Linjongo kunye nezifundo yobudlelwane yolawulo ngokusemthethweni. Administrative-mthetho ulwalamano: Imizekelo

ubudlelwane zolawulo nezomthetho - indawo nomdla kwi ukuba ababandakanyekayo uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqumrhu abathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi. Abathathi-nxaxheba zohlobo nelo onxibelelwano kuba abasemagunyeni abemi, iinkampani, nomasipala. Cinga indlela intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo embonweni amagqwetha Russian.

Administrative-mthetho ulwalamano: abadlali

Ngokutyhilwa eqhelekileyo ukususela amagqwetha Russian, ngokuxhomekeke ubudlelane zolawulo nezomthetho kungathathwa nxaxheba yonxibelelwano ekwenzeni imisebenzi kwinqanaba yesigqeba karhulumente, kwingingqi okanye umasipala, njengoko umgaqo, ezinxulumene ulawulo kwezopolitiko. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zifundo yobudlelwane ahambelanayo ukuvela ngqo amaziko karhulumente, izakhiwo kunye namagosa, ogama isimo ngokusesikweni kwimithetho federal, urhulumente okanye kamasipala. Uhlobo apho ezo ukuba izidumbu kuphela elawulayo, kodwa iinkundla, imibutho yoluntu kunye abantu emzimbeni. Kukho izifundo ngamnye wobudlelwane yolawulo-zomthetho, kwaye kukho ehlangeneyo (siza sijonga ezi kunye nezinye iikhrayitheriya yokuhlelwa kwazo).

Ubume, okuthetha i "icala elinye" kwi inkalo yalo hlobo zomthetho nezobudlelwane, ngokutsho nabameli ngubani iqondwe into eqhubekayo okanye ngamaxesha athile. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba aba- olwenze phawu lwakhe lokuqala. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, igosa elithile linemisebenzi zolawulo kuphela ngexesha yentsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye nezinye izifundo yobudlelwane zomthetho, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha kwimisebenzi yalo esemthethweni. Kukho omnye umbono. Ngokutsho kuyo, igunya okanye igosa uba ngesihloko zomthetho nezobudlelwane kuphela xa yokuxhulumana kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba zonxibelelwano.

Ngenxa yoko, sezifundo ezingundoqo wobudlelwane yolawulo-zomthetho, ngokutyhilwa ixhaphake, - le meko imizimba, amaziko okanye imibutho karhulumente, kwaye kwezinye iimeko abantu zenyama banamalungelo kunye nezibophelelo sikhokelo namagunya acacisiweyo yi-nkcukacha asendle efanelekileyo yomthetho. Zeziphi iindlela ukulungisa ubume imisebenzi, ekuthethwe sisodwa iingcali? Kuphantsi kweziphi izizathu uyakwazi ukuchaza ulwalamano lolawulo-mthetho? Makhe sihlole kubo.

Imigaqo isahlakalo unxulumano zolawulo

ubudlelwane Administrative-mthetho, subjects ubudlelwane kwenzeka xa iseti elandelayo kweemeko. Olu luhlu aludinisi, kodwa iindlela ezininzi ezingundoqo zinto, ukufaneleka leyo ezisisigxina bume yamagqwetha mihla Russian. Okokuqala, isenzo kufuneka ibe imimiselo zomthetho kunye nolawulo, izifundo ebeka imithetho zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda yokuziphatha neembopheleleko. Okwesibini, loo nto ixela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba baye bayiphawula ubudlelwane ukuma. Okwesithathu, kufuneka ibe izizathu isenzeko lohlobo ezichaphazelekayo yentsebenziswano izifundo.

Ukwahlukanisa amaqumrhu asemthethweni

Izifundo ubudlelwane yolawulo-zomthetho, ngokutsho amagqwetha Russian nga zihlelwe ngokwamaqela eziliqela. Yintoni na? Izifundo yobudlelwane zolawulo zomthetho zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini eziphambili, ngokutsho kuxhaphakile nodidi zomthetho Russian. Eli qela ngezihloko thaca abadlali inkqubo ngamnye, kwakunye lowo equka amalungu nemibutho. Owayesakuba ziquka: abemi Russian, amazwe kunye nabantu lizwe. To wesibini: karhulumente, kunye norhulumente kamasipala, amaqumrhu karhulumente kunye nemibutho yoluntu kunye ubunini babo yabasebenzi. Izifundo yobudlelwane zolawulo ezisemthethweni zezi, nangona narrowness ezingummiselo kwicala elingqinelanayo, kakhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nxaxheba yonxibelelwano karhulumente. Kakade ke, ukuba athathe njengesiseko ngokubanzi phakathi kwingongoma Russian yomthetho umbono.

ngezigaba ubudlelwane zomthetho

Ekubeni ingqalelo ukuba yintoni na ezi zifundo wobudlelwane yolawulo-zomthetho, singakwazi sihlolisise uhlelo uhlobo ahambelanayo lwemisebenzi. amagqwetha Modern Russian ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo. Ubudlelwane okuphatha nezomthetho zezi:

• ne nxaxheba kwezakhiwo ayamileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kusebenza kumaziko karhulumente);
• ngokuhlanganisa izifundo kwinqanaba elifanayo;
• phakathi amaziko kunye nemibutho karhulumente (amaziko, imibutho);
• phakathi amagunya karhulumente kunye kamasipala;
• phakathi kwamandla kunye nabemi;
• impefumlelwano abantu bonke kunye nemibutho;
• phakathi amagunya kamasipala, abemi kunye nemibutho.

Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ekulinganisweni ulwalamano esemthethweni mbuzo, kubalulekile kwakhona ngokwemiqathango ingakumbi isakhiwo karhulumente. Ngokuphathelele Russia, ngaloo ndlela, singakwazi ukwahlula umsebenzi uhlobo zilandelayo:

• phakathi korhulumente yase kanye wenqila (idla kule nkalo impefumlelwano sabaphathi);
• kunye inxaxheba amaziko olawulo yezopolitiko kumaqumrhu ohlukeneyo usemthethweni kwinqanaba elifanayo;
• phakathi koogunyaziwe benqila kunye nezigqeba zolawulo ndawo zendawo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisekelwe kuyo zihlelwa ulwalamano lolawulo-mthetho. Imizekelo: Usukelo ingenzeka unxulumano ahambelanayo, uhlobo izibakala zomthetho, umxholo. Cinga iimpawu nganye.

Ukuba uthathe njengesiseko ngenjongo kobudlelwane nasisihlo ekuthethwa thina, ukuba wahlulelana, ngokutsho amagqwetha mihla Russian, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. I yangaphambili ziquka umsebenzi, ngokusekelwe impefumlelwano amagosa kunye neeyunithi noshowo kumasebe ngamnye. To okwesibini - ubuhlobo akhiwa kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo abadlali. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi kwezinye abasemagunyeni kunye nabemi.

Ngokuphathelele iimpawu izibakala zomthetho, amalungu ubudlelwane zolawulo nezomthetho angazibandakanya omnye ukuba basebenzisane ngenjongo semthethweni izenzo ezithile okanye ukungabikho. Omnye umbandela ukuhlelwa imisebenzi kucingwa ukuba ikhankanywe ngasentla, - umxholo ubudlelwane. Apha, amagqwetha bohlulwa kwi zabo substantive and procedural. I yangaphambili ziquka unxibelelwano, imithombo Adjustable komthetho substantive uhlobo. Njengenxalenye Ezecala lesibini ubudlelwane zolawulo nezomthetho basebenzisane ngaphakathi nemigaqo yeenkqubo.

Ubudlelwane yoLawulo: lo mba wenkqubo

Cinga le nkalo intsebenziswano phakathi nxaxheba zonxibelelwano. Zeziphi izifundo wobudlelwane yolawulo-yenkqubo? Into yokuba Uluhlu lwabo libanzi kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba karhulumente efanelekileyo ummiselo osemthethweni iquka inani elikhulu amaziko oluntu kunye karhulumente kunye neendidi zemisebenzi zabemi. Izifundo ubudlelwane yolawulo-yenkqubo - kukuthi, ngokutsho eqhelekileyo in Russian zomthetho ingqiqo, abemi, abantu ngaphandle ngabemi ngokumalunga naliphi na ilizwe, abasebenzi kunye nabahlali nemibutho, ngokunjalo, enyanisweni, isakhiwo apho, ngenxa amagunya ayo badlala indima ephambili neenkqubo zolawulo . A indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ziinkundla kule nkalo.

Malunga nomba yenkqubo kwizifundo yobudlelwane yolawulo kwicala GPS (umthetho civil izifundo kwiiyunivesithi kunye namaziko ophando) ziyaqondwa njenge iseti neendidi ezintathu nxaxheba zonxibelelwano. Okokuqala, kukho imibutho ukuba unalo igunya lokulawula nomba kwamandla yezopolitiko - Mongameli, urhulumente kunye namanye amaziko amabhunga olawulo ngaphezulu. Okwesibini, iqela nxaxheba malunga apho ulawulo - abemi, amashishini, imibutho engajonganga nzuzo. Okwesithathu, zizinto ezikhoyo ukuba abahlala kwindawo ephakathi ingaba zombini zibe naso amandla, yaye ukuba ukulandisa izakhiwo aphezulu ezopolitiko. Oku, enyanisweni, amagunya kunye namagosa zommandla kamasipala.

Zolawulo nezomthetho ubudlelwane: imvelaphi, ke, ukupheliswa

Iza kuba luncedo ukufunda inkalo ukuvela olu hlobo imisebenzi, yabo inkqubela, utshintsho kunye nokupheliswa. Le theory zomthetho elamkeleke jikelele into yokuba, ngokutsho apho naluphi na uhlobo lolwalamano esemthethweni kuvela ngenxa ukuvela leefekthi zomthetho. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba ubuntu babo inokuba i header for ngokuhlelwa intsebenziswano ahambelanayo izifundo. Ngoku cinga ukuba yintoni na ezi zibakala esemthethweni iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Kwinzululwazi mihla, ubuntu babo uchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. izibakala zoMthetho - ukuba iimeko ngenxa isenzo eyeyona zomthetho mlonyeni ukuseka, ukutshintshwa okanye ukunqunyanyiswa bezomthetho. Them kukho iintlobo ezimbini: ezo ezibonisa isenzeko yezinto eziphathekayo ezithile, kwakunye nezo ukuba babhale into yokuba iziganeko ezifanelekileyo ebonelelweyo imithombo umthetho njengesiseko kuba imiphumo yomthetho. Sibheka kunazo abadumileyo izibakala zomthetho.

izibakala Legal njengesiseko ukuvela bezomthetho

Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uhlobo izibakala ilele kakhulu-moya kwezentlalo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kuvela ngenxa yeemeko ezithile ebomini. Inqanaba elilandelayo nokudaleka - kungqinelwano kunye nezithethe ezikhoyo zomthetho. Izibakala ekuthethwa zidla ihlelwa iindidi ezimbini - iintshukumo kunye neziganeko.

I yangaphambili ziquka umsebenzi ezibangwa ukuthanda zesimo nxaxheba ngqo bezomthetho. umongo yabo isemthethweni okanye abe iipropati ezinjalo. Ngokuba izinto zomthetho Uhlobo lokuqala angaquka, umzekelo, upapasho kagunyaziwe disposal, okanye ezinye imigangatho umthombo umthetho, uvumela ukuba isebenze inkqubo igunya elithile zona. Okanye abulawe yeziko lezopolitiko amanyathelo asemthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, izenzo ezingekho mthethweni izifundo - ezo ezihlambela iimfuno efanelekileyo nemiqathango ecaciswe kule mithetho esele ikhona.

Iziganeko - oku, ke, nezibakala ngokomthetho, musa ixhomekeke ukuthanda ngabalawulwa bezomthetho. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, isenzo kwezinye iimeko zangaphandle, uhlobo imarike. Okanye ubutyala evela naziphi na - umzekelo, imfuneko yokukhupha yokundwendwela ngokunxulumene impumelelo yobudala ethile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ummi unesibophelelo ukuba neentlobano yolawulo kunye zomthetho kunye nenkonzo ukufuduka nokuba kukhutshwe uxwebhu yesazisi entsha.

Izifundo ubudlelane yolawulo emva ekufumanekeni leefekthi ngokomthetho bafumane amalungelo athile okanye izibophelelo. Zabo amanyathelo okulandelela-up abe phantsi kwezinye uxanduva. Xa mzuzu ethile kukho ubudlelwane yolawulo-mthetho? Imizekelo apha kusenokwahluka kakhulu. Cinga omnye elula kakhulu. Masithi ngummi uya ofisi usodolophu wesixeko kunye ngenjongo sokukhalaza malunga nomgangatho ophantsi asphalt yabahambi eyadini endlwini yakhe - ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Ngaloo ndlela lenza isenzo oyinxalenye mhaka ngokusemthethweni. Ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe ngemvelo kwezolawulo esemthethweni, umasipala uyasamkela isicelo ngokutsha. Yaye ukuba ubudlelwane mzuzu engqinelanayo, enyanisweni, qala.

Umxholo ubudlelwane zolawulo

Izifundo yobudlelwane yolawulo ukusebenzisana kwiindawo ezimbini ezisisiseko - yemali neyomthetho. Ngokuphathelele lokuqala - unxibelelwano isekelwe phezu kakuhle ukuziphatha CCMA. Ebudeni isifundo sesibini of sebenzisana ubudlelwane zolawulo zomthetho, ngokusekelwe ubukho amalungelo athile omthetho okanye izibophelelo.

Ngoko ke, ngokoMthetho umxholo, umsebenzi kumbuzo, i interrelation rhoqo amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi izifundo. Ukuba inkalo ethile ulwalamano lwenu amagunya zomthetho, omnye uba ibophelelekile. Ngenxa yoko, kwimigaqo zomthetho kunye nolawulo ziqulathe ulwimi ecebisa uxanduva ngokusilela ukuba imimiselo efanelekileyo yentsebenziswano-nxaxheba. Lowo kunokwenzeka?

Kumthetho wembambano, kukho uxanduva, kuqala, iziko elisemthethweni kwenye. Elulawulweni imeko thile ezahlukeneyo. Inyaniso kukuba lo luxanduva apho, njengokuba umthetho, ukuba urhulumente, kumalungu ayo okanye amagosa, imisebenzi kunye namagunya leyo ichazwe kwi izenzo zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba izifundo yobudlelwane zolawulo zomthetho na, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, imibutho ukwenza imisebenzi yolawulo kwezopolitiko. Ngoko ke, lo isebe yesigqeba inokuyichaphazela zonxibelelwano-nxaxheba abaphula imimiselo ebekwe yi imithombo ngomthetho, izohlwayo zoluleko okanye zezolawulo. Kwelinye icala, ezi amaziko anoxanduva lokuchaneka ukuhamba ukuya kumaqumrhu ezopolitiko ephakamileyo, ezifana urhulumente Russian.

Zolawulo nezomthetho ubudlelwane: izinto

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele indlela izinto zimiselwa ubudlelwane yolawulo-zomthetho. Xa kileyo mihla na iintlobo zokugweba ukuba ukuchonga lokuhlela ubuntu babo. Ngokutsho komnye ingqiqo, izinto yobudlelwane yolawulo-ngokomthetho ayikwazi yahlulwe ezininzi kuThixo. Kutheni? Inyaniso ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwesinye: yenjongosenzi lowo zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda, kwaye ukuziphatha lomntu isuke kukuthanda kwakhe. Nto leyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa kukuvela izibophelelo ezithile okanye umnqweno ukwenza nayiphi na intshukumo - ngaphakathi na okanye hayi ngaphantsi olusebenzayo amaphulo umthombo yolawulo.

Ngokutsho komnye imboniselo, iinjongo yobudlelwane yolawulo-yomthetho - oku izenzo zabantu, yaye ezinye izinto okanye ezinye izibonelelo - asethi elinexabiso ukwanelisa iimfuno ezifanelekileyo kwizifundo imisebenzi achaphazelekayo. Le njengenqobo engundoqo apha - kufuneka kubonelelwa imithombo yemithetho yezolawulo. Noko ke, umongo iinjongo zomthetho nezobudlelwane ekuthethwa, yahluke kakhulu.

An into umdla kukuba le ngcamango ngandlel 'ithile backed up kwinqanaba mthetho. Kukho, ngokukodwa, Ndiwise inombolo kaRhulumente 872 esamkelwa 15.12.2007 In itekisi yayo okungenanto udwelisa izinto yobudlelwane yolawulo ngokomthetho - abo ezifanelekayo intsebenziswano phakathi abasemagunyeni yase kanye iintlobo ezithile kwamashishini karhulumente. Umzekelo, siyipropati lombutho, iimveliso zayo ziveliswa, ingeniso kunye nengeniso.

Ukukhusela iimfanelo kwi-sikhokelo ubudlelwane zolawulo zomthetho

Ukufunda ubudlelwane zolawulo zomthetho, abalawulwa zomthetho nezobudlelwane, kuya kuba luncedo ukunika ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo umba indlela ukukhusela iimfanelo emiselwe ukuba amaqela unxibelelwano. Lidla khetho eqhelekileyo, apho impefumlelwano abadlali ukulwela amalungelo abo enkundleni.

Kodwa yena hayi kuphela. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kuqatshelwe ummeli eziliqela, ubuninzi impikiswano leyo isonjululwe kodwa ngeendlela yezolawulo. Nokuzimisela iqela onelungelo unyango ethile ekhethekileyo, ethwele isifundo kobudlelwane, kwanamandla ziboniswe kwi amagama ezingummiselo efanelekileyo. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, igunya. Ukongeza, amaqumrhu asemthethweni anento amagunya athile linokusetyenziswa amanyathelo yemfundiso ngokunxulumene nezinye nxaxheba zonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, imfuneko ukuba bangenise naziphi na amaxwebhu ezongezelelweyo, ukwenza uhlobo enjalo amanyathelo.