaza-hina, kwaye sesisu umthunzi ngokuqinisekileyo lula.

Kulo iintlanzi emilanjeni kunye flow kade, apho kukho komhlaba kunye kwamanzi yehlathi. Yonke imizuzu amahlanu Queensland Lungfish liphuma kumphezulu kunye ingxolo ukhupha umoya ovela emiphungeni. Ngelo xesha yena wenza akukho siyagcuma, kungekhona ebhodlayo, nabanako weva kude ngokwaneleyo. Imuncwe umoya omtsha, intlanzi kwakhona olubi.

rozoguba yemvelo

Queensland Lungfish kakhulu uchitha ixesha emazantsi, elele izisu zabo okanye emi phezu amaphiko lastopodobnyh. Ukukhangela ukutya, yena uqala ukuze igaqele kancinane. okuhamba intlanzi nalo olucothayo kakhulu. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ukoyikisa, ngoko iqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza nomsila, ngaloo ndlela nokukhawulezisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Ngamaxesha embalela xa umlambo ayimenzi abe nzulu, Queensland Lungfish kwenzeka amaqula eseleyo ngamanzi. Xa amanzi ashushu, akanayo ioksijini, zonke iintlanzi zixheliwe, kwaye lujika lube udaka enukayo emdaka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusinda lungfish kuphela, ogama abameli bayakwazi ukuphefumla lula. Noko ke, ukuba amanzi aphuma ngokomphushu ngokupheleleyo, i-Queensland Lungfish kunjalo ukufa ngenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo nabazala zamaZantsi Melika kunye Afrika, abakwazi ukuba ilale kuyo.

Zidala intlanzi iwela ngexesha lemvula xa umlambo idla amanzi. Queensland Lungfish amaqanda ezinkulu phezu Ingca yolwandle. Emva kweentsuku ezili-12 Imibungu kuvela phambi resorption le Huy sac ke ezantsi, ihamba maxa wambi kancinane kwi imigama emifutshane.

Kukholelwa ukuba ngosuku lwe-14 emva kokuba imbonakalo Qhotsa wazalelwa ukuba baqalise ukusebenza lula. Queensland Lungfish simnandi kunene, nokuganga kubo ilula kakhulu. Le nto yakhokelela ekubeni ukwehla okukhulu kwamanani zabo. Okwangoku, baphantsi wokhuseleko, ukongeza, iinzame enziwayo ukuze resettle nabo kwezinye emanzini Australian.

Protopter - lungfish African

Ngu lungfish kunye zeentlanzi protopter. Baphila eAfrika kwaye amaphiko nomsonto-like. Kuzo zonke iintlobo ezine kweli lizwekazi, ezona - a protopter enkulu - ayafika ubude neemitha ngaphezu kwesinye enesiqingatha. I-avareji Ubude iintlanzi - malunga namashumi amathathu cm. Swimming intlanzi ezifana eels, umzimba bhija. Kodwa emazantsi ukuwasa ukunceda amaphiko filamentous. An into umdla kukuba isikhumba zizityebi receptor amaphiko. Xa plavnichok wachukumisa into edliwayo, intlanzi nangoko ubamba ixhoba laso. Protopter umana pops up kwaye siphefumle umoya omtsha. Protopter bahlala kumbindi Afrika. Yintoni indawo yokuhlala lungfish ukukhetha? Abameli ezi zilwanyana bakhetha imilambo namachibi kwiindawo mgxobhozo, leyo ixhaphakile ngonyaka ngexesha lemvula umqwebedu ngexesha lembalela. Xa ixesha lonyaka elomileyo inqanaba lamanzi uvikivwa ukusuka iisentimitha emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi. Ngeli xesha protopter umba imigodi ngokwabo.

umlomo Intlanzi lubamba emhlabeni, uze emva koko ungacolwanga abaphose kuyo ngokwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa iigilizi. Nora i istrowuku nkqo, nto leyo imi ekupheleni camera, apho, enyanisweni, protopter, waguqa kwisiqingatha umfake intloko yakhe.

Kude kube ngoko, de amanzi yomile ngokupheleleyo, intlanzi liphuma ukuphefumla. Emva koko ulwelo ukumvumela ukuba yl umngxuma, idlulela output. Ngoko protopter ke alunako ukuphuma. Yena nje ukukhuph le kuwugcina ngokuwubopha kwi kakhokho evela eludakeni, ephakamisa naye. Emva omiswe, kuba aneentunja kwaye ivumela oksijini olwenza intlanzi ukuze baphile, ekubeni sokuHayibhaneyitha.

Amanzi emngxunyeni kuxhaphaka ngoku viscous kakhulu ngenxa yencindi secreted protopter. Umhlaba ngokuthe owomileyo ngakumbi, yaye inqanaba lamanzi i iwela emngxunyeni. Ngenxa yoko, umbutho nkqo izele nomoya. Kruthu, intlanzi zokumisa egumbini asezantsi. Umzimba abunjwe malunga Cocoon yayo yencindi yomlomo. Ngoko ke protopter enjalo karhulumente silindele ilixesha lemvula, nto leyo eyenzeka kuphela emva 6 - 9 months.

Ukuziphatha kwe iintlanzi ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo

Kuyinto umdla ngokwaneleyo yokuziphatha kunye nezityalo lungfish zabo. Abameli (iifoto aboniswe kweli nqaku) welo qela bathatha inxaxheba elebhu. Ngoko ke, protopter igcinwe ubuthongo ngaphezu kweminyaka emine, kwaye ekupheleni kwesifundo, bakuthi balulu bekholosile.

Ngethuba dormancy kwi intlanzi liyehla ukutya. Kunjalo, iinyanga ezintandathu protopter ulahlekelwe ukuya ku-20 ekhulwini ubunzima bayo. Amandla umzimba lifumana ngenxa yokuwa kwezihlunu, ngokuba ammonia iqokelelane apha emzimbeni. Ixesha elikhutheleyo neentlanzi cwaka ephuma, kodwa silele iba urea zinetyhefu kakhulu, uyazikhomba leyo inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ngaba akwenzeki yityhefu umzimba. kuvela njani nokuzinza yiyo ayikacaci.

Xa kuqala ilixesha lemvula iqala ngokuthe ngcembe efunxa umhlaba, Wawuzalisa amanzi umngxuma, protopter, ndiyasaphula Cocoon, ukukhuph intloko yakhe kunye nomoya ukurhogele. Xa amanzi ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo ezantsi ichibi, intlanzi kukushiya emgodini. Emva kwenyanga enesiqingatha protopter ukuqala ixesha lokuzala. Ngeli xesha, inkunzi athe wemba umgangatho omtsha etyholweni kwaye ukhanga ukuya oyinkazana, lutshintshelwe amaqanda 5000. Ke kaloku, emva kweentsuku-7 kuvela kwindawo. Kwaye emva kweeveki 4 Qhotsa eqala ukudla ngokuzimeleyo ushiye emgodini. Kuba ixesha elithile ziyabuya ecaleni kwakhe, ezimele kwi ingozi encinane. Ngalo lonke eli xesha inkunzi isoloko ijikeleza umngxuma; ewe ezintshabeni.

protopter emnyama

Ukuqwalasela umxholo othi "lungfish: abameli, amagama" kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula kodwa omnye ummeli kule klasi - emnyama protopter. Uhlala e Congo Basin kunye Ogooué, wakhetha imigxobhozo, apho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba igcinwa nkqu nangamaxesha embalela. Xa amanzi iqala ukunciphisa emlanjeni, intlanzi igqibe kwi yl ezantsi, lwathi komhlaba. protopter ichitha Kukho ixesha lonyaka elomileyo, singazi kudala i Cocoon, liphuma kumphezulu ngamathuba athile ukuze siphefumle umoya.

Nora intlanzi endithobele ikhosi nasekupheleni kwegumbi. Abalobi bathi le yokusabela yi protopter emihlanu - iminyaka elishumi. Lo mngxuma efanayo kwenzeka kunye amaqanda. Oku amadoda mcimbi zilungiselwe kwangaphambili, ngokwakha ngeenxa yindulana yodaka, owawufikelela kubude semitha enye.

Lungfish, ngokufutshane ezichazwe kwiphepha lethu, bendisoloko kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu, ngoko ke engaqhelekanga kwaye unika umdla. Protopter abaphandi abanomdla nilele iipilisi. Biochemists Sweden and neNgilani wawuzama zingangeni emzimbeni iintlanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ilale kuyo. Kwaye yintoni umdla: xa sisicatshulwa esithathwe ingqondo ntlanzi yokulala zaye lesitofu egazini yeempuku yelebhu, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni kwizifundo baqalisa ukuba ukwehla kabukhali, balala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, phantse ngephanyazo. Ubuthongo eyathatha ukuya kwiiyure ezili-18. Emva uvuka kumabuzi ayikwazanga ukufumana naluphi uphawu ubuthongo ngumntu. Le nto ayizange ukunika nayiphi ngayo ezibi.

lungfish South American, okanye lepidosiren

Le mizekelo ibonisa ngokucacileyo lungfish bhetyebhetye zabo neemeko zokuphila ka kuyo ngokupheleleyo. Kanti ke, phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, ngenxa yokuba isakhono ukuphefumla ngeendlela ezimbini, intlanzi nempumelelo.

Udidi Dvoyakodyshashie intlanzi, abameli bayo ngaphezu kuthi njengengxenye kunye lungfish eMzantsi Merika, leyo ohlala Amazon. Ubude intlanzi ifikelela 1.2 yeemitha. It uhlala idla amadama yethutyana kuwuzalisileyo ngexesha lemvula okanye ukuchitheka. Feed cheshuychatniki ukutya zezilwanyana ezahlukileyo, ubukhulu becala molluscs. Ngamana udle wokutya kwezityalo. Xa iyoma intlanzi ichibi ubuxoki emazantsi emngxunyeni izando kuso fuse. Noko ke, aziyo cocoons. Sleeping intlanzi singqongwe yencindi kwaye yokunyakamisa komhlaba. Sisiseko ukutya amandla, ngokungafaniyo protopter, nguye amanqatha ukugeleza.

Isibini iiveki emva kwezikhukhula le lungfish dama South American iqalisa ukuba ande. Male osusa umngxuma, owawufikelela iimitha ezinesiqingatha ubude. Kuninzi kangakanani, isiginci ingca kunye amagqabi, ekukho kubo ababhinqileyo babeke amaqanda abo. Inkunzi uhleli emgodini nokukhusela abaselula. Ngeli ixesha amaphiko akhe ventral kuvela kweziqu. Ezinye ichthyologists bathi lifikile ixesha lokuba iigilizi lwangaphandle ezongezelelweyo uphefumlayo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ezi neziqu intlanzi uthumela ioksijini olungagqibelelanga xa elibamba kumphezulu echibini. Yinyaniso okanye akunjalo, ayaziwa. Noko ke, emva kwethuba ukuzala outgrowths shwaka.

Lungfish. Abamele coelacanth

Enye ummeli lungfish zezona coelacanth (coelacanths). Bambalwa kakhulu kwaye obubhenqwe isigqubuthelo twisisaka. Zihlala ku Comoros. Noko ke, abalobi basekuhlaleni zaveliswa kwimbali lamaqhosha hayi ngaphezulu kwe ezimakhulu mabini. Ubude lentlanzi uvela iisentimitha 43 ukuya 180, yaye ubunzima yi-95 kg. An into umdla kukuba zonke coelacanths uye wabanjwa ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya ku April, kwaye ebumnyameni. Abalobi babamba squid okanye iintlanzi lweengoma zabo oko ithiyelwe ngako. Iintonga gangalala ezinzulwini ezisemgangathweni (150 ukuya 400 meters). Kwenziwe iinzame ukubamba i migibe coelacanth okanye trawls, kodwa akubangakho nto kuwo. Mhlawumbi unobangela ukukhululeka elinzima yokuhlala yeentlanzi.

Coelacanth - lungfish. Kuye kakhulu isakhiwo umdla. Umzekelo, ukuba akukho omqolo. Umnqonqo eyenziwe engundoqo zamafu elastic. isinye qubha, umqeshwa lula lungfish, wanciphiswa tube encinane. amehlo Coelacanth ingaguqulwa abahlala ebumnyameni. coelacanth Biology wafunda encinane kakhulu. Ngokubanzi umdla kakhulu ngokwemiqathango lungfish yabo ophilileyo. Abameli (uluhlu lwabo kuye kuthi anikwe kwinqaku) yale eklasini ezikhethekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Bona eziphezu komhlaba azikho zininzi. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa incasa elungileyo, basaqhubeka phantsi kukutshabalalisa.

Kodwa njengoko coelacanth, ngobanjiso yayo akulula kangako. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba ubomi phakathi kwamatye abangelwe Comoros rocks kubunzulu ezinkulu. Lo mizekelo enqabile kuwa ngenxa abalobi oko ithiyelwe ngako, Kakade ke, zaye phantsi iimviwo obukhulu. Ngoko ke, eziswini zazo uhlala iintlanzi olunzulu-elwandle bafunyenwe abahlala 500 ukuya iwaka iimitha kubunzulu. Kungenzeka, lo coelacanth ubomi ungenzi nto, nangona, njengoko sele sathetha ngalo intlanzi lungfish, bangenza uphosa ebukhali, ngenxa umsila lwabo olomeleleyo. amaphiko ezinokususwa kwakhona bafundelane ngezibini kubanceda buthi kungena emfanteni wengxondorha. Coelacanth Asikunyamezeli kwelanga eliqaqambileyo kunye nobushushu eliphezulu oomaleko amanzi komhlaba.

Okokugqibela ummeli Crossopterygii emhlabeni

Enyanisweni, lo coelacanth - ukuba uhlobo kuphela lokusinda coelacanthidae yeentlanzi. ozibonayo ufana kuphela ukuba lokufumana idayinaso ophilayo.

Kakade ke, lo coelacanth yahluke kakhulu langaphambili yamandulo, ngubani kanye umiwe amanzi nzulu amanzi onxweme kunye ahlaziyekileyo. Ezi ziphumo ziye zenziwa zizazinzulu ngokwesiseko lweentsalela. Hi ndlela leyi, kusetyenziswa iingcaphephe efanayo yefosili ziye zagqiba ukuba coelacanths bamandulo waphila iminyaka eli-400 yezigidi eyadlulayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba nangaphambi kokuba Dinosaurs.

Coelacanth - ummeli kuphela emhlabeni Crossopterygii. ukufunyanwa saso kokukhangela inkulu kwintsimi umyezo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1938. Abalobi kwi Indian Ocean babambisa intlanzi enkulu kakhulu ezingaziwayo ukuziphatha ngokwaneleyo ndlongondlongo. izifundo zakhe kwakhokelela ukufunyanwa othusayo - ukuba oku ummeli yokugqibela Crossopterygii phezu komhlaba ebe ingqalelo extinct ixesha elide.

coelacanth zokuhlala emiselwe kule minyaka. Ngokuthe ngcembe safumanisa ukuba yena uphila ezintathu iziqithi Comoros kunye unxweme olusemazantsi Mozambique kunye kunxweme kumzantsi-ntshona eMadagascar. A labemi intlanzi kunye nonxweme Indonesian yabhaqwa 1998.

Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi uthetha malunga ezimbini iintlobo naye - Indonesian kunye kamorskoy. Zingaphi iintlanzi na apho ngeenxa kunxweme Indonesia, ayaziwa, kodwa Comoros Kukho malunga namakhulu amabini abantu. Zonke coelacanths ziyajongwa rhoqo. Ukuganga le ntlanzi akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo.