"Gardasil" (ugonyo) iimpendulo. Yintoni na ukuba agonywe, "Gardasil" okanye "Cervarix"?

Phantse 80% yabantu behlabathi wawabetha yi-Human papilloma Virus. Ngoku waziwa neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-100 ezahlukeneyo sifo. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwazo azinabungozi. Akhokelela kuphela inkangeleko intsumpa, kodwa kuba nafuthe ubomi yonke eziphilayo. Kodwa kukho iintlobo eziphakamileyo HPV umngcipheko abafunyanwa zonke izigulane abaye unesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, ezimpundu, esini zangaphandle, okanye kwingqula.

Ugonyo nxamnye papilloma virus

Iingcali zale mihla bathi ubukho HPV emzimbeni akuthethi ukuba umntu ibonakala isifo somhlaza. Kodwa ke kwizigulane ezinjalo basengozini. Ngapha koko, intsholongwane Kuchaza iiseli kwaye yenza ukuba uphuhliso yamathumba.

Iinkampani ezivelisa amayeza ziye ugonyo ezizodwa ezivuselela iiseli zamajoni omzimba. Kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba intsholongwane ukuba angene umzimba bafumane zintshula kuyo. Okwangoku, izigulane Ungakhetha uhlobo ugonyo - "Gardasil" okanye "Cervarix" ukukwenza. Omabini la machiza ezikhusela kwiintlobo ezimbini ze-HPV, eziyiyo uhlobo eziphambili zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye empundwini.

Iimpawu ugonyo "Gardasil"

Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba nayiphi na amachiza bathi ayikho nako ukunyanga HPV yabantu. Kodwa "Gardasil" (ugonyo) iyasebenza kwiintlobo-4 ze-HPV. Kwezi, 16 no-18 neentlobo kukho umngcipheko High, 6 no-11 ityala iintsumpa angasese - i iintsumpa ekuthiwa-angasese.

Zigonywe kakhulu xa bebudala xa umntu akukhange ixesha onakaliswe kunye uthe ntsholongwane. abavelisi bamachiza bacebisa ukugonya abantwana abafikisayo phambi bt ngokwesondo.

Ububanzi bokusebenzisa

Ukuba ufuna isitofu sokugonya, "Gardasil", ngoko ufanele wazi ukuba likhusela ngokuchaseneyo ukosuleleka 4 iintlobo zabantu papillomavirus, ezizezi: 6, 11, 16 no 18. Zonke ezinye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela isigulane HPV abanokosulelwa ubomi. Kodwa ke ayikho iyingozi. Ngo kwexesha sokugonya nga iyaluthintela uphuhliso dysplasia, kwaye kwezinye iimeko nokuba ngumhlaza kwinxenye yelungu lobufazi, wesibeleko, ilindle nangaphandle esini, zibangelwa yi iintlobo HPV m-16 ze-m 18 bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo olu gonyo, "Cervarix", likhusela ngokuchaseneyo sifo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iyasebenza kwiintlobo ezimbini ze-HPV - 16 no-18.

ubungozi kunokwenzeka

Iya isanda, ngoku ungafumana ulwazi "Gardasil" - ugonyo ekukhulelweni. Ngokutsho kwabanye abantu, ubunzima ugonyo lwabantwana kwi elivisayo - isicwangciso wengcibi ngenxa yokwaphuka labemi eziphilayo yayo. Abaninzi intetho malunga ukufana yepateni ukusetyenziswa uthe isiyobisi kunye zitofu, leyo zaphuhliswa yi-Rockefeller Foundation kwaye kujongwe ukuba bamqumbise izisu.

Kwakhona, abachasi ugonyo bathi oku akuyongqinisekiso yokuba umguli somhlaza angeke. Kodwa abavelisi sokugonya ukuqinisekisa kuphela yokuba imveliso yabo kujongwe ukuthintela nokudityaniswa papilloma virus emzimbeni.

Ukongeza, abaphandi bathi ukuba unobangela kwezisu kunye nokubeleka ngaphambi phakathi abaninzi baba amagama sokugonya "Gardasil". Imigomo isincomo yi ngumvelisi, kufuneka kwenziwe enhle phambi kokuqala msebenzi ngesondo okanye ukuthintela iingxaki ezinokubangela HPV. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuthetha iingxaki okanye kwawo of ugonyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa akwenzi ngqiqo. Ngaphezu koko, le ncwadana iqulethe ingcaciso enqwenelekayo bazikhusele sizalwa kunokwenzeka ngexesha ugonyo kwaye tirhisa ukuba ubunyani ukukhulelwa sele iqinisekisiwe.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa

Kukho amacebo ezimbini isitofu "Gardasil". Ugonyo kwenziwa kathathu. Ukuba asigungqi ngokomfuziselo njengesiqhelo, inaliti yesibini eyenziwa iinyanga ezimbini emva kokuba kuqala. Kwaye eyesithathu - nkqu iinyanga 4 emva yesibini. Ikhosi ugonyo okt ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Kodwa kukho uguqulelo olukhawulezisiweyo. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba kungafundiswa idosi yesibini inyanga enye emva kweyokuqala, kwaye eyesithathu - ezintathu emva yesibini. Leyo ikhosi epheleleyo iza kuthatha iinyanga 4. Kodwa ukuba kukho yaphula lebanga, ungakhathazeki. Le khosi iya kuba ngokupheleleyo kwimeko unyaka omnye ukuba kwenziwe izitofu ezintathu.

Ngokuba onke amaqela ubudala lisetyenziswa inani elifanayo iziyobisi - 0.5 ml. It ibhalwa intramuscularly kwi esihlunwini deltoid. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba bafake kwi kumphezulu eliphezulu olungaphandle inxalenye phakathi ethangeni.

Nurse yenza le kwizitofu kufuneka wazi yonke imithetho ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzisa isirinji ezilahlwayo (igutyana) kunye isitofu kufuneka kuzanyazanyiswa kakuhle ukuze ufumane oluludaka eyohlobo olulodwa turbid. Ithamo elo lilawulwa nasabelo sinye, kunye nesayithi inaliti iphathwa nge-70% utywala.

Ukuba igutyana okanye nesirinji umcimbi ebonakalayo amazwe, amasuntswana, umbala wayo itshintshwe okanye akukho uniform, yinto baloko nkalongoko yayo.

ulwazi oluyimfuneko

Ukufunda malunga ugonyo "Gardasil" ncomo, unako ngokufuthi ufumane uluvo ukuba ayenzi ukunceda balahle umhlaza. It ngokwenene. Kujongwe kuphela ukuvimbela nxamnye eziliqela izifo, phakathi ezo umhlaza. Kwakhona, loo nto ayinakusetyenziswa ukuphelisa zonke iintlobo ze-HPV. Intsingiselo intshayelelo yalo kuphela kwiimeko apho isigulane khange losulelwe yi isantya kwindlela nxamnye apho isitofu sogonyo siyasebenza. Lungenasiphumo kusulelo sele esebenzayo emzimbeni, apho zibangelwa yi-HPV. Kwakhona ikhosi engagqitywanga ayikwazi ukukukhusela ukususela ekusulelekeni kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa iindlela ukungakwazi zokucwangcisa ngexesha ugonyo inyanzelekile. Kwakhona, musa ukufunda malunga yokumilisela 'Gardasil "ncomo, echaza ngokosuleleka naziphi kwizifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini. Asinto indlela yokukhusela ngokuchasene nezinye izifo.

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye isitofu sokugonya, asizizo zonke izigulane omzimba kulindeleke. Ebonisa lo ngenxa ka-99% yabantu uphando. Xa intshayelelo yayo akakwazi ngaphandle imeko umothuko anaphylactic. Ngoko ke, ukuba "Gardasil" (ugonyo) kwisikolo senziwa, ngoko ke isandla abongikazi kufuneka kusoloko njengendlela unyango olungxamisekileyo. Kwama-30 imizuzu isigulane kufuneka zibekwe esweni. Amaninzi, basabela ngokohlobo syncope kwenzeka ekuhlanganisweni kweentombi kanye intsha.

ukungaphili

Ukongeza kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho kukho indlela anaphylactic, kusenokubakho ezinye ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva kogonyo "Gardasil" iye yaziswa. Uphengululo kunye nolwazi evela kumenzi zibonisa ukuba izigulane badla akhalaze sokudlathuka kweenwele kunye neentlungu kuyo inaliti kunye omzimba, xa ukuyilwa kwento hematoma okanye nomkhuhlane. Phantse omnye kwabalishumi waphawula ukudumba, anozizi kuyo inaliti.

Kwakhona, izigulane ezininzi emva kokuba ziye zitofwe "Gardasil" izimvo wemka malunga ukubonakala ukudinwa, kuthibaza, ukungakhululeki jikelele, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, bronchospasm, urticaria. Kodwa ukuvavanya ukuchaneka yolu lwazi kunye nokunxibelelana iingxaki echazwe ngokuqaliswa ichiza akwenzeki.

kuhlanganiswa iziyobisi

Ukuba sele kwaqaliswa lugonyo arhente "Gardasil 'ukuba kwizitofu ezilandelayo kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale lokugonya. Oko kwenziwa ngaxeshanye kunye namanye amachiza. kufuneka uphazamiseko okwethutyana, ukuba isigulane kufuneka enze esebenzayo isitofu amayeza nxamnye hepatitis B, meningococcal, isifo somqala omhlophe, pertussis (usebenzisa icandelo acellular), uminxano, ipoliyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukwazisa ukuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwakhona ngenxa izifundo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusetyenziswa lokucwangcisa hormone, amachiza anti-ukudumba, analgesics, imithi, izakhiwo vitamin, arhente steroid alichaphazeli ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko sokugonya "Gardasil". Ugonyo iye azivavanywanga kwezo izigulane ayesebenzisa immunosuppressants.

iipropati immunobiological

Ukuthetha zonke iingenelo kunokwenzeka bendlela ichiza, abaninzi abazi sokugonya isebenza kakuhle ngayo. Le nto ndiyibhalayo iiprotheni kakhulu kwisono human papilloma virus 6, 11, 16 kunye neentlobo-18. Ukongeza, eli yeza luyinto adjuvant, L-histidine, iiproteins igwele, polysorbate 80, sodium borate. Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo ethandwayo, eli yeza ayiqulathanga iintsholongwane (ufile okanye uyaphila), oko amasuntswana yintsholongwane-ezifana, izinto ezo nako ukuvelisa kuphela. Kodwa abavumela ukuba bafumane omzimba ezinqwenelekayo.

Okuqukiweyo iiproteni sokugonya ziveliswa Ukubila eyahlukileyo. uhlobo ngalunye zentsholongwane nyulu, kuba adsorbed kwi adjuvant okhethekileyo equlathe aluminiyam. Nabani na owaziyo umgaqo lwamachiza, baqonde ukuba "Gardasil" - ugonyo nxamnye papilloma virus. Ngenxa yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwayo ukhupha izilwa, ezigcinwa iinyanga 36 (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, ukuba esebenzayo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-8). Kodwa kule khosi yesi sifundo abakufumana yimfuneko ukuqhuba kwakhona ugonyo.

isicelo

Sebenzisa 'Gardasil "(ugonyo) eRashiya ngokubanzi. iinkqubo zamkelwa kumgangatho karhulumente, njengoko apho amantombazana bagonywe kwi Russian Federation for free. Imigomo izikolo, amaziko empilo kunye neeklinikhi. Ngeli nyathelo urhulumente uye kuba manani ukuhla zarekhodwa kwi-2000. ERashiya, ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko yonke imihla wafa abafazi-18. Ke ehlabathini bathi kwesifo efakiweyo rhoqo kwimizuzu emi-2.

Ngokupheleleyo balahle umhlaza, Kakade, akathandi kusebenza, kodwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba yamathumba ngayo. Ngapha koko, xa ugonyo ngexesha nga iyaluthintela uphuhliso bomhlaza wesibeleko, nto leyo iqalisa ngenxa yeenguqu yihuman papillomavirus iiseli.

indlela engenye

Fumana ezinye iziyobisi ukuze akhusele nxamnye nophuhliso nomhlaza kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukuba siyakuqonda oko efunekayo "Gardasil" (Ukuchumisa). koko kunceda isitofu sokugonya, uyakwazi ukuchaza yonke ugqirha kunye engokuthintelwa. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, oko inokunyanga HPV, yaye ngokukodwa umhlaza, kodwa oko kunceda ekupheliseni amathuba yabantu usulelo papillomavirus kunye nophuhliso umhlaza obangelwa zizo.

Uhambelwano ugonyo "Cervarix". Umzekelo, "Gardasil" (akayicingi) kuphela ngo-2014 wabonakala Ukraine. De kube lelo xesha ugonyo lwaqhutywa kuphela nokusetyenziswa "Cervarix" ichiza into esebenzayo kwiintlobo ezimbini zentsholongwane - umngcipheko High zenzi 16 no 18. Noko ke, ugonyo jikelele nolunyanzelekileyo wawungekho Ukraine.

Khetha phakathi lezi zitofu ingcono kunye nogqirha wakho. Asimele silibale ukuba zisebenza ngokufanayo nxamnye HPV 16 kunye neentlobo-18 ngexesha xa umzimba akukabikho izifo athile. Kodwa "Gardasil" nangoku nako ukukhusela nxamnye-6, iintlobo-11 ezibanga iintsumpa angasese. Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana kwanasemva ikhosi epheleleyo ugonyo lithetha "Cervarix" iintsumpa angavela kwi wesibeleko kunye womntu obhinqileyo. Ukusetyenziswa ichiza "Gardasil" aliquki uphuhliso esinjalo. Kodwa zombini ezi zitofu engakhange abakhusele nxamnye kwezinye iintlobo konyanzeliso intsholongwane utshilo.

ukusebenzisa Iimpawu

Phambi kokuba uya kwenziwa sokugonya, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye iimeko zayo yokugcina. Ngoko ke, kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo (ukususela-phinde ngo 2 ukuya +8 ⁰ C), apho kungekho singena ukukhanya. Kodwa qhwa of akwamkelekanga yayo. Kwathi ichiza iminyaka emi-3, emva kokuphela kwelo thuba, oko kufuneka itshatyalaliswe.

Kwakhona, kukho inani imiba emalunga nokusetyenziswa ugonyo "Gardasil" sele umdala. Umzekelo, umenzi ubanga ukuba inkqubo yokugonya Ungafumana zonke elivisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda kunye abafazi ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45. Nangona izifundo ezininzi lubonisa ukuba ugonyo emva kweminyaka 26 ukuba sele unike isiphumo kulindeleke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku ngenxa yokuba lo mfazi kwesi sigaba sele nguye umnini papilloma virus. Ngoko ke, eli yeza akuthethi ukukhusela kusulelo yaye ngaloo ndlela iyaluthintela uphuhliso somhlaza.

Iingcali ezininzi zithi kakhulu ngempumelelo ngakumbi ziya kubekwa esweni yi ugqirha kunye saminyaka cytology. Akuncedi nto ukuba ukuthintela isifo, kodwa uya kuba nako ukuchonga naluphi na utshintsho usaqala.

Kakade ke, ungafumana ulwazi kunye ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba bakhuselwe 'Gardasil "umhlaza. Ukuphonononga lubonisa ukuba nkqu ukugonywa basenokuba isifo somhlaza wesibeleko, ezimpundu, esini ikuku okanye lwangaphandle. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba isitofu sogonyo likhusela ngokuchaseneyo iintlobo ezimbini umngcipheko High zentsholongwane - 16, 18. Kodwa ke ngo-30% amatyala efumanise lomhlaza ezinye iintlobo zosulelo HPV nazo zinika ngamandla kuphuhliso somhlaza. Ngoko ke, akukho tyala ngeke kuthathwa ilikhubalo lokunyanga ugonyo lwezifo oncological. uyohlolwa kuphela rhoqo ugqirha kwaye ndiqhuba cytology smear kuya kunceda esweni imeko yempilo.